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16 

 

Theory 

 

 

The  resistivity  of  a  given  specimen  my  be  influenced  by  the  applied  stress.  For  results  to  be 
comparable,  measurement  shall  be  made  with  approximately  the  same  electrical  stress  and 
polarity. 

 

c.  Time of electrification 

Upon the application of DC voltage, the current flow through the specimen decrease due to the 
sweep of charge carriers to the electrodes. The conventional arbitrary time of electrification is 1 
min. Variation in the time of electrification can result in appreciable variation in the results. (Some 
high viscosity fluids may required considerably longer electrification time). 

 

 

Calculation of the resistivity in ohmmeters by means of: 

 

Liquid Test Cell 2903 

Solid Test Cell 2914 

 

I

U

K

m

=

 

 

I

U

l

A

m

=

 

 

 

U 

DC test voltage 

I 

DC test current 

K 

Liquid cell constant in meters 

C

air

 

Measured capacity in air (Tettex Test Cell 2903 approx. 60pF 

20%) 

0

 

Vacuum permittivity 

r

 

Relative permittivity of air or liquid 

A          Surface of the measurement electrode (Tettex Test Cell 2903 approx. 0.0134m

2

 / 2914  

             approx. 0.002 m

2

)  

I           Distance between electrodes (Tettex Test Cell 2903 approx. 0.002m / 2914 depends on  

             sample thickness) 

 

 

 





=

=

pF

C

pF

C

m

K

air

air

113

.

0

1

10

0

12

 

Содержание 2830

Страница 1: ...2830 2831 Precision Liquid and Solid Dielectric Analyzer User Manual 4843477 M Version 3 0 ...

Страница 2: ...II Revision History Version Date Author Remarks 2 0 2013 12 MB 2nd release 3 0 2021 07 SM 3rd release ...

Страница 3: ...he equipment particularly where software has been upgraded in the field Although all efforts are made to ensure that there are no errors in the manuals HAEFELY accepts no responsibility for damage or loss that may result from errors within this manual We retain the right to modify the functionality specification or operation of the equipment without prior notice All rights reserved No section of t...

Страница 4: ...ance 6 3 1 6 Health Notes 7 3 2 Training and Education 7 4 Technical Data 8 4 1 Specifications 8 5 Theory 10 5 1 Dissipation Factor tanδ 10 5 2 Parallel and Series Equivalent Circuits 11 5 3 The difference between Power Factor and Dissipation Factor 12 5 4 Relative Permittivity 12 5 5 DC Resistivity 15 5 6 Test Instruments 17 5 7 Evaluation of Test Results 18 5 8 Other Test Methods 19 6 Device Fun...

Страница 5: ... 1 3 Heater Cell Status 33 9 1 4 Basic Buttons 37 9 1 5 Title Bar 39 9 1 6 Alarm Messages 40 9 1 7 Error Messages 42 9 1 8 Informative Messages 43 9 2 File Manager 44 9 2 1 File Selector Dialog 45 9 2 2 Report 47 9 3 Setup 48 9 3 1 DUT Info 49 9 3 2 Settings 51 9 3 3 Heating cell s 53 9 3 4 Options 54 9 3 5 Auxiliary 57 9 3 6 About Screen 57 9 4 C tan δ 58 9 4 1 Signal Analysis 63 9 5 DC Resistivi...

Страница 6: ...ing 103 15 Troubleshooting 104 15 1 Windows Recovery 104 15 2 Software Updates 2830 105 15 3 FAQ 105 15 4 Error Assistance 106 15 4 1 ComError 106 16 Service Maintenance and Contact Information 107 16 1 Warranty Information 107 16 1 1 Guarantee period 107 16 1 2 Liability for defects in material design and workmanship 107 16 2 Maintenance 108 16 2 1 Cleaning the Instrument 108 16 3 Spare Parts 108...

Страница 7: ...Introduction VII 17 Conformity 113 18 Notes 114 ...

Страница 8: ...VIII Introduction ...

Страница 9: ... programs e g pre programmed procedures according the standards and uses a large colour touch screen as the input device The operator can choose between manual or automatic modes While the manual mode provides quick measurements the automatic test mode supports complete automated test sequences according the standards 1 2 Scope of Supply The following items are supplied Qty Description 1 Precision...

Страница 10: ...sentative stating the serial number the type of the equipment and the sales order number 1 4 Hardware This high precision measuring instrument double vector meter is fully automatically balanced by the built in PC and the measurement values are calculated and displayed Thirteen parameters can be measured respectively calculated The instrument as a vector meter bridge including the heating regulati...

Страница 11: ... those for the site at which tests are being performed Wherever possible the corresponding standard IEC ANSI definitions are used The following abbreviations and definitions are used in this manual Abbreviation Meaning SI Système International d unités International System of Units IEC International Electrotechnical Commission ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials BS British Standards VD...

Страница 12: ... is the most important aspect when working on or around high voltage electrical equipment Personnel whose working responsibilities involve testing and maintenance of the various types of high voltage equipment must have understood the safety rules in the manual and the associated safety practices specified by their company national and regional regulations Company national or regional regulations ...

