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Table 3-2 Characteristics of Organic Solvents
Polarity
E
2
(Al
2
O
3
)
Viscosity
(cP20
C)
Refractive
Index
UV Cut
off (nm)
Flash
Point (
C)
Ignition Point
Vapor
Density
(Air: 1)
Boiling
Point (
C)
Specific
Gravity
(Water: 1)
C
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Fluoroalkanes
-0.25
1.25
n-Pentane
0.00
0.23
1.358
210
< -40
308.9
1.5
7.8
2.5
36.1
0.6
Hexane
0.00
1.375
210
-21.7
233.9
1.2
7.5
3.0
68.9
0.7
Isooctane
0.01
1.404
210
Petroleum ether
0.01
0.3
210
n-Decane
0.04
0.92
1.412
46.1
207.8
0.8
5.4
4.9
173.9
0.7
Cyclohexane
0.04
1.00
1.427
210
-20
260
1.3
8
2.9
81.7
0.8
Cyclopentane
0.05
0.47
1.406
210
Diisobutylene
0.06
1.411
210
i-Pentene
0.08
1.371
-17.8
272.8
1.5
8.7
2.4
30
0.7
Carbon disulfide
0.15
0.37
1.626
380
-30
100
1.3
44
2.6
46.1
1.3
Carbon tetrachloride
0.18
0.97
1.466
265
Amyl chloride
0.26
0.43
1.413
225
12.8
343.3
1.6
8.6
3.7
106.1
0.9
Butyl chloride
0.26
1.436
220
-9.4
460
1.8
10.1
3.2
0.9
0.81
†
o-17.2
463.9
1.0
6.0
144.4
Xylene
0.26
0.61
†
~ 1.50
290
m-25
527.8
1.1
7.0
3.7
138.9
0.9
0.64
†
p-25
528.9
1.1
7.0
138.3
i-Propyl ether
0.28
1.368
220
-27.8
443.3
1.4
21
3.5
68.9
0.7
i-Propyl chloride
0.29
0.37
1.378
225
-32.2
593.3
2.8
10.7
2.7
35
0.9
Toluene
0.29
0.33
1.496
285
4.4
536.1
1.4
6.7
3.1
110.6
0.9
n-Propyl chloride
0.30
0.59
1.389
225
< -17.8
2.6
11.1
2.7
46.1
0.9
Chlorobenzene
0.30
0.35
1.525
32.2
637.8
1.3
7.1
3.9
132.2
1.1
Benzene
0.32
0.80
1.501
280
-11.1
562.2
1.4
7.1
2.8
80
0.9
Ethyl bromide
0.37
0.65
1.424
511.1
6.7
11.3
3.8
37.8
1.4
Ethyl ether
0.38
1.353
220
-45
180
1.9
48
2.6
35
0.7
Ethyl sulfide
0.38
0.23
1.442
290
Chloroform
0.40
0.45
1.443
245
Methylene chloride
0.42
0.57
1.424
245
-50
518.9
3.8
15.4
2.2
38.5
0.9
Methyl i-butyl ketone
0.43
0.44
1.394
330
Tetrahydrofurane
0.45
1.408
220
-14.4
321.1
2
11.8
2.5
66.1
0.9
Ethylene dichloride
0.49
1.445
230
13.3
412.3
6.2
16
3.4
83.9
1.3
Methyl ethyl ketone
0.51
0.79
1.381
330
-6.1
515.6
1.8
10
2.5
80
0.8
i-Nitropropane
0.53
1.400
380
48.9
420.6
2.6
3.1
131.1
1.0
Acetone
0.56
1.359
220
-17.8
537.8
2.6
12.8
2.0
56.7
0.8
Dioxane
0.56
0.32
1.422
260
12.2
180
2.0
22
3.0
101.1
1.0
Ethyl acetate
0.58
1.54
1.370
260
4.4
460
1.8
8
3.5
90
0.9
Methyl acetate
0.60
0.45
1.362
210
-10
501.7
3.1
16
2.6
60
0.9
Amyl alcohol
0.61
0.37
1.410
32.8
300
1.2
10.0
3.0
137.8
0.8
Dimethyl sulfoxide
0.62
4.1
Aniline
0.62
2.24
1.586
70
617.2
1.3
3.2
184.4
1.0
Dimethyl amine
0.63
4.4
1.387
275
< -17.8
312.2
1.8
10.1
2.5
56.7
0.7
Nitromethane
0.64
0.38
1.394
380
35
418.3
7.3
2.1
101.1
1.1
Acetonitrile
0.65
0.67
1.344
210
5.6
1.4
81.7
0.8
Pyridine
0.71
0.37
1.510
305
20
1.8
12.4
2.7
115
1.0
Butyl cellosolve
0.74
0.94
220
i-Propanol n-Propanol
0.82
1.38
210
11.7
398.9
2.0
12
2.1
82.8
0.8
Ethanol
0.88
2.3
1.361
210
12.8
422.8
4.3
19
1.6
78.3
0.8
Methanol
0.95
1.20
1.329
210
11.1
463.9
7.3
36
1.1
63.9
0.8
Ethylene glycol
1.11
0.60
1.427
210
111.1
412.8
3.2
197.2
1.1
Acetic acid
Large
19.9
1.372
Water
Large
1.26
1.333
Salts & buffer
Larger
* L.R.Snyd
ar, Dekker. “Principles of Adsorption Chromatography”
†
The Handbook of Chemistry, 2nd ed., The Chemical Society of Japan
Solvent with low boiling point as shown in cannot be used.
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