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5. Operating Principles

5.1

EDDY-CURRENT DYNAMOMETERS (WB)

Magtrol Eddy-current Dynamometers carry the designation of "WB" which stands for "Wirbelstrom-
Bremse" in German (Wirbelstrom = Eddy-current, bremse = brake). Eddy-currents are circular
currents induced in conductors crossing a magnetic field. These currents generate electromagnetic
forces acting against the movement of the rotor.

In the WB Eddy-current Dynamometer, the moving part is a toothed cylindrical rotor. The magnetic
field is created by coils powered by a DC current source. The magnetic flux flows through the rotor
teeth—not the air gap—creating magnetized and non-magnetized areas within the stator. During
rotation, the rotor teeth generate Eddy currents in the stator which create a braking force. The kinetic
heat generated in this process is absorbed by the stator cooling circuit.

The braking torque depends upon the rotational speed and increases with increasing speed. At a
standstill, the torque is zero. To be able to measure a starting torque with this dynamometer, it is
necessary to block both the stator and the rotor. In this case, the dynamometer ceases to rotate and
the tested motor’s torque is integrally transmitted to the dynamometer measuring cell.

5.2

MAGNETIC POWDER DYNAMOMETERS (PB)

Magtrol magnetic powder dynamometers carry the designation of "PB" which stands for
"Pulverbremse" in German (Pulver = powder).

In the PB Magnetic Powder Dynamometer, the magnetic field generated by a DC current passing
through the coils magnetizes the ferromagnetic powder. This powder is located in the gap between
the toothed rotor and the stator of the brake. Due to the action of the magnetic field, some columns
build up which generate friction between the rotor teeth and the stator surface.

By varying the coil current, the braking torque can be varied continuously.

5.3

WB VS. PB

Mechanically, PB and WB dynamometers are quite similar and only differ by their size and the
shape of the rotor teeth.

Fundamentally, the difference between an Eddy-current and a magnetic powder dynamometer lies
in the fact that the maximum braking torque of the later is already available at standstill. On the
other hand, the friction generated in magnetic powder brakes limits the speed of the dynamometer
at lower levels to prevent premature wear and powder dispersion into the bearings due to centrifugal
forces.

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Содержание WB Series

Страница 1: ...User s Manual WB and PB Series Eddy Current and Magnetic Powder Dynamometers Via Paolo Uccello 4 20148 Milano Tel 39 02 48 009 757 Fax 39 02 48 002 070 info dspmindustria it www dspmindustria it...

Страница 2: ...ny part of the contents of this manual without the express permission of Magtrol is strictly prohibited Purchase Record Please record all model numbers and serial numbers of your Magtrol equipment alo...

Страница 3: ...ive Systems can be found in Section 2 8 Protective Systems 4 Always select a coupling that matches the speed and braking torque of the tested system 5 Wear protective glasses when working on a test be...

Страница 4: ...3 1 3 1 2 04 21 15 1st Edition rev E Remove WB2 7 HS version 1 2 1 04 21 15 1st Edition rev E Remove the 1WB2 7 dynamometer 1 2 1 2 10 6 1 2 05 26 14 1st Edition rev D Data sheets updated 1 2 02 26 14...

Страница 5: ...INDUCED BY THE TEST BENCH 47 2 3 COUPLINGS 48 2 4 MEASURING RANGE 49 2 5 DRAG TORQUE 49 2 6 TOLERATED RADIAL AND AXIAL FORCES 49 2 7 CONNECTING THE COOLING SYSTEM 50 2 8 PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS 50 2 9 POW...

Страница 6: ...CONNECTION 70 4 3 3 SPEED SIGNAL CONNECTION 71 5 OPERATING PRINCIPLES 72 5 1 EDDY CURRENT DYNAMOMETERS WB 72 5 2 MAGNETIC POWDER DYNAMOMETERS PB 72 5 3 WB VS PB 72 6 CALIBRATION 73 6 1 BASIC CALIBRATI...

Страница 7: ...h M TEST Software 65 Figure 4 3 Tandem Configuration 66 Figure 4 4 Supply Cable Between 24 VDC Transformer and DES Power Supply 67 Figure 4 5 Control Signal Cable for WB PB 2 7 and 43 Tandem Dynamomet...