Страница 13: ... Ground and short circuit 5 Cover or close off nearby live parts After high voltage tests have been performed the first thing during entering high voltage parts are should be grounded A manual ground rod must be used In some configurations a recurring voltage on capacitor can appear also after earthing In these cases a second ground rod can help to reduce that risk Always use grounding rods when e...

Страница 14: ...ual ground rod has to be installed It should be placed nearby the entrance of the test area 3 1 4 Mains Connection Connection of the system to a supply voltage outside the specified operating range will result in damage to the system along with the risk of injury and fire 3 1 5 Cleaning and Maintenance For cleaning and maintenance work it has to be ensured that all parts are disconnected from any ...

Страница 15: ...e that the persons which work with the system are trained and educated in operation and safety for that Only trained persons are allowed to work with the system The training has to be repeated in regular intervals The training has to be documented The safety is the responsible of the operators When working on high voltage system at least two persons must always be present one of them bears respons...

Страница 16: ...urrent Input Cn 10 uA 10 mA 0 01 uA 0 1 rdg 0 1 uA Test Frequency 15 Hz 100 Hz 0 01 Hz 0 1 rdg 0 1 Hz Power Supply s 2831 Range Max Resolution Accuracy AC Test voltage 40 V 2 5 kV 1 V 0 3 rdg 1 V AC Frequency 40 Hz 65 Hz 0 1 Hz AC Current max 5 mA DC Test Voltage 250 V 2 5 kV 25 V 10 rdg 20 V Heater Heating Temperature Ambient 200 C 0 1 C 0 5 C Internal Standard capacitor Value Accuracy Dissipatio...

Страница 17: ...19 kg 2831 W x H x D 2 pcs 48 x 27 x 44 cm 19 x 10 6 x 17 3 1 Accuracy values 50 60Hz 2 Range limit is given by test current and voltage 3 2 5 kV Rmax 2 GΩ x Utest V 4 Resistivity range is given by the resistance range multiplied with the cell factor of the test cell 2903 0 113 x Cair in pF 5 Typical range calculated with Cair 60 0 pF of 2903 and 2 kV test voltage 6 Resistivity range is given by t...

Страница 18: ...here A electrode face d distance between the electrodes C capacitance 0 dielectric constant of air 0 8 8542 x 10 12 F m r relative dielectric constant dependent upon material 0 r dielectric constant In an ideal capacitor the resistance of the insulation material dielectric is infinitely large That means that when an AC voltage is applied the current leads the voltage by exactly 90 as it flows as p...

Страница 19: ...ance R ideal resistance Because P Q tan the losses which are proportional to tan will usually be given as a value of tan to express the quality of an insulation material Therefore the angle is described as loss angle and tan as loss factor 5 2 Parallel and Series Equivalent Circuits The measuring bridge measures and displays both the parallel and or series equivalent circuit values The following f...

Страница 20: ...n the insulation Because the angles are complimentary it is unimportant whether tan or cos is used as with very small values tan 0 5 the difference is negligible However the conversion formulas are 2 tan 1 tan PF 2 1 tan PF PF 5 4 Relative Permittivity The linear permittivity of a material is usually given relative to ε0 the permittivity of free space vacuum permittivity as a relative permittivity...

Страница 21: ...have exact numerical values s m c 8 10 99792458 2 0 Am Vs 7 0 10 4 m pF m F s m Am Vs c 85 8 10 8541878 8 10 99792458 2 10 4 1 1 12 2 8 7 2 0 0 0 Coil Measured capacity of the test cell with liquid insulating dielectric Cair Measured capacity of the test cell with air as dielectric Tettex Oil Test Cell 2903 approx 60 pF 20 0 Vacuum permittivity r oil Relative permittivity of the liquid insulating ...

Страница 22: ...e below formula results For r of liquid oil For r of air A l Coil roil 0 1 0 A l Cair rair air oil air oil air oil r r C C l C A A l C A l C A l C air oil 0 0 0 0 air oil r r C C with oil air 1 Dissipation Factor and Dielectric Constant of Typical Insulation Materials Typical values of 50 60 Hz dissipation factor and permittivity dielectric constant εr of some typically used insulating materials ...

Страница 23: ...DC Resistivity The DC Resistivity also called electrical resistivity resistivity specific electrical resistance or volume resistivity is a measure of strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current A low resistivity indicate a material that readily allows the movement of electric charge The SI unit of the dc resistivity is the ohm meter m It is commonly represented by the Greek letter rho...

Страница 24: ...t in appreciable variation in the results Some high viscosity fluids may required considerably longer electrification time Calculation of the resistivity in ohmmeters by means of Liquid Test Cell 2903 Solid Test Cell 2914 I U K m I U l A m U DC test voltage I DC test current K Liquid cell constant in meters Cair Measured capacity in air Tettex Test Cell 2903 approx 60pF 20 0 Vacuum permittivity r ...

Страница 25: ...lancing makes operation very easy The double vector meter method is essentially an improvement of the differential transformer method All three methods are in current use for accurate and repeatable measurements of C tan on various test objects The differences basically lie in the resolution and accuracy Different instruments are generally developed specially for field or laboratory measurement Fi...

Страница 26: ...f acute deterioration caused by local overheating Contamination by water carbon deposits bad oil dirt and other chemicals Severe leakage through cracks and over surfaces Ionization The interpretation of measurements is usually based on experience recommendations of the manufacturer of the insulating materials and by observing these differences Between measurements on the same material after succes...

