Newmac BC 160, Инструкция по установке, эксплуатации и обслуживанию

Страница: 13 / 50

12
insulated, pre-fabricated metal chimney has the least serious creosote problems; its insulation helps
maintain higher temperatures on its inner surface, and its low heat capacity allows it to warm up very
quickly after a fire is started. Masonry chimneys frequently accumulate deposits at the beginnings of fires
and their interior surfaces take a longer time to warm because the construction is so massive. Any type
of chimney which runs up the outside of a house is more susceptible to creosote problems than the same
type of chimney rising in the houses’ interior, due to the cooling effect of the colder outdoor air on the
exterior chimney.
Average flue gas temperatures can be increased by minimizing the length of stove pipe connecting the
stoves to the chimney. This, of course, will also decrease the energy efficiency of the system, and its
often true that measures which decrease creosote formation also decrease heating efficiency.
For
instance, stoves which have energy efficiencies due to their relatively good heat transfer (e.g. the Sevca,
lange 6303 and double barrel stoves) are more likely to have chimney creosote problems precisely
because they do such a good job extracting heat from the flue gases.
Generally creosote is inevitable and must be lived with. Any kind of chimney deposit decreases the
system’s heating efficiency. Soot and dried creosote accumulations have a significant insulating effect;
less of the heat in the flue gases is transferred into a house through dirty stovepipe and chimneys.
The most annoying problem can be creosote dripping from a stovepipe or chimney, and the most
dangerous problem is chimney fires, during which the creosote, or its pyrolyzed residue, burns.
Creosote dripping can usually be eliminated. Joints in vertical segments of stovepipe will not leak if, at
the joints, the smaller, crimped ends always stick down into the receiving end. (Smoke will not leak out of
the joints due to this direction of overlap.) Since this is not the usual orientation for stovepipe, a double
male fitting may be necessary at some point to connect the stovepipe to the stove, a prefabricated
chimney, or a rain cap. Special drip-proof adapters are available for connecting some sizes of stovepipe
to Metalbestos brand pre-fabricated chimneys. Common types of stove pipe elbows can leak creosote
due to their swivel joints; rigid and accordion-type leakproof elbows are available. Horizontal or gently
sloping sections of stove pipe should be oriented so their seams are on top. Joints between horizontal
pipes and/or fittings are the most difficult to seal against dripping. A good high-temperature sealant can
sometimes help, but is not guarantee. The joint must also be snug, and well secured with sheet-metal
screws. If all joints are made leak-proof, then the creosote will generally drip into the stove, where, when
the fire is hot, it will be burned.
Chimney fires occur when the combustible deposits on the inside of a chimney burn. The deposits may
be ‘raw’ creosote, pyrolyzed creosote, or soot.
Ignition requires adequate oxygen, which is usually
available, and sufficiently high temperatures the same conditions are for the ignition and combustion of
any fuel. Chimney fires are most likely to occur during a very hot fire, as when cardboard or Christmas
tree branches are burned, or even when a stove burns normal wood, but at a higher than normal rate. A
crackling sound can often be heard at the beginning of a chimney fire. As the intensity of the fire rises,
the stove pipe will sometimes shake violently, air will be very forcefully drawn in through the stove, and
the stove pipe may glow red hot. A tall plume of flame and sparks can be seen rising from the top of
uncapped chimneys.
The most effective way to suppress a chimney fire is to limit its air supply although both water and salt are
sometimes suggested. If a relatively air-tight stove is the connected appliance, this is easily done by closing
the stove’s air-inlet dampers, if all the stove pipe and/or chimney joints are tight, and if no other appliance is
connected to the same flue.
In a properly designed and maintained chimney, the only potential hazard related to chimney fires is ignition of
the building’s roof or surroundings due to sparks and burning embers coming out of the top of the chimney. A
spark arresting screen can decrease, but not eliminate this possibility, but spark screens themselves are often
not suitable for use with wood fuel because they can become clogged. The chimney itself and the stove pipe, when
properly installed, are intended to withstand an occasional chimney fire without danger of ignition of their
surroundings. During a chimney fire check the roof and surroundings and possibly wet down critical areas. If the
chimney may not be up to safety standards, one should also keep a close watch on all surfaces near the chimney.
Some people start chimney fires fairly frequently, as a means of chimney cleaning. This deters very intense chimney
fires and the small ones which do happen are always under a watchfull eye.
Under some circumstances, this
practice may be reasonable, but generally it is a risky method to keep a chimney clean. There is always some
danger of a house fire, but in addition, any chimney fire is wearing on a chimney; the high temperatures increase the
corrosion rate of metals and the thermal expansion of masonry materials encourage crack formation and growth.