Страница 8: ...o facilitate understanding through reiteration The structure of the manual is as follows Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Contains technical data sheets of all Magtrol WB PB Series Dynamometers which describe t...

Страница 9: ...is is used to draw the operator s attention to information directives procedures etc which if ignored may result in damage being caused to the material being used The associated text describes the nec...

Страница 10: ...viii Magtrol WB PB Dynamometers Preface This page was intentionally left blank...

Страница 11: ...able to be operated at high speeds However as their braking torque is proportional to their speed they cannot be used at low speeds The PB Series Dynamometers feature magnetic powder brakes and are th...

Страница 12: ...micromotors for cameras small fans dental drills geared motors small reduction gears pneumatic equipment hydraulictransmissionsystemsandmotorsforsmall domestic appliances Motor testing sYsteMs Magtrol...

Страница 13: ...ers can be complemented by various electronic modules such as the DES 410 Power Supply TSC 401 Torque Speed Conditioner and DSP7000 High Speed Programmable Dynamometer Controller Magtrol also offers I...

Страница 14: ...sor with a 30 bit pulse wheel delivered as standard Cooling Water Consumption For all WB models 30 l kWh at t 30 C Metric 8 gal kWh at t 86 F US 1000 100 10 1000 100 10 100 1000 10 000 50 000 rpm 15 9...

Страница 15: ...100 10 10 100 1000 10 000 3000 rpm 320 rpm 100 000 Speed Limit for PB Rotation Speed rpm Torque mN m Power W 4 PB 2 7 8 TORQUE 2 PB 2 7 8 TORQUE 1 PB 2 7 8 TORQUE The PB Powder Dynamometers contain a...

Страница 16: ...7 0 252 0 39 0 39 3 WB 2 7 8 K mm 186 146 104 8h5 12 20 190 210 6 4 10 10 in 7 32 5 75 4 09 0 3148 0 3149 0 47 0 79 7 48 8 27 0 252 0 39 0 39 4 WB 2 7 8 K 4 PB 2 7 8 K mm 210 170 128 8h5 20 190 210 6...

Страница 17: ...3149 1 42 0 79 7 48 8 27 0 252 0 39 0 39 2 PB 2 7 8 mm 162 122 80 8h5 24 20 190 210 6 4 10 10 in 6 38 4 8 3 15 0 3148 0 3149 0 94 0 79 7 48 8 27 0 252 0 39 0 39 4 PB 2 7 8 mm 210 170 128 8h5 20 190 2...

Страница 18: ...ked rotor testing is available for the WB Dynamometer orDering inForMation If one of the listed options is desired please follow the dynamometer model see table above with a dash and then the appropri...

Страница 19: ...and held drills windshield wiper motors servomotors fans geared motors reduction gears pneumatic equipment hydraulic transmission systems and motors for domestic appliances Motor testing sYsteMs Magtr...

Страница 20: ...a unique non contact differential transformer torque measuring technology providing extremely accurate torque and speed measurement with superior electrical noise immunity For a dynamic high precisio...

Страница 21: ...1000 10 000 50 000 rpm 9550 rpm 100 000 Speed Limit for WB Rotation Speed rpm Torque N m Power kW 2 W B 43 TO RQ UE 1 W B 43 TO RQ UE 2 W B 4 3 P O W E R 1 W B 4 3 P O W E R Optical Speed Sensor Each...

Страница 22: ...to be tested can be loaded at standstill to determine the starting torque poWDer DYnaMoMeter operating principles pB torque speeD poWer curves The diagram below shows the characteristic curves for th...

Страница 23: ...Weight 1 WB 43 1 PB 43 mm 202 25 125 0 05 198 524 145 4h9 15 80 46 153 24 kg in 7 95 0 98 4 923 4 919 7 80 20 63 5 71 0 1574 0 1563 0 59 3 15 1 81 6 02 52 91 lb 2 WB 43 2 PB 43 mm 202 25 125 0 05 198...

Страница 24: ...curves for the 43 Series Tandem Dynamometers Speed Limit for Tandem 43 Rotation Speed rpm Torque N m Power kW 2 WB 43 EK 2 PB 43 TORQUE 2 WB 43 EK 1 PB 43 TORQUE 2 W B 43 EK 2 PB 43 POW ER 2 W B 4 3...