Страница 27: ...fect of humidity on an insulating material is to increase greatly the magnitude of its interfacial polarization thus increasing both its permittivity and tan as well as the dc conductance These effects of humidity are caused by absorption of water into the volume of the material and by the formation of an ionized water film on its surface Influence of electrode Surface The surfaces of the oil test...

Страница 28: ...ect CX Both branches are energized by the HV AC power source UTest which is built in the 2831 Both currents are measured by the adjustable high accurate shunts RX and RN and then digitised By using a sample number for each digitised value and a known sample rate a timestamp is calculated With this technology not only the values but also the time information phase displacement between IN and IX can...

Страница 29: ...surement is based on a pico ampere meter built in the 2831 which measures the current through the liquid or solid test cell The HV DC source built in the 2831 energizes the test cell so that a current can flow through the solid or liquid sample and the pico ampere meter The applied voltage and the measured current are converted to digital values for further calculations in the 2830 To calculate th...

Страница 30: ...he supplied shielded coax measuring cables for High Voltage Supply Input Cn and Input Cx and input a have to be used always If the system is connected with normal unshielded cables the measuring values will be incorrect To keep in mind for the user of the system is that capacitances related to the V Common point are bypassed Make sure that all unwanted capacitances are related to the V Common poin...

Страница 31: ...rd connection to measure capacitance and tan of liquid or solid insulating material between high voltage u to low voltage a Connection earth to V Common has always to be closed else the high voltage can occurred on the V common ...

Страница 32: ...ioning follow the following steps Close or minimize the application software by pressing the minimize button or the close button Start All Programs eGalaxTouch Configure Utility Switch to tab Tools The following screen will appear Click on 4 Points Calibration and follow the given instructions ...

Страница 33: ...Device Operations 25 7 2 Front Panel 2830 1 Touch screen interface 2 USB Interface 1 3 USB Interface 2 4 Mains Power Switch 7 3 Rear Panel 2830 ...

Страница 34: ...is switched on HIGH VOLTAGE can occurred on the V Common point 5 Earth connection 6 V Common terminal to connect to the 2831 V Common internally connected 6 to 3 7 Ethernet Interface 8 USB Interface 3 9 USB Interface 4 10 Safety Ground Connection For safety reasons this earth cable should be the FIRST lead to be connected to the set and the LAST to be disconnected 11 Mains Power Switch 12 Mains Fu...

Страница 35: ...ket for liquid and solid test cell 4 Main power switch 5 Temperature control for liquid heating 2 6 Temperature regulating for liquid heating 2 7 Power for liquid heating 2 8 Temperature control and regulating for solid heating 9 Power for solid heating 10 Temperature control for liquid heating 1 11 Temperature regulating for liquid heating 1 12 Power for liquid heating 1 ...

Страница 36: ...w Voltage Point of the internal AC power supply 4 Interlock 1 5 Interlock 2 6 Safety Ground Connection For safety reasons this earth cable should be the FIRST lead to be connected to the set and the LAST to be disconnected 7 Ethernet Interface 8 USB Interface 5 9 Fuse F1 10 Fuse F2 11 Mains input socket ...

Страница 37: ...switched off 8 2 Inter wiring of 2830 and 2831 For the inter wiring of the 2830 and 2831 use only the cable which are delivered with the instrument Connect the 2830 CX to the 2831 CX Connect the 2830 CN to the 2831 CN Connect the 2830 V Common to the 2831 V Common Connect the 2830 Earth to the 2831 Earth Connect the 2830 LAN to the 2831 LAN Connect the 2830 USB to the 2831 USB Connect the Interloc...

Страница 38: ...led and tested before delivering This software chapter describes only the instrument application and not the Windows operating system 9 1 1 Start up After the system is switched on and the Windows 7 Embedded is started up the 2830 software will automatically start up with a delay of 10 seconds To start the 2830 software manually this case could be after closing the software and not shutdown the de...

Страница 39: ...Software 31 Once the program has been started the last opened tab sheet appears e g C Tan with selected heater 2903 1 ...

Страница 40: ...l s The Setup tab sheet has no heater cell section The middle section where the measuring values are displayed and stored and the voltage frequency electrification time etc can be set looks almost the same for the C Tanδ and the DC Resistivity tab sheets The other two tab sheets have each a different looking Following tab sheets can be selected Setup This sheet provides access to the definition of...

Страница 41: ...readsheet See chapter 9 5 DC Resistivity for further details Sequence This tab sheet defines the test sequence and create complex test cycles The measured data are automatically stored in the according spreadsheet At the end of a sequence a report will be generated automatically See chapter 9 6 Sequence for further details 9 1 3 Heater Cell Status Liquid Heater 2903 1 Depending on the heater selec...

Страница 42: ...e in heater 1 Deassigning the Liquid test cells To reset the assigning of the liquid test cells to the heaters it has to be clicked in a red marked area between the two test cells Liquid Heater and Test Cell Status After assigning a liquid test cell to the heater the number of the selected test cell and the assigned file name will be displayed Beside the thermometer the current liquid temperature ...

