CHAPTER 6: SETPOINTS
S2 SYSTEM SETUP
345 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
6–55
the power transformer within the zone of protection, a ground fault would result in
differential (zero sequence) current and false trips. In such a case, it would be necessary to
insert a zero sequence current trap with the Wye connected CTs on the Delta winding of
the transformer.
In general, zero sequence removal is necessary if zero sequence can flow into and out of
one transformer winding but not the other winding. Transformer windings that are
grounded inside the zone of protection allow zero sequence current flow in that winding,
and therefore it is from these windings that zero sequence removal is necessary.
The 345 performs this phase angle compensation and zero sequence removal
automatically, based on the settings entered for the transformer. All CTs are connected
Wye (polarity markings pointing away from the transformer). All currents are phase and
zero sequence compensated internally before the calculation of differential and restraint
quantities.
The phase reference winding (wf) is the winding which will have a phase shift of 0° applied
to it. The phase reference winding is chosen to be the delta or zigzag (non-wye) winding
with the lowest winding index, if one exists. For a transformer that has no delta or zigzag
windings, the first winding is chosen.
The phase compensation angle
Φ
?
comp
is the angle by which a winding current is shifted
to refer it to the phase reference winding, and is calculated by the 345 for each winding as
follows:
Eq. 7
where Rotation = “ABC”
Eq. 8
where Rotation = “ACB”
In our example, the phase reference winding would be winding 2 (i.e. wf = 2). The phase
compensation angle for each winding would then be calculated as follows (assuming
Rotation = “ABC”):
Eq. 9
