9
Subject to change without notice
max. deflection coefficient D = 65.1:3.2 = 20.3V/div,
min. deflection coefficient D = 65.1:8 = 8.1V/div,
adjusted deflection coefficient D = 10V/div.
The previous examples are related to the CRT graticule reading.
The results can also be determined with the aid of the DV
cursor measurement (please note “controls and readout”).
The input voltage must not exceed 400V, independent from
the polarity.
If an AC voltage which is superimposed on a DC voltage is
applied, the maximum peak value of both voltages must not
or - 400V. So for AC voltages with a mean value of zero
volt the maximum peak to peak value is 800Vpp.
If attenuator probes with higher limits are used, the probes limits
are valid only if the oscilloscope is set to DC input coupling.
If DC voltages are applied under AC input coupling conditions
the oscilloscope maximum input voltage value remains 400V.
The attenuator consists of a resistor in the probe and the 1M
Ω
input resistor of the oscilloscope, which are disabled by the AC
input coupling capacity when AC coupling is selected. This
also applies to DC voltages with superimposed AC voltages.
It also must be noted that due to the capacitive resistance of
the AC input coupling capacitor, the attenuation ratio depends
on the signal frequency. For sinewave signals with frequencies
higher than 40Hz this influence is negligible.
With the above listed exceptions
HAMEG
10:1 probes can be
used for DC measurements up to 600V or AC voltages (with a
mean value of zero volt) of 1200Vpp. The 100:1 probe
HZ53
allows for 1200V DC or 2400Vpp for AC.
It should be noted that its AC peak value is derated at higher
frequencies. If a normal x10 probe is used to measure high
voltages there is the risk that the compensation trimmer
bridging the attenuator series resistor will break down causing
damage to the input of the oscilloscope. However, if for
example only the residual ripple of a high voltage is to be
displayed on the oscilloscope, a normal x10 probe is sufficient.
In this case, an appropriate high voltage capacitor (approx. 22-
68nF) must be connected in series with the input tip of the
probe.
With
Y-POS.
control (input coupling to
GD
) it is possible to use
a horizontal graticule line as reference line for ground potential
before the measurement. It can lie below or above the horizontal
central line according to whether positive and/or negative
deviations from the ground potential are to be measured.
Total value of input voltage
The dotted line shows a voltage alternating at zero volt level.
If superimposed on a DC voltage, the addition of the positive
peak and the DC voltage results in the max. voltage (DC +
ACpeak).
Time Measurements
As a rule, most signals to be displayed are periodically
repeating processes, also called periods. The number of
periods per second is the repetition frequency. Depending
on the time base setting (TIME/DIV.-knob) indicated by the
readout, one or several signal periods or only a part of a period
can be displayed. The time coefficients are stated in ms/div,
µs/div or ns/div. The following examples are related to the
CRT graticule reading. The results can also be determined
with the aid of the
∆
T and 1/
∆∆∆∆∆
T cursor measurement (please
note “ controls and readout”).
The duration of a signal period or a part of it is determined by
multiplying the relevant time (horizontal distance in div) by the
(calibrated) time coefficient displayed in the readout.
Uncalibrated, the time base speed can be reduced until a
maximum factor of 2.5 is reached. Therefore any intermediate
value is possible within the 1-2-5 sequence.
With the designations
L = displayed wave length in div of one period,
T = time in seconds for one period,
F = recurrence frequency in Hz of the signal,
Tc = time coefficient in ms, µs or ns/div and the relation
F = 1/T, the following equations can be stated:
However, these four values are not freely selectable. They
have to be within the following limits:
L
between 0.2 and 10div, if possible 4 to 10div,
T
between 10ns and 5s,
F
between 0.5Hz and 100MHz,
Tc
between 100ns/div and 500ms/div in 1-2-5 sequence
(with X-MAG. (x10) inactive), and
Tc
between 10ns/div and 50ms/div in 1-2-5 sequence
(with X-MAG. (x10) active).
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
Displayed wavelength L = 7div,
Displayed wavelength L = 7div,
Displayed wavelength L = 7div,
Displayed wavelength L = 7div,
Displayed wavelength L = 7div,
set time coefficient Tc = 100ns/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 100ns/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 100ns/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 100ns/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 100ns/div,
required period T = 7x100x10
required period T = 7x100x10
required period T = 7x100x10
required period T = 7x100x10
required period T = 7x100x10
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
= 0.7µs
= 0.7µs
= 0.7µs
= 0.7µs
= 0.7µs
required rec. freq. F = 1:(0.7x10
required rec. freq. F = 1:(0.7x10
required rec. freq. F = 1:(0.7x10
required rec. freq. F = 1:(0.7x10
required rec. freq. F = 1:(0.7x10
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
) = 1.428MHz.