Страница 25: ...09 9 84 1 18 Model units R S T V W X Y AA BB CC DD GG Weight 2 WB 43 EK 1 PB 43 mm 140 0 03 213 524 4h9 15 80 61 240 12 52 43 200 55 kg in 5 513 5 511 8 39 20 63 0 1574 0 1563 0 59 3 15 2 40 9 45 0 4...

Страница 26: ...ms are equipped with a 30 bit optical speed sensor On PB Dynamometers a 600 bit or 6000 bit speed pickup encoder is available as an option for low speed applications orDering inForMation If one of the...

Страница 27: ...ower tools windshield wiper motors servomotors fans geared motors reduction gears pneumatic equipment hydraulic transmission systems motors for domestic appliances starter motors gas turbines and turb...

Страница 28: ...citation Torque TSC 401 Torque Speed Conditioner DES Power Supply Speed Eddy Current WB OR Powder Brake PB Dynamometer USB PC M TEST Excitation Torque TSC 401 Torque Speed Conditioner DES Power Supply...

Страница 29: ...1 100 1000 10 000 30 000 rpm 5730 rpm 100 000 Speed Limit for WB Rotation Speed rpm Torque N m Power kW 2 WB 65 TORQUE 1 WB 65 TORQUE 2 W B 6 5 P O W E R 1 W B 6 5 P O W E R Optical Speed Sensor Each...

Страница 30: ...be tested can be loaded at standstill to determine the starting torque poWDer DYnaMoMeter operating principles pB torque speeD poWer curves The diagram below shows the characteristic curves for the 6...

Страница 31: ...65 mm 300 225 112 18h6 22 36 260 310 342 11 17 17 250 in 11 81 8 86 4 41 0 7086 0 7083 0 87 1 42 10 24 12 2 13 46 0 43 0 67 0 67 9 84 2WB 65 2 PB 65 mm 370 295 182 18h6 22 36 330 380 412 11 17 17 250...

Страница 32: ...tic curves for the 65 Series Tandem Dynamometers Speed Limit for Tandem 65 Rotation Speed rpm Torque N m Power kW 2 WB 65 EK 2 PB 65 TORQUE 2 WB 65 EK 1 PB 65 TORQUE 2 W B 6 5 E K 2 P B 6 5 P O W E R...

Страница 33: ...t in kg Model units A D F G H J K L M N P R S 2 WB 65 EK 1 PB 65 mm 370 18h6 36 330 590 690 13 50 20 340 380 235 0 02 325 in 14 57 0 7086 0 7083 1 42 12 99 23 23 27 17 0 51 1 97 0 79 13 39 14 96 9 260...

Страница 34: ...are equipped with a 60 bit optical speed sensor On PB Dynamometers a 600 bit or 6000 bit speed pickup encoder is available as an option for low speed applications orDering inForMation If one of the l...

Страница 35: ...engines hand held drills servomotors fans geared motors reduction gears pneumatic equipment hydraulic transmission systems starter motors gas turbines and turbocompressors Motor testing systeMs Magtr...

Страница 36: ...y a unique non contact differential transformer torque measuring technology providing extremely accurate torque and speed measurement with superior electrical noise immunity For a dynamic high precisi...

Страница 37: ...100 0 1 1 100 2865 rpm 10 10 18 000 rpm Speed limit for WB 2 W B 115 TORQUE 1 W B 115 TORQUE Rotation Speed rpm Torque N m Power kW 2 W B 1 1 5 P O W E R 1 W B 1 1 5 P O W E R Optical Speed Sensor Ea...

Страница 38: ...ement to be tested can be loaded at standstill to determine the starting torque poWDer DynaMoMeter operating principles pB torque speeD poWer curves The diagram below shows the characteristic curves f...

Страница 39: ...s Model units A B C D E F G H J K L M N P 1WB 115 1 PB 115 mm 390 280 166 32h6 40 54 360 430 470 11 20 40 200 280 in 15 35 11 02 6 54 1 2598 1 2593 1 57 2 13 14 17 16 93 18 50 0 43 0 79 1 57 7 87 11 0...