Страница 43: ...t cell in the heater cell section can have following looking and information Solid Test Cell Status To make solid measurements the solid heater has to be selected in the heater selection see chapter 9 3 3 Heating cell s then no liquid heater can be selected Other than the liquid heater and test cell the solid cell is one part It includes the heater and the electrodes with guard ring Therefore no c...

Страница 44: ... C then the cell color changes to red Then the cell should not be touched without a heat protection means such as clothes During a Measurement During a measurement the cell symbol is disabled but not the heater On Off button Additional a HV warning symbol appears This symbol appears during AC or DC HV is applied and also during a cell shorting phase Switch On Off the Heater By clicking on this but...

Страница 45: ...asurement can not be started see chapter 9 4 C tan δ Available on tab sheet C Tan δ HV On By clicking on this button the AC HV will be applied and the measurement starts see chapter 9 4 C tan δ Available on tab sheet C Tan δ HV Off By clicking on this button the AC HV will be shut down and the measurement ends see chapter 9 4 C tan δ Available on tab sheet C Tan δ Analysis When this button is clic...

Страница 46: ...button the test cell will be short circuit for the set shorting time see chapter 9 5 DC Resistivity Available on tab sheet DC Resistivity Stop Shorting By clicking on this button the test cell short circuit will be stopped see chapter 9 5 DC Resistivity Available on tab sheet DC Resistivity Tools By clicking on this button a button list will appear with some tools to edit the spread sheet with the...

Страница 47: ... active loaded test file and its path is shown here All data are stored in this file Alarm Message In this area the alarm messages will be displayed see chapter 9 1 6 Alarm Messages Screen Shot This button can be used to generate and save a screenshot If clicked on a dialog pops up which asks where to store the picture file Help By clicking on this button the instruction manual will be open as PDF...

Страница 48: ... available of the test cell or connect the interlock plug to the interlock 1 plug socket on the rear side of the 2831 Interlock 2 The interlock of the liquid test cell 2 is open Close the cover if available of the test cell or connect the interlock plug to the interlock 2 plug socket on the rear side of the 2831 Emergency The emergency button on the front panel of the 2831 is pressed Unlock the bu...

Страница 49: ...sistivity measurement exceed 3 mA then the HV and the heater will be switched off an actual running sequence will be aborted and this alarm messages will be displayed Check the test cell for flashover short circuits and minimal impedance To detect a flashover apply a low voltage and increase the voltage in small steps until the flashover occurs The alarm message can be quitted by clicking on it Ol...

Страница 50: ...Following error messages will appear in a dialog window when an error occurs Error Ethernet Connecting 2831 When at the software start up no communication to the 2831 over Ethernet could be established this error message pops up Close the 2830 application and check the Ethernet cable for correct installation and restart the application Error USB Connecting 2831 When the USB communication fails at ...

Страница 51: ... clicking on No the HV is switched off and the measurement stops Check if the test cell is connected to the plug sockets a and U on the front panel of the 2831 and the connection between the plug sockets Cx on the rear panels of both units 9 1 8 Informative Messages No File Assigned If a liquid test cell is being assigned to a heater and no file is assigned to the test cell then this information m...

Страница 52: ...But if this is done then the accuracy is reduced 9 2 File Manager With the help of the File Manager several basic file operating such as create save load etc can be done The standard path for the saving and loading dialog is the subfolder Data of the set Data Directory in the sub tab sheet Options see 9 3 4 Options On each tab sheet the File Manager can be accessed by clicking on the following but...

Страница 53: ... to USB Stick To copy the actual file to your USB stick Report The internet explorer with the actual test file will open There you can print the file and configure the appearance of the document See chapter 9 2 2 Report for more information Previous Test s Last three used files are displayed for quick access 9 2 1 File Selector Dialog The dialog is used for storing loading previewing and moving fi...

Страница 54: ...e entered It is also possible to choose one from the last three loaded files by clicking on the arrow on the right side of the text input field Directory Up Go up one directory in the hierarchy New Directory Create a new directory in the actual path My Computer The root of the file system is displayed There you can select for example the USB memory stick for storage ...

Страница 55: ...by clicking on the following button in the File Manager At the top of the explorer window a small header with six boxes and a print link is placed With this menu the appearance of the printout can be controlled It is possible to hide or display the DUT info the test results the Dissipation Factor measurements the DC Resistivity measurements and the test setup Clicking on the Logo on the right side...

Страница 56: ...ot directory like the HTAG2830 xsl 9 3 Setup The Setup tab sheet consists of following sub tab sheets DUT Info General information about the device under test can be entered See chapter 9 3 1 DUT Info Settings In this tab sheet you should enter the quantity of liquid test cells in use and their specifications For each cell you have to enter the File Name the Serial Number the capacitance value of ...

Страница 57: ...e filled in This information will also be saved in the report file 9 3 1 1 Touch Screen Keyboard If Touchscreen is selected under the Keyboard option on the Options tabsheet see 9 3 4 Options a dialog with a software keyboard on it opens by clicking in a textfield If the option External is selected no dialog will appear and the text can be filled in directly with the external keyboard Once you hav...

Страница 58: ...he last typed text in the specific text field opens and the user can select one of this entries or type a new text To edit the entries in the list click on the arrow beside the text field Show Selection List By clicking on this button the last typed entries in the accordant text field will be displayed in the Selection List ...

