Diestro 103APV4R, Руководство оператора и по обслуживанию

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DIESTRO 103APV4R ELECTROLYTE ANALYZER
125 JS Medicina Electrónica
ANNEX II - CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ELECTROLYTES IN URINE
The urinary ionogram is highly variable from one individual to another, and from one day to the
next, in the same individual. Therefore, it should be compared with the plasma ionogram and
with the patient's vital signs. For example, the concentration of potassium in a urine sample
cannot be valued if the patient's potassium intake and degree of hydration are not known.
The electrolytes present in the body and those that are ingested daily with the diet are excreted
through the renal system pathway, in the urine. The determination of urinary electrolytes gives
important information about the efficiency of the kidneys, and other pathological situations. The
determination can be made on a urine sample collected over 24 hours. The amount of
electrolytes excreted per day is obtained by multiplying the measured concentration (mmol/L) by
the total amount of urine excreted in a day.
Chlorine and Sodium Concentration
Normally, the concentration of chlorides presents great variations in relation to the salt intake,
being able to reach figures ranging between 5 and 20 g / 24 hours.
Decreases the concentration of chlorides: in all hypodrotic syndromes (asystole, nephrotic
syndrome) in which salt is retained in the fluids of edema, effusions; in large infiltrates, in
pneumonia, in exudative processes; in syndromes of saline dehydration due to copious
extrarenal losses: repeated vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal fistula, profuse sweating, extensive
burns, in intestinal obstruction; in the diet without salt; in diabetes insipidus; in advanced renal
failure; in the immediate postoperative period, due to tissue retention of chlorides.
Increases the elimination of chlorides: in the diet rich in salt; during the diuretic effect of
saluretics and other similar preparations; in certain acute nephropathies (tubular necrosis) in the
polyuric phase following anuria; in chronic nephropathies (pyelonephritis, chronic
glomerulonephritis or polycystic kidney) with saline incontinence syndrome; in adrenal
insufficiency of Addison's disease; hypernatriria: appears in Schwartz
–Bartter syndrome
(excessive secretion of ADH).
The determination of urinary sodium is of diagnostic utility in the following clinical situations: 1)
A decreased urinary sodium concentration indicates that there is an extrarenal loss of sodium,
while a high urinary sodium concentration indicates the existence of renal salt loss or adrenal
insufficiency; 2) In the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure, in conjunction with other
additional diagnostic elements; 3) In hyponatremia, a reduced urinary sodium concentration
indicates sodium retention, which may be attributable to a severe reduction in volume or the
state of saline retention observed in cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and congestive heart failure.
Potassium in Urine (Potasuria)
Normally, the concentration of chlorides presents great variations in relation to the salt intake,
being able to reach figures ranging between 5 and 20 g / 24 hours.
Decreases the concentration of chlorides: in all hypodrotic syndromes (asystole, nephrotic
syndrome) in which salt is retained in the fluids of edema, effusions; in large infiltrates, in
pneumonia, in exudative processes; in syndromes of saline dehydration due to copious
extrarenal losses: repeated vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal fistula, profuse sweating, extensive
burns, in intestinal obstruction; in the diet without salt; in diabetes insipidus; in advanced renal
failure; in the immediate postoperative period, due to tissue retention of chlorides.
Increases the elimination of chlorides: in the diet rich in salt; during the diuretic effect of
saluretics and other similar preparations; in certain acute nephropathies (tubular necrosis) in the