Страница 40: ...for Tandem 115 Rotation Speed rpm Torque N m Power kW 2 WB 115 EK 2 PB 115 2 W B 115 2 W B 115 2 WB 115 EK 1 PB 115 2 W B 115 EK 2 PB 115 2 W B 115 EK 1 PB 115 100 1000 10 1 100 1000 10 1 10 1000 100...

Страница 41: ...84 12 20 5 31 10 244 10 228 2WB 115 EK 2 PB 115 mm 500 32h6 4 54 388 795 1025 13 115 35 250 310 135 260 0 2 in 19 69 1 2598 1 2593 0 16 2 13 15 28 31 30 40 35 0 51 4 53 1 38 9 84 12 20 5 31 10 244 10...

Страница 42: ...000 bit speed pickup encoder is available as an option for low speed applications Mechanical Rotor Blocking Device MB A mechanical rotor blocking device which allows locked rotor testing is available...

Страница 43: ...gines servomotors geared motors reduction gears pneumatic equipment hydraulic transmission systems starter motors electromagnetic clutches gas turbines and turbocompressors Motor testing systeMs Magtr...

Страница 44: ...a unique non contact differential transformer torque measuring technology providing extremely accurate torque and speed measurement with superior electrical noise immunity For a dynamic high precisio...

Страница 45: ...ion Speed rpm Torque N m Power kW 4 WB 15 TORQUE 3 WB 15 TORQUE 2 WB 15 TORQUE 1 WB 15 TORQUE 4 W B 1 5 P O W E R 3 W B 1 5 P O W E R 2 W B 1 5 P O W E R 1 W B 1 5 P O W E R Optical Speed Sensor Each...

Страница 46: ...be tested can be loaded at standstill to determine the starting torque poWDer DynaMoMeter operating principles pB torque speeD poWer curves The diagram below shows the characteristic curves for the 1...

Страница 47: ...59 1 18 2 95 9 84 15 75 3WB 15 mm 844 670 450 42g6 78 68 840 940 1000 15 30 75 250 400 in 33 23 26 38 17 72 1 6531 1 6526 3 07 2 68 33 07 37 01 39 37 0 59 1 18 2 95 9 84 15 75 4WB 15 4 PB 15 mm 994 8...

Страница 48: ...Series Tandem Dynamometers Speed Limit for Tandem 15 Rotation Speed rpm Torque N m Power kW 4 WB 15 EK 4 PB 15 TORQUE 4 WB 15 EK 2 PB 15 TORQUE 4 WB 15 EK 1 PB 15 TORQUE 4 W B 15 EK 4 PB 15 POW ER 4 W...

Страница 49: ...1576 31 lb 4WB 15 EK 2 PB 15 mm 1030 12 48 225 125 694 14 260 117 270 0 1 555 521 521 820 kg in 40 55 0 47 1 89 8 86 4 92 27 32 0 55 10 24 4 61 10 634 10 626 21 85 20 51 20 51 1807 79 lb 4WB 15 EK 4...

Страница 50: ...tor Blocking Device MB A mechanical rotor blocking device which allows locked rotor testing is available for the WB Dynamometer Example 1 pB 15 Dg 6000 Dynamometer Model orDering inForMation If one of...

Страница 51: ...recision instrument which must be protected from shocks during transport in order to guaranty the measurement repeatability Therefore all Magtrol WB PB Dynamometers are fitted with a locking system in...

Страница 52: ...irst be unlocked The shipping restraining pin of the locking system is found on the lower part of the brake Proceed as follows and refer to figure 2 1 to unlock the dynamometer 1 Loosen the fixing scr...

Страница 53: ...to get the load cell operational Proceed as follows and refer to figure 2 2 Caution While tightening the screw keep the wrench parallel to the vertical connecting rod to avoid load cell overload 1 In...

Страница 54: ...uring transport After installing the dynamometer on the test bench proceed as follows and refer to figure 2 3 to unlock the system 1 Loosen the two nuts 2 Unscrew the two screws with three turns 3 Tig...

Страница 55: ...uring transport After installing the dynamometer on the test bench proceed as follows and refer to figure 2 4 to unlock the system 1 Loosen the two nuts 2 Unscrew the two screws with three turns 3 Tig...

