111
Copyright © 2015 ORMET S.p.A.
e) Internal and external wear
Wear of the wires is another cause that can lead to the rope replacement. The flattening of
wires due to wear anticipates their imminent breakage. In the presence of worn wires, the time
between inspections must be shortened and the check of broken wires must take into
consideration wires whose diameter is visibly reduced by 50% compared to the original value.
Wear affects the rope strength and when the rope external diameter is at least 7% smaller than
the nominal diameter, replacement is necessary even though no wire breakage is visible. Wear
can be:
- Internal wear and nicks caused by the friction between the single strands and wires of the
rope.
- External wear: rubbing under pressure of the rope against the races of the sheaves and the
winches. This phenomenon can be mainly noticed in moving ropes, on the points where they
come into contact with the sheave, when the load is starting to be hoisted/lowered or during
the braking phase, and when the rope shows a flattening of the external wire surface.
To prevent wear, lubricate the rope appropriately and reduce the presence of sand and dust as
much as possible.
f) Internal and external corrosion
The indications in the paragraph above apply also in this case, adopting even tighter criteria of
caution because corrosion reduces the diameter of the wires and causes more serious
deterioration than wear. Evaluation of internal corrosion requires expertise; clamps have to be
used to open the strands with a careful untwisting manoeuvre. Corrosion reduces breaking
strength due to the wire rope section thinning but also speeds up fatigue phenomena thus
causing unevenness of the surface. Corrosion can be:
- External, detected by the unaided eye.
- Internal. More difficult to detect, it can be identified from the following phenomena:
a) Variation of the rope diameter.
b) Smaller space between the strands on the rope external layer.
In case of suspected internal corrosion, the rope must undergo an internal inspection to be
carried out by an expert and, if the inspection identifies corrosion, the rope must be immediately
replaced.
g) Deformation
The deformation of the rope is a distortion visible to the unaided eye in comparison with the
rope regular composition. Several types of distortion exist and they can be defined depending
on their aspect:
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Содержание SPX424C+
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