47
VIII. ABOUT RESULTS
Basal Metabolic Rate
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the minimum required energy to sustain the body's vital functions
while at rest. These functions include breathing, blood circulation, regulation of body
temperature, cell growth, brain function, and nerve function. BMR tends to decrease with age or
reduction in weight, and is positively correlated with increase in muscle. Disease, food intake,
changes in temperature, and other factors can all influence a person's energy expenditure and
thus BMR
24
.
Waist-Hip Ratio
(Please refer to section on Waist-Hip Ratio)
Waist Circumference
Increase in waist circumference is associated with increased disease risk. Based on data
published by the World Health Organization, the recommended cut-off points for waist
circumference are > 94cm (men) and > 80cm (women) for increased risk of metabolic
complication, and > 102cm (men) and > 88cm (women) for substantially increased risk
25
.
Visceral Fat Area
(Please refer to section on Visceral Fat)
Body Cell Mass
Changes in Body Cell Mass can be used as an indicator for evaluation and tracking of
sarcopenia
26
.
Arm Circumference
According to the WHO and UNICEF, arm circumference of > 11.5cm is one of three screening
criteria for identifying severe acute malnutrition in infants and children 6-60 months
27
. While
some studies have reported that handedness has an influence on circumference, the difference
is fairly small and within the margin of error
28
.
Total Body Water/Fat-Free Mass Ratio (TBW/FFM)
The whole-body TBW/FFM ratio of ~0.73 is the most commonly accepted and utilized value for
stable FFM hydration
29
. Predicted variation range for healthy young adults is approximately
0.69-0.77, affected by body cell mass, extracellular water, ratio of extracellular solids to TBW,
and ICW:ECW ratio
30
.
Fat-free Mass Index, Fat Mass Index, and Skeletal Muscle Index
24. Lazzer, S. , Bedogni, G. , Lafortuna, C. L., Marazzi, N. , Busti, C. , Galli, R. , Col, A. , Agosti, F. and Sartorio, A.
(2010), Relationship Between Basal Metabolic Rate, Gender, Age, and Body Composition in 8,780 White Obese
Subjects. Obesity, 18: 71-78
25. WHO. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation (TRS 894). Geneva,
World Health Organization (WHO), 2000a
Research Information
Basal Metabolic Rate
1625 kcal
Waist-Hip Ratio
0.84
Waist circumference
78.0 cm
Visceral Fat Area
52.0 cm²
Body Cell Mass
37.7 kg
Right Arm Circumference
27.8 cm
Left Arm Circumference
28.7 cm
Arm Muscle Circumference
25.4 cm
TBW / FFM
73.4 %
Fat-free Mass Index
17.7 kg/m²
Fat Mass Index
3.8 kg/m²
Skeletal Muscle Index
9.8 kg/m²