Страница 59: ...cted at once Ask Insert The ADD to List Dialog will be opened after an entry was typed in Auto insert The entry is automatically saved in the Selection List without to open the Add to List Dialog No Insert No entry will be saved in the Selection List No Selection list Disables the Selection List and doesn t save the entry Add to List Dialog After typing something in the text field and if the Ask I...

Страница 60: ...e temperature of the empty test cell and the calibration date You can use the sequence Test Cell Calibration for an automatic determination of the C Air the Temperature and the date The heat up will also be done automatically The Cair is used for the calculation of relative permittivity and the DC resistivity The plate distance in cm generally the thickness of the solid sample is used for the calc...

Страница 61: ...e solid test cell heater can not be selected The liquid heaters can have following states Disabled Liquid Heater If no heater is connected to the 2831 then the heater button is disabled Enabled Liquid Heater The heater button is enabled when a heater is connected to the 2831 Selected Liquid Heater To select a heater click on the accordant heater button If it is selected then the checkbox is checke...

Страница 62: ... hotter than 45 C then the test cell symbol will be red Insulating Temperature The value indicates the actual temperature of the insulating material Set Temperature The target temperature on which the insulating material will be heated up Material When the solid test cell is selected the solid material can also be selected if well known Heating On The heater On Off button looks like this when the ...

Страница 63: ...temperature if you choose Celsius C the unit meter m will be automatically used for lengths If Fahrenheit F is selected the unit feet ft will be used Acoustics An acoustic sound will be audible when either the AC or DC HV will be switched and this option is selected Enable Mandatory If this option is activated certain inputs in Menu Setup has to be filled before the measuring can be started See ch...

Страница 64: ...l your made entries No Input Lists disables the entry selection list and Use Input Lists enables it See chapter 9 3 1 1 Touch Screen Keyboard Data Directory With this button the data directory can be selected All reports will be stored in the subfolder Data in the selected directory Load Factory Settings After leaving the factory or after a recalibration the values of standard capacitor cable leng...

Страница 65: ... will switch to a green hook 9 3 5 Auxiliary On this sub tab sheet additional information for the measurement can be filled in The information will be stored and showed in the report file There are two columns of text field The left columns are for the title and the right ones are for the text 9 3 6 About Screen About By clinking on the about button a window will pop up with information of the mea...

Страница 66: ... or a upgrade has to be done see chapter 15 Troubleshooting OK By clicking on the OK button the About window will be closed 9 4 C tan δ The C Tan mode is used to perform single measurements straight away It displays all necessary values at a glance and allows to capture a measurement by a single mouse click The following screen shot shows a running measurement on the heater 2903 2 and liquid test ...

Страница 67: ...This cell will be measured Liquid heater 2 is selected and test cell 2 is assigned to it File_2 is selected for the report and results Heating is switched on Set temperature is 90 C and the actual temperature is 131 0 C Measurement is running yellow warning symbol Selected Solid Test Cell The yellow bar indicates the selection of the solid test cell This cell will be measured Solid heater test cel...

Страница 68: ...rner of the element Following measuring values can be selected DF tan Actual measured dissipation factor DF tan Actual measured dissipation factor in percentage format Electrical Stress Actual measured electrical stress The electrical stress is depending on the voltage and the gap between the electrodes The gap for the liquid test cell is hard implemented to 2 mm and for the solid test cell the ga...

Страница 69: ...d button is clicked the text inside this text field will be copied into the Sample column It is recommended to label the sample with an identifier such as Sample 1 Sample 2 etc It can also be left blank Set Frequency In this text field the AC test voltage can be set If the option Touch screen is set in the sub tab sheet Options see 9 3 4 Options a frequency input dialog will be opened The info tex...

Страница 70: ... up because the maximal AC voltage for the liquid and solid Tettex test cells is 2 kV If a voltage out of range is set this info message will pop up Record The actual selection of measured data will be stored in the spreadsheet Only the following three states of the HV ON OFF button are described here The other buttons are descried in the chapter 9 1 4 Basic Buttons HV Disabled When the HV ON OFF ...

Страница 71: ...irst harmonic in percent The first 15 harmonics are shown In If this Tab Sheet is selected you can see the spectrum of the current through the nominal standard capacitor Ix If this Tab Sheet is selected you can see the spectrum of the current through the test object Un The Spectrum of the integrated In Ref signal will be shown This corresponds to the applied test voltage 9 4 1 2 Scope With this ta...

Страница 72: ...atically disabled With Down the signal amplitude is shown smaller this increases the scale Auto Scale Setting this option will show the signal well scaled The voltage over the nominal standard capacitor will be shown The voltage over the test object will be shown The mains input voltage will be shown Inc Dec Time Base By pressing ms Button the time scale will be increased As a result there are mor...

Страница 73: ...t and the highest value will be used for minimum and maximum y axis At maximum 1000 values are recorded Buttons description X Y Axis The measuring values for the x or y axis can be chosen Clear Curve Clear recorded values Auto Scale Enable disable automatic scaling of the scope If it is unchecked higher and lower values than the maximum range of the scope are not shown anymore Recording If this op...

