44
VIII. ABOUT RESULTS
Phase Angle (50kHz)
REACTANCE(Xc)
IMPEDANCE(Z)
PHASE ANGLE
FREQUENCY
INCREASE
Φ
RESISTANCE(R)
A higher phase angle can be the result of stronger cell membranes, and as such healthier and
well-nourished cells. A lower phase angle can be caused by weaker cell membranes.
Accordingly, phase angle can be used as a potential health indicator.
Generally speaking, subjects with stronger (and thus healthier) cell membrane have higher
reactance and lower resistance, leading to a higher phase angle. However, because phase angle
is also affected by factors such as age, height, ethnicity, gender, disease, measuring posture,
and measurement device
19
, it is recommended for usage in tracking change of an individual
subject, rather than a one-time measurement.
Charder's patented analysis algorithms can estimate grip strength in context of the overall
population after taking into account muscle mass, age, gender, and other factors
20
. Grip
strength is a general indicator for muscle quality, useful in tracking and evaluation of progress
in rehabilitation programs
2122
.
19. Stobaus N, Pirlich M, Valentini L, Schulzke J D. Determinants of bioelectrical phase angle in disease. British Journal
of Nutrition. Vol.107, Issue 8, p.1217-1220.
20.KC Hsieh, et al., Evaluation muscle function by using a standing bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, Plos One,
2019; Under review.
21.Norman K, et a.. Hand grip strength: outcome predictor and marker of nutritional status. Clin Nutr. 2011; 30: 135-142.
22.Rodríguez-Rodríguez F,et al.. Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis and Muscular Fitness in Healthy Men.
Nutrients. 2016 ; 8(7).407
Muscle Quality
Right
Hand
Left
Hand
383 ~ 468 N
39 ~ 48 kgf
357 ~ 436 N
36 ~ 44 kgf