) = 1.428MHz.
) = 1.428MHz.
) = 1.428MHz.
) = 1.428MHz.
Signal period T = 1s,
Signal period T = 1s,
Signal period T = 1s,
Signal period T = 1s,
Signal period T = 1s,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2s/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2s/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2s/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2s/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2s/div,
required wavelength L = 1:0.2 = 5div.
required wavelength L = 1:0.2 = 5div.
required wavelength L = 1:0.2 = 5div.
required wavelength L = 1:0.2 = 5div.
required wavelength L = 1:0.2 = 5div.
Displayed ripple wavelength L = 1div,
Displayed ripple wavelength L = 1div,
Displayed ripple wavelength L = 1div,
Displayed ripple wavelength L = 1div,
Displayed ripple wavelength L = 1div,
set time coefficient Tc = 10ms/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 10ms/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 10ms/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 10ms/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 10ms/div,
required ripple freq. F = 1:(1x10x10
required ripple freq. F = 1:(1x10x10
required ripple freq. F = 1:(1x10x10
required ripple freq. F = 1:(1x10x10
required ripple freq. F = 1:(1x10x10
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
) = 100Hz.
) = 100Hz.
) = 100Hz.
) = 100Hz.
) = 100Hz.
TV-line frequency F = 15625Hz,
TV-line frequency F = 15625Hz,
TV-line frequency F = 15625Hz,
TV-line frequency F = 15625Hz,
TV-line frequency F = 15625Hz,
set time coefficient Tc = 10µs/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 10µs/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 10µs/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 10µs/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 10µs/div,
required wavelength L = 1:(15 625x10
required wavelength L = 1:(15 625x10
required wavelength L = 1:(15 625x10
required wavelength L = 1:(15 625x10
required wavelength L = 1:(15 625x10
-5
-5
-5
-5
-5
) = 6.4div.
) = 6.4div.
) = 6.4div.
) = 6.4div.
) = 6.4div.
Sine wavelength L = min. 4div, max. 10div,
Sine wavelength L = min. 4div, max. 10div,
Sine wavelength L = min. 4div, max. 10div,
Sine wavelength L = min. 4div, max. 10div,
Sine wavelength L = min. 4div, max. 10div,
Frequency F = 1kHz,
Frequency F = 1kHz,
Frequency F = 1kHz,
Frequency F = 1kHz,
Frequency F = 1kHz,
max. time coefficient Tc = 1:(4x10
max. time coefficient Tc = 1:(4x10
max. time coefficient Tc = 1:(4x10
max. time coefficient Tc = 1:(4x10
max. time coefficient Tc = 1:(4x10
3
3
3
3
3
) = 0.25ms/div,
) = 0.25ms/div,
) = 0.25ms/div,
) = 0.25ms/div,
) = 0.25ms/div,
min. time coefficient Tc = 1:(10x10
min. time coefficient Tc = 1:(10x10
min. time coefficient Tc = 1:(10x10
min. time coefficient Tc = 1:(10x10
min. time coefficient Tc = 1:(10x10
3
3
3
3
3
) = 0.1ms/div,
) = 0.1ms/div,
) = 0.1ms/div,
) = 0.1ms/div,
) = 0.1ms/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2ms/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2ms/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2ms/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2ms/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2ms/div,
required wavelength L = 1:(10
required wavelength L = 1:(10
required wavelength L = 1:(10
required wavelength L = 1:(10
required wavelength L = 1:(10
3
3
3
3
3
x0.2x10
x0.2x10
x0.2x10
x0.2x10
x0.2x10
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
) = 5div.
) = 5div.
) = 5div.
) = 5div.
) = 5div.
Displayed wavelength L = 0.8div,
Displayed wavelength L = 0.8div,
Displayed wavelength L = 0.8div,
Displayed wavelength L = 0.8div,
Displayed wavelength L = 0.8div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.5µs/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.5µs/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.5µs/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.5µs/div,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.5µs/div,
Type of signal voltage