Страница 74: ...ecessary values at a glance and allows to capture a measurement by a single mouse click According the standard the liquid test cell should be shorted see the following chapter 9 5 1 Test cell shorting before carry out the DC Resistivity measurement when a C Tan measurement was done before The following screen shot shows a running measurement on the heater 2903 2 and liquid test cell 2 as an exampl...

Страница 75: ...ed Solid heater test cell are selected File_3 is selected for the report and results Heating is switched on Set temperature is 100 C and the actual temperature is 0 1 C Measurement is running yellow warning symbol After starting the DC Resistivity measurement every 2 seconds a measuring value will be displayed in the following measurement value section Each of this values will also be stored in th...

Страница 76: ...l be copied into the Sample column It is recommended to label the sample with an identifier such as Sample 1 Sample 2 etc It can also be left blank Measuring Time After pressing the Start Test button the measuring time starts to count down Measuring results will be recorded every 2 seconds automatically When the counter is lapsed then the measurement will stop ...

Страница 77: ...voltage can be typed directly into the text field If a positive voltage higher than 1 8 kV with the accuracy of 10 20 V 1 8 kV max 2 kV is set then a warning message will pop up because the maximal positive voltage for the liquid and solid Tettex test cells is 2 kV The maximal negative voltage is 1 kV If a voltage out of range is set this info message will pop up Only the following three states of...

Страница 78: ...ate the calibration Power On The unit is started up Measure During a measurement Set Stop A stop command is sent to break the actual running measurement Wait Stopped Wait until the stop command was executed Measure Cancelled When a measurement was not done completely Measure Cancelled will be labelled 9 5 1 Test cell shorting As mentioned in the chapter 9 5 DC Resistivity the liquid test cell shou...

Страница 79: ...then no heater or test cell is selected the emergency button is pressed one of the interlock connectors are not connected or another measurement is running Start Shorting This button state is used to start the shorting Stop Shorting This button state is used to stop the shorting before the countdown is finished Shorting Time After pressing the start shorting button the shorting time starts to coun...

Страница 80: ... a calibration sequence is installed which heats up and measures the empty liquid test cell and copies the measurement result Cair the test cell temperature and the calibration date in the cell settings table see chapter 9 3 2 Settings In the Sequence folder which is located in the data directory see chapter 9 3 4 Options are block diagrams of the pre installed sequences process as PDF file 9 6 1 ...

Страница 81: ...quence Click on the sequence list button and a sequence list will open with the pre installed sequences and if own sequences were made then they will also be listed Sequence List In the sequence list all sequences which are found in the Sequence folder file ends with seq will be listed ...

Страница 82: ...isabled By unchecking the checkbox on the Source button no source code is displayed Source Enabled By checking the checkbox on the Source button a text field will be displayed with the source code of the selected sequence ...

Страница 83: ...ve As and the Compile button are disabled Below the source code text field the actual command is displayed Stop Sequence By clicking on the Stop button the sequence ends Before a sequence apply AC DC voltage or short the test cell a dialog pops up to warn and inform the user which test cell and heater has to be connected to the 2831 On the dialogs is a Break button to abort the sequence without ap...

Страница 84: ...76 Software AC Voltage Dialog Before the AC HV source will generate AC voltage a warning dialog appears DC Voltage Dialog Before the DC HV source will generate DC voltage a warning dialog appears ...

Страница 85: ...eously For a high routine measurement throughput two liquid sequences can be running at the same time The heat up can be done independently at the same time for two liquid cells A measurement can only be made on one cell simultaneously because only one measuring channel is available On the following screen shot is an example with two selected liquid test cells and heaters ...

Страница 86: ... The commands which can be used and a code sample are described in the chapter 9 6 4 Sequence commands Before a user specific sequence will be programmed the specification and expectation of the measurement has to be known Basically following specifications should be defined Type of measurement liquid or solid Heating temperature Kind of measurement Test voltage Measurement process Measurement val...

Страница 87: ...able describes a possibility to edit a sequence from an existing one Open an existing sequence e g IEC 60247 2004 Standard Save As Use the button Save As to rename the sequence and to store it in the following folder For liquid sequences Data directory Sequence Liquids and for solid sequences Data directory Sequence Solids The data directory can be defined in the sub tab sheet Options see chapter ...

Страница 88: ...e e g Notepad Using a mouse and keyboard to edit the sequence on the instrument make the work easier The USB Mouse and USB Keyboard can be connected in the USB sockets on the front panel of the 2830 Use the Compile button to check if the sequence is programmed correctly If the program source code has no errors then the message Compilation succeeded appears and the source code will be saved automat...

Страница 89: ...piler will stop at the wrong line and an error message appears Info By clicking on the Info button a window will pop up with a short description of the usable sequence programming commands More detailed command description can be found in the chapter 9 6 4 Sequence commands ...

Страница 90: ... ignore them There is no difference between upper and lower case letters in the source code 9 6 4 1 Sequence Structure A sequence code has following code structure var VariableS string VariableI integer VariableD double VariableB boolean Declaration of Variables The keyword is var for the first sequence code section If no variables has to be defined then this section can be omitted procedure UserP...

Страница 91: ...ASCI characters Boolean True or false 9 6 4 3 Fix Variable The following three variables are reserved and can only be used for the described application They can be accessed like a variable of the string data type CellCAir Read and write the air capacitance C air of the actual selected test cell Correspond to the column C air on the sub tab sheet Settings see chapter 9 3 2 Settings CellTemp Read a...

