_________________________________ ___EN__________________________________15
4.
THE WORKING METHODE OF THE HEATPUMP
4.1.
Operation principle
HB300(C) heat pump water heater is seemingly similar to traditional electric
hot water tanks. During its normal operation cycle, HB300(C) connected to household
pipeline and electrical power system does not use as much electric power for direct
heating of water as the traditional electric hot water tank does, but rather, it uses
energy in a more rational and efficient way, reaching the same result with an energy
use of less than 70% as compared to the traditional electric hot water tank.
Heat pump is named by the fact that it is able to transfer heat from a heat
source of lower temperature to a heat source of higher temperature, which means it
turns natural flow of heat, which is transferred from a heat source of higher
temperature to a heat source of lower temperature. The application of the heat pump
brings the benefit that it is able to transfer more energy (in form of heat) than the
energy it takes for its operation (in form
of electric power). This way, heat pump is able to extract energy from heat sources
existing in its environment without “expenditure”, depending on the type and
availability of the heat sources.
HB300(C) heat pump water heater extracts heat from stuffy internal air to be
refreshed, thus it adds to the efficiency increase of water heating. It is possible to
select among several different configurations to use environmental air, which
provides multilateral application of the appliance besides different operational
conditions.
HB300(C) heat pump water heater has been planned and manufactured
pursuant to specifications on the energy performance of buildings. The appliance
ensures more rational energy use and leads to savings in the operational costs. As
opposed to other alternative systems used to produce sanitary hot water, heat
extraction from free energy sources definitely reduces environmental effects of
emissions into the atmosphere.
4.2.
Operation explanation
According to the facts mentioned a
bove, the “energetic
capacity” of heat pump is based on heat transfer through heat
extraction from free source (in this case, it is the environmental air)
with lower temperature than the material to be heated (in this case, it
is the water in the tank of the water heater). Electric power is required
for the operation of the compressor (that leads to change of state of
matter of the cooling fluid within the cooling circuit), thus for the
transfer of heat energy. Cooling fluid passes along a closed hydraulic
circuit where the fluid changes into liquid or gaseous state of matter
in connection with its temperature and pressure. The main elements
of the hydraulic circuit (
Figure
2.2-1
) are the following:
1
–
compressor, which ensures cycle running through increasing
the pressure and the temperature of the cooling fluid (which has a
gaseous state of matter in this cycle).
2
– first heat exchanger located in the water tank of the water
heater: heat exchange between the cooling fluid and the sanitary
water to be heated up is produced on its surface. As in this phase,
the state of matter of the warm cooling fluid changes and it
Figure 2.2.-1.