Страница 56: ...he dynamometer with three turns 2 Unscrew the nuts on each side of the dynamometer until they touch the nuts A minimum clearance of 0 4 mm between the nuts and the dynamometer locking device is reques...

Страница 57: ...The higher the speed of the test the more care must be taken when performing the alignment The maximum tolerated misalignment depends on the selected coupling With high speed Eddy current dynamometer...

Страница 58: ...and the dynamometer For all Magtrol WB PB Series Dynamometers it is advisable to employ a twin dual disc coupling clamped onto the shaft keys as shown in the figure below Figure 2 6 Couplings Using Ke...

Страница 59: ...of the bearings as well as an increase of the drag torque The following table shows the maximum axial and radial forces the WB PB Series Dynamometer can support without being damaged Series Standard v...

Страница 60: ...eets see Section 1 2 They must be fitted to the dynamometer using a metal ring Also check for correct water flow direction The cooling water input is marked Cooling water inlet on the dynamometer hous...

Страница 61: ...ters Chapter 2 Installation Mounting Figure 2 7 shows a good example of a protective system All parts of the bench are accessible but the covers prevent any risk to the user when closed Figure 2 7 Exa...

Страница 62: ...examination is performed This can lead to a premature degradation of the bearing lubricant or to defects of the insulation of coils generating the magnetic field Converesely dynamometers should never...

Страница 63: ...100 000 Speed Limit for PB Rotation Speed rpm Torque mN m Power W 4 PB 2 7 8 TORQUE 2 PB 2 7 8 TORQUE 1 PB 2 7 8 TORQUE Figure 2 9 PB 2 7 Ratings Curve 10 1 0 1 10 1 0 1 100 1000 10 000 50 000 rpm 95...

Страница 64: ...Speed rpm Torque N m Power kW 2 PB 43 TORQUE 1 PB 43 TORQUE 2 PB 43 POW ER 1 PB 43 POW ER Figure 2 11 PB 43 Ratings Curve 10 100 1 0 1 10 100 1 0 1 100 1000 10 000 30 000 rpm 5730 rpm 100 000 Speed L...

Страница 65: ...d rpm Torque N m Power kW 2 PB 65 TORQUE 1 PB 65 TORQUE 2 PB 65 POW ER 1 PB 65 POW ER Figure 2 13 PB 65 Ratings Curve 100 1000 10 000 100 000 0 1 1 100 0 1 1 100 2865 rpm 10 10 18 000 rpm Speed limit...

Страница 66: ...5 P O W E R 1 P B 1 1 5 P O W E R 2 PB 115 TORQUE 1 PB 115 TORQUE Figure 2 15 PB 115 Ratings Curve 100 1000 10 1 100 1000 10 1 10 100 1000 7500 rpm 2390 rpm 10 000 Speed Limit for WB Rotation Speed r...

Страница 67: ...00 10 000 100 10 10 100 1 0 1 10 10 100 1000 2000 rpm 382 rpm 10 000 Speed Limit for PB Rotation Speed rpm Torque N m Power kW 4 PB 15 TORQUE 2 PB 15 TORQUE 1 PB 15 TORQUE 4 P B 1 5 P O W E R 2 P B 1...

Страница 68: ...nput is marked Cooling water inlet on the dynamometer housing The other nipple is used for the water outlet Check for correct connections 3 1 2 Water Flow and Pressure The required cooling water flow...

Страница 69: ...s low installation cost This solution is acceptable if there are no restrictions on water supply and if the available water is clean 3 2 1 Example The simplest example of an open circuit cooling syste...

Страница 70: ...specific additives to avoid proliferation of living organisms and to protect against corrosion and mineral deposits 3 3 1 Example A closed circuit cooling system simply requires a water tank in which...

Страница 71: ...r temperature increase of 10 C 50 F multiplies the corrosion effect by a factor of two or even four 3 4 2 Hardness The following table indicates the water hardness in German degrees dH The total hardn...

Страница 72: ...or 120 F This valve must constantly guaranty a flow rate in order to get enough water flowing to the dynamometer safety thermostat 3 4 5 Water Inhibitors In order to prevent scale from forming in clo...