Страница 92: ...erator can be used for double and integer data types mod Modulo x mod y with y 0 This operator gives back the remainder of an integer division Samples 11 mod 3 2 9 mod 3 0 x mod 1 0 Equality This operator compare if two value are equal and returns true equal or false not equal It can be used for integer double and string data types Inequality This operator compare if two value are not equal and re...

Страница 93: ... than y or equal This operator can be used for integer or double data types Returns true or false 9 6 4 5 Procedure A procedure is a set of commands which will be executed A procedure can be called with additional variables or a values in brackets e g a text a number etc A procedure executes the command set and returns no value ShowMessage AMessage String Shows a message box with AMessage as text ...

Страница 94: ...ature ATemperature The procedure will be left if the temperature is inside the defined tolerance ATolerance In the following sample the heater will be switched ON and the target temperature 90 C is set The sequence will wait at the DoHeat command until 89 C is reached then the sequence will go on The temperature is controlled furthermore to 90 C until the Heat_OFF command will be sent Sample var T...

Страница 95: ...t is stable all measured values will be stored in the table The measurement results can be accessed in a sequence by the function GetMeasData To switch OFF the AC test voltage use the AC_HVOff procedure Sample var ACVoltage double ACFrequency double DF double SampleName string begin ACVoltage 2000 ACFrequency 50 SampleName Oil Sample XX AC_ApplyVoltage ACVoltage ACFrequency SampleName DF GetMeasDa...

Страница 96: ...uble DCTime integer RE double SampleName string begin DCVoltage 200 DCTime 60 SampleName Oil Sample XXX DC_Measure DCVoltage DCTime SampleName RE GetMeasData id_DCRES DC_HVOff end DC_Shorting ASec Integer This procedure shorts the plugs U and a for the time ASec see chapter 9 5 1 Test cell shorting To release the shorting for another simultaneous running sequence see chapter 9 6 2 Run two sequence...

Страница 97: ...edureA Variable_Int 5 Variable_Int 5 Variable_Text procedureB end 9 6 4 6 Function A function is a set of commands which will be executed A function can be called with additional variables or a values in brackets e g a text a number etc A function executes the command set and returns a value such as the actual heating temperature a measured value etc AddInt AVal AAbsLength Integer String Converts ...

Страница 98: ...s until the OK button is clicked on by the use or stops if the Break button is clicked on The returning value of this function is false if the Break button or true if the OK button was clicked on Sample if MessageBox Do you want to continue then ShowMessage Continue else ShowMessage Stop Heat_Temp Double Returns the actual heating temperature CellSNr String Returns the serial number see chapter 9 ...

Страница 99: ...ue This function calculates the absolute value of AVal Sqr AVal Double Double Square This function calculates the square of AVal Sqrt AVal Double Double Square root This function calculates the square root of AVal Note AVal may not be 0 Exp AVal Double Double Exponential This function calculates exponent to the base e Ln AVal Double Double Logarithm This function calculates the logarithm of AVal t...

Страница 100: ... values AVal and BVal is the less one and return it as the result Max AVal BVal Double Double Maximum Check which of the two values AVal and BVal is the greater one and return it as the result UserFunction Value1 ValueN Datatype ValueA ValueX Datatype ReturnValueDatatype The user has the possibility to program is own functions e g for an often used command sequence The declaration of the user func...

Страница 101: ...alized e g execute commands depending on a user decision made by a dialog IF If the condition is true then the commands between then and end will be executed if condition then command end Sample if 2 2 then ShowMessage 2 2 end IF ELSE If the condition is true then the commands between then and else will be executed If the condition is false then the commands between else and end will be executed i...

Страница 102: ...TIL The commands between repeat and until will be executed until the condition is true The difference to the while command is that the commands are executed before the condition is checked repeat command command until condition Sample var i integer begin i 0 repeat showMessage i addint i 1 2 i i 1 until i 4 end 9 6 4 8 Description of a Sequence Sample The following sequence sample Test Cell Calibr...

Страница 103: ...in the pre installed sequences var Cair double DF double ACVoltage double ACStress double ACFrequency double ACTemp double TempTol double In more complex sequences like the IEC 60247 2004 Standard seq are procedures defined before the keyword begin in the declaration section Direct after the keyword begin are the values assigned to the variables with the measurement parameters To each of this vari...

Страница 104: ...cleaned test cell is too CRLF high AddDouble Cair 1e12 0 0 pF 48 pF C air 72 pF CRLF CRLF Check the test cell for dust wet CRLF and correct assembling else If the measured values are in a good range the values will be stored in the liquid test cell settings of the selected liquid test cell see chapter 9 6 4 3 Fix Variable Save measurement values CellCAir AddDouble Cair 0 13 CellCTemp AddDouble ACT...

Страница 105: ...ency AddDouble ACFrequency 0 1 Hz CRLF Temperature of AC test AddDouble ACTemp 0 1 C CRLF CRLF ReportAdd Tand of Test Cell AddDouble DF 100 0 3 CRLF Cair of Test Cell AddDouble Cair 1e12 0 1 pF CRLF ShowReport end end end ...

