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Module Frames and Modules
9 - 8
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1.3.2 Gas sampling system
The sampling system takes care of drawing a gas sample into the analyzers at a fixed rate.
The gas sampling system samples the measured air to the module, and removes water and
impurities from it. A sampling line is connected to the water trap. The pump draws gas through
the sampling line to gas measuring units. After the measurements, the gas is exhausted from
the sample gas out connector.
The E-COVX and E-CAiOVX modules have a different gas sampling system compared to the
other modules. A number of flow restrictors have been changed to create a bigger pressure
difference between ambient pressure and the gas sampling system in the gas sensors. The
sample flow is, however, about the same (200 ml/min).
A larger pressure difference makes the deformations of the gas concentration curves less
sensitive to high variations of the airway pressures, thus also meeting the accuracy
requirements of gas exchange for these applications.
D-fend
The sample is drawn through a sampling line. Then gas enters the monitor through the water
trap, where it is divided into two flows, a main flow and a side flow. The main flow goes into the
analyzers. This flow is separated from the patient side by a hydrophobic filter. The side flow
creates a slight subatmospheric pressure within the D-fend water trap, which causes fluid
removed by the hydrophobic filter to collect in the bottle.
Zero valve and absorber
The main flow passes through a magnetic valve before proceeding to the analyzers. This valve
is activated to establish the zero points for the TPX and OM units. When the valve is activated,
room air is drawn through the absorber into the internal system and the gas sensors.
Figure 7
Absorber
Nafion
1)
tubes
A Nafion tube is used between the water trap and the zero valve to balance the sample gas
humidity with that of ambient air. The tube will prevent errors caused by the effect of water
vapor on gas partial pressure, when humid gases are measured after calibration with dry
gases. Another Nafion tube is used between the absorber and the pneumatic unit to prevent
humidity caused by the absorption of CO
2
.
Gas analyzers
After the zero valve and Nafion tube, the gas passes through the TPX and OM units. The oxygen
sensor has two inputs. One input accepts the main flow and the other draws in room air for
reference. Both gas flows exit from a single port.
Sample flow differential pressure transducer
The sample flow differential pressure transducer measures pressure drop across an OM inlet
restrictor and calculates sample flow from the pressure difference.
1
Nafion is a registered trademark of Perma Pure Inc.
Содержание E-PSMP
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