Страница 73: ...ng a PB Series Magnetic Powder Dynamometer the condensation oxidizes the powder which leads to a decrease of the braking torque This happens very quickly and forces the user to send the dynamometer ba...

Страница 74: ...an also be accessed at Magtrol s Web site www magtrol com Refer to these documents for additional information on connecting the WB PB Series Dynamometer to Magtrol motor testing electronics 4 1 1 Manu...

Страница 75: ...d Conditioner DES Power Supply Speed Eddy Current WB OR Powder Brake PB Dynamometer DSP7001 Dynamometer Controller Figure 4 2 PC Based Test Configuration with M TEST Software Note Magtrol s M TEST Sof...

Страница 76: ...also autonomously operate according to its own characteristics Tandem Dynamometers are available on a number of PB WB combinations Refer to the corresponding data sheets in Section 1 2 for speed and...

Страница 77: ...rmation brown blue yellow green brown blue yellow green Figure 4 4 Supply Cable Between 24 VDC Transformer and DES Power Supply Connect the electrical cable to terminal 3 brown lead and 4 blue lead of...

Страница 78: ...ometer torque depends exclusively on the excitation current whereas the torque of a WB Series Dynamometer is determined by both the excitation current and its speed Therefore with WB Dynamometers the...

Страница 79: ...PB 2 7 Dynamometer Power 1 2 3 4 1 Temperature A 2 Temperature B 3 Supply 4 Supply Figure 4 8 Connector Pin Configuration for WB PB 43 Dynamometer Power and Temperature Measurement C B A D A Supply B...

Страница 80: ...Supply Figure 4 10 Connector Pin Configuration for WB PB 2 7 and 43 Dynamometer Torque Signals Note The use of shielded cable is mandatory Connect cable shielding to the connector housing D C B E A A...

Страница 81: ...the system to 10 000 rpm If the testing application requires Magtrol can offer a speed sensor providing 6 000 impulses per revolution This provides a higher resolution but limits the speed to 1000 rp...

Страница 82: ...d the rotor In this case the dynamometer ceases to rotate and the tested motor s torque is integrally transmitted to the dynamometer measuring cell 5 2 MAGNETIC POWDER DYNAMOMETERS PB Magtrol magnetic...

Страница 83: ...calibration arms are delivered with each Magtrol WB PB Series Dynamometer These arms are inserted into the threaded holes found on each side of the stator See Figure 6 1 Calibration Arm Mounting Each...

Страница 84: ...30 0 30 3 WB 2 7 8 K 0 45 0 45 4 WB 2 7 8 K 0 60 0 60 1 PB 2 7 8 K 0 60 0 60 2 PB 2 7 8 K 1 20 1 20 4 PB 2 7 8 K 2 40 2 40 1 WB 43 0 6 1 5 2 WB 43 1 2 3 1 PB 43 2 5 2 PB 43 4 10 1 WB 65 2 10 2 WB 65...

Страница 85: ...ometer shaft must rotate freely the motor must be disconnected 3 Hang the calibration weight from one of the calibration arms Note Use outer groove to achieve calibration in N m when using weight in k...

Страница 86: ...of the nominal torque 6 4 1 WB PB 43 Series Figure 6 2 WB PB 43 Overload Protection Calibration 1 Mount the calibration arms See Section 6 1 1 Calibration Arms 2 Place 100 of the calibration weight on...

Страница 87: ...ecrease the torque slightly 4 Place 200 of the calibration weight on the arm on the connector side 5 Adjust the screw so that the display indicates 150 of the nominal torque 6 Tighten the nut 7 Move t...

Страница 88: ...decrease the torque slightly 4 Place 200 of the calibration weight on the arm on the connector side 5 Adjust the screw so that the display indicates 150 of the nominal torque 6 Tighten the nut 7 Move...

Страница 89: ...REPAIR In case of a defect please refer to both the Warranty and Service Information located at the back of this manual Whether you are directed to ship your equipment back to Magtrol Inc in the Unite...

Страница 90: ...rement and Control of Torque Speed Power Load Force Weight Tension Displacement WB PB US 09 15 Via Paolo Uccello 4 20148 Milano Tel 39 02 48 009 757 Fax 39 02 48 002 070 info dspmindustria it www dspm...

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