Страница 106: ...ssories 10 1 Accessories and Options Order code Description 4842611 Cable set for existing 2903 4842507 Cable set for existing 2914 0065201 2903A Oil Test Cell 0065001 2903H Oil Test Cell Heating 0139311 2914 Solid Test Cell ...

Страница 107: ...or coal dust high humidity etc then it should be protected by building into a suitable housing with forced air filtering or similar suitable protection If such protective measures cannot be provided then the instrument should be periodically checked for contamination and promptly cleaned with suitable cleanser when required This kind of service work is particularly important if high voltages are t...

Страница 108: ...essary adjusted at HAEFELY TEST AG s factory An updated calibration report will then be issued 11 4 Changing Fuses Before changing the mains fuse remove the mains power cord Fuses should only be replaced with the same type and value The type and the value of the fielding fuses is written on the rear panel of each device ...

Страница 109: ...he lower right corner of the front panel for the 2830 and on the upper right corner of the front panel for the 2831 If the instrument is to remain unused for any length of time it is recommended to unplug the mains lead In addition it is advisable to protect this high precision instrument from moisture and accumulation of dust and dirt with a suitable covering ...

Страница 110: ...care should be taken when transporting the instrument If return of the instrument is necessary and the original packing crate is no longer available then packing of an equivalent standard or better should be used Whenever possible protect the instrument from mechanical damage during transport with padding Mark the container with the pictogram symbols Fragile and Protect from moisture Pictograms ...

Страница 111: ...equired be disassembled and recycled No special instructions are necessary for dismantling The instrument is constructed of metal parts mostly aluminium and synthetic materials The various component parts can be separated and recycled or disposed of in accordance with the associated local rules and regulations ...

Страница 112: ...fely com 15 1 Windows Recovery The 2830 has an integrated PC board and runs on Windows Embedded 7 In case of a damaged Windows operating system corrupted files damaged partition etc the integrated Windows recovery function can help to restore the instrument in the state it was delivery from the factory There are two drives available C Contains the Windows installation and all system files D Contai...

Страница 113: ...west software manuals related information etc http update haefely com ct2830 15 3 FAQ The FAQ Frequently Asked Questions chapter contains a collection of questions from users and the correspondent answer which could help to clear the questions Q The HV ON button is disabled and I am not able to switch the HV on what could I do A Check if the Reg and Temp cables of the Oil Test Cell 2903 heater or ...

Страница 114: ...ection 2 When a breakdown during the DC resistivity occurs the communication to the measuring HW can break Switch off both devices with the power switches and wait 10 seconds then switch power on again 3 When the software is started up a self calibration of the DC measurement unit will be done If the this calibration fail the communication will be stopped Disconnect all connected cables to the 283...

Страница 115: ...er undertakes the erection upon completion thereof If dispatch or taking over or erection are delayed due to reasons beyond supplier s control the guarantee period shall end not later than 18 months after supplier s notification that the supplies are ready for dispatch For replaced or repaired parts the guarantee period starts anew and lasts 6 months after replacement or completion of the repair o...

Страница 116: ...leansers and solvents Trio Chloroethene etc should definitely be avoided In particular the protective glass of the display should be cleaned from time to time with a soft moist cloth such as used by opticians 16 3 Spare Parts Basically only original replacement parts can be used HAEFELY can obtain original or equivalent replacement parts For an efficient work the customer support needs the followi...

Страница 117: ...the instrument is calibrated in accordance with the calibration report provided A periodical calibration of the instrument every two years is recommended If you are experiencing any trouble with your equipment or are in need of calibration we can determine if someone should come onsite to your facility ...

Страница 118: ...chnical Support If persistent problems or faulty operation should occur please contact the Customer Support Department of HAEFELY or your local agent The Customer Support Department can be reached at the following address found in chapter 16 7 We prefer contact via email Then the case is documented and traceable Also the time zone problems and occupied telephones do not occur Complete information ...

Страница 119: ...c sales haefely com Service Phone 41 61 373 4444 Service E Mail support haefely com support tettex com emc support haefely com 16 7 2 China Office Haefely Test AG Representative Beijing Office 8 1 602 Fortune Street No 67 Chaoyang Road Chaoyang District Beijing China 100025 Phone 86 10 8578 8099 Fax 86 10 8578 9908 Sales E Mail sales haefely com cn 16 7 3 Webpage Main Page https www haefely com Up...

Страница 120: ... internet and over a preinstalled tool we can hook up over a safe link TeamViewer to your PC and help you The TeamViewer exe is already copied onto most of HAEFELY products Or you download the actual TeamViewer Setup on https www teamviewer com en Install the software and start it Contact the HAEFELY Support and provide them Your ID and Password as on the below example A customer supporter will he...

Страница 121: ...Conformity 113 17 Conformity ...

Страница 122: ...114 Notes 18 Notes ...

Страница 123: ...Notes 115 ...

Страница 124: ...AEFELY AG Representative Office 8 1 602 Fortune Street No 67 Chaoyang Road Beijing 100025 China 86 10 8578 8099 sales haefely com cn This document has been drawn up with the utmost care We cannot however guarantee that it is entirely complete correct or up to date Copyright HAEFELY Subject to change without notice ...

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