![background image](http://html.mh-extra.com/html/harvard-bioscience/btx-hybrimune/btx-hybrimune_user-manual_601890039.webp)
39
Hybrimune Hybridoma Production System
Publication 015-1010191 Rev 4.0 • www.btxonline.com
The Hybrimune voltage waveform generator uses the definition
of Peak Voltage or Vpk. The table below shows the relationship
between the various definitions. Also included is the standard
USA mains voltage. Note: the 120 V (240 in many other countries)
rating on appliances is actually rms. The bottom of the table
shows that peak-to-peak at the wall socket (power mains) is
actually 340 volts.
5. The initial alignment must be done slowly and
deliberately so good alignments can be
produced. However if a small force is used to
align as required then compression will not
occur. This still leaves the function of
compression to increase the surface contact
between adjacent cells to increase the
probability of a successful fusion pair. After
alignment the cells will be in contact
tangentially but not compressed. The solution
to this problem is to use a non-linear AC
amplitude. The first part of the AC sine wave
will be low amplitude and then immediately
increase the amplitude to compress while the
cells are in contact. The alignment chains are
much less likely to break up at this point since
they have cells touching on each side. The
Hybrimune voltage waveform generator will
produce a number of these types of
waveforms. These are described below.
6. Care has to be taken with the amount of time
the AC sine wave is applied. If left on too long
the current will heat up the medium like the
heating element in a coffee maker. Heat causes
convection currents which in turn causes the
chains to break apart.
AC Sine Wave Waveforms
The definition of AC sine wave amplitude and frequency is shown in
Figure 18. Electrical engineers use several definitions for amplitude.
As shown half of the sine wave is positive and half is negative. The
concept of average value is meaningless since that
is zero. There are three common definitions in use:
•
Peak Voltage
is the amplitude from zero to the
peak positive or negative value.
•
Peak-to-Peak Voltage
is the value from the
negative peak to the positive peak.
•
rms Voltage
is square root of the mean value
of the sine wave squared, this is the power in
the waveform (root mean squared).
Figure 18: Sine Wave Definition
Vpk-to-pk
Vpk
Vrms
10
5
3.5
20
10
7.1
30
15
10.6
40
20
14.1
50
25
17.7
60
30
21.2
70
35
24.7
80
40
28.3
90
45
31.8
100
50
35.4
110
55
38.9
120
60
42.4
130
65
46.0
140
70
49.5
150
75
53.0
340 (US mains)
170
120
680 (EU mains)
340
240
Cell Electrofusion Tutorial