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Glossary
1
100BASE-TX: 100BASE-TX is the predominant form of Fast Ethernet, providing 100 Mbit/s
Ethernet. The configuration of 100BASE-TX networks is very similar to 10BASE-T.
When used to build a local area network, the devices on the network (computers,
printers etc.) are typically connected to a hub or switch, creating a star network.
Alternatively it is possible to connect two devices directly using a cross-over cable.
A
AC97: AC'97 (short for Audio Codec '97) is Intel Corporation's Audio "Codec" standard
developed by the Intel Architecture Labs in 1997, and used mainly in on-
motherboards, modems, and sound cards. Audio components integrated into Intel
chipsets consists of 2 components - an AC'97 digital controller, which is built into the
I/O Controller Hub (ICH) of the chipset, and an AC'97 codec, which is the analog
component of the architecture. AC'97 defines a high-quality, 16- or 20-bit audio
architecture for the PC that is used in the majority of today's desktop platforms.
AC'97 supports 96 kHz in 20-bit stereo resolution and 48 kHz in 20-bit stereo for
multichannel recording and playback.
ACPI: ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) is an open industry specification
co-developed by Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Microsoft, Phoenix, and Toshiba. ACPI
establishes industry-standard interfaces for OS-directed configuration and power
management on laptops, desktops, and servers.
APIC: APIC (advanced programmable interrupt controller)
application: Computer software that performs a task or set of tasks, such as word
processing or drawing. Applications are also referred to as programs.
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange, an encoding system for
converting keyboard characters and instructions into the binary number code that
the computer understands.
ASIC: short for Application-Specific Integrated Circuit, a chip designed for a particular
application (as opposed to the integrated circuits that control functions such as RAM
in a PC). ASICs are built by connecting existing circuit building blocks in new ways.
Since the building blocks already exist in a library, it is much easier to produce a new
ASIC than to design a new chip from scratch.
B
bandwidth: The capacity of a networked connection. Bandwidth determines how much data
can be sent along the networked wires. Bandwidth is particularly important for
Internet connections, since greater bandwidth also means faster downloads.
BIOS: BIOS, in computing, stands for basic input/output system. BIOS refers to the
software code run by a computer when first powered on. The primary function of
BIOS is to prepare the machine so other software programs stored on various media
(such as hard drives, floppies, and CDs) can load, execute, and assume control of
the computer.