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UNAOHM

52

EP2500 (Rev. 0)

Figure 25

Simplified block diagram of an IRD DVB-C (QAM) demodulating chain

Figure 26

Simplified block diagram of an IRD DVB-T (OFDM) demodulating chain

Note the following nomenclature for a better understanding of acronyms, notations and abbreviations:

Channel BER = pre Viterbi BER

= BER before Viterbi

Post Viterbi BER

= BER after Viterbi = BER before Reed Solomon

RC (Reed Solomon Corrected) = Errors corrected by the Reed Solomon stage
RU (Reed Solomon Uncorrected ) = Errors not corrected by the Reed Solomon stage

12.4

QPSK MEASUREMENTS

12.4.1

QPSK CH BER & POST-VITERBI BER Measurement

As far as the QPSK signal is concerned, there are two measuring points: one just before the
Convolutional Error Corrector ( or Viterbi) and, in that case, the measurement is called Channel BER
(or pre Viterbi BER), or right after the first correcting stage and, in that case, called post Viterbi BER
(or pre Reed Solomon BER, the name of the second correcting stage).
Since the two measurements are theoretically equated but yield different results, it is necessary to
understand how to “weight” them, what their limitations are in order to carry out a top quality
installation.

Tuner

Serializer

Digitizer

RF Signal

QAM coded

I

Q

Adaptation

equalizer

Reed Solomon

error corrector

Ch-BER (pre R. Solomon BER)

Data output

MPEG coded

RU

DVB-C (QAM) Reception chain

TUNER

I

Q

A/D Converter

Decoder

DVB-T (OFDM) Reception chain

Viterbi Corrector

Reed Solomon

Corrector

Data output MPEG

coded

Post Viterbi BER

Ch-BER

RU

RF Signal

OFDM coded

Constellation

Code Rate

No. of carriers

Guard

Automatic search

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Summary of Contents for EP2500

Page 1: ... 4 11VDC AUXILIARY OUTPUT SOURCE OF POWER 18 7 OPERATING MODE 19 7 1 DEFAULT CONDITIONS 19 7 2 ON SCREEN DISPLAY 19 7 2 1 Screen Saver 19 7 3 VOLUME BRIGHTNESS CONTRAST ADJUSTMENTS 19 7 4 USE of DIGIT KEYS SHAFT ENCODER ARROWS for NUMBER ENTRIES 19 7 5 RESET 20 7 6 TUNING 20 7 6 1 SAT Tuning by Means of Transponder Frequency 20 7 7 ATTENUATOR 21 7 8 LNB REMOTE POWER SUPPLY TO LNB 21 7 9 22 kHz COM...

Page 2: ...ts and Parameters to Acquire 34 7 20 3 Inspection of the Stored Measurements 34 7 20 4 Cancellation of All Data Stored 35 7 20 5 Cancellation of the Last Datum Stored 35 7 20 6 Data Download 35 7 20 6 1 RS232 Transmission Parameters 35 7 21 USE OF THE SCART SOCKET 35 7 21 1 Description of the Connections 36 7 22 RS232 SERIAL PORT CONNECTION 36 7 22 1 Connections 36 7 22 2 Transmission Format 37 7 ...

Page 3: ...mon Uncorrected 55 12 4 4 Summary 55 12 5 OFDM MEASUREMENTS 55 12 5 1 OFDM CH BER and Post Viterbi BER Measurement 56 12 5 2 OFDM MER Measurements 56 12 5 3 OFDM RU Count Reed Solomon Uncorrected 56 12 6 QAM MEASUREMENTS 57 12 6 1 QAM CH BER Measurement 57 12 6 2 QAM MER Measurement 58 12 6 3 QAM RU Count Reed Solomon Uncorrected 58 13 CHANNEL FORMAT TABLE 59 14 WARRANTY 65 Unaohm Start S p A rese...

Page 4: ... s cooling slits or place it near strong sources of heat For prolonged use in the lab or in fixed places the instrument should be removed from the carrying case to allow for better heat dissipation Do not apply DC or RF voltages to the input connectors that are higher than those indicated We recommend periodic inspections of the carrying strap its spring catches and the related rings since they co...

Page 5: ...surfaces 1 Use a soft cloth and non aggressive liquid detergents avoiding petrol based products 2 Make sure liquids or other substances do not penetrate into the instrument 1 4 NOTES The figures of accuracy quoted refer to the temperature reached by the instrument approx 10 15 minutes after turn on Avoid falls and strong shocks to the instrument make sure that the instrument is not subject to shak...

Page 6: ... a BER estimation as opposed to true BER measurement of the missing card based on true C N measurement Viewing of free to air digital signals by means of an MPEG 2 card standard feature 4 black and white CRT for on screen menu and measurement display OSD analogue TV picture display spectral analysis horizontal synch pulse measurement bars Microprocessor control Data Logger Teletext PLL frequency s...

Page 7: ...oportional to signal level Measurement Switchable to peak or average value of the modulation and reading in true rms value for a CW sine wave Measurement bandwidth at 3 dB VHF UHF SAT 100 kHz or 1 MHz switchable Input impedance 75 Ω 1 see special features unbalanced with Vdc component block Maximum voltage applicable 5Vrms RF 100 Vdc Input connector BNC external adapters BNC IEC and BNC F provided...

Page 8: ...ectable both in VHF UHF CATV and SAT Spectrum refresh rate Real time Frequency marker May be positioned throughout the entire frequency range with frequency and level reading Video Filter Switchable Monitor Screen 4 black and white CRT with brightness and contrast controls Functions OSD display against the video background transparent disengaged Measurement reading Level Digital Channel Power C N ...

Page 9: ... Mode Auto 2000 8000 carriers Frequency Range 50 to 860 MHz Hierarchy Non hierarchyc CH BER CH BER pre Viterbi BER Level indication from 1x10 2 to 1x10 5 Resolution 1 5 x10 6 pV BER Post Viterbi BER Level indication from 1x10 2 to 1x10 7 zero MER Modulation Error Ratio From 6 to 26 dB RU Reed Solomon Uncorrected errors Maximum count 65535 Locking Indication LOCKED UNLOCKED NO CARRIER CFO AFC Autom...

Page 10: ...ions and features Power to LNB 13 or 18 V 500 mA automatic protection USB Port Standard 1 0 Female B type connector for external data exchange RS 232 Serial Port Female 9 pole D type connector for external data exchange Power supply Internal Vdc Power By means of a sealed rechargeable 12 V 3 8 Ah Ni MH battery Operational Run From 1hr 30 to 2hrs depending on the facilities engaged Battery Charger ...

Page 11: ...1 QAM card or as an alternative OFDM card either cards must be factory fitted on purchasing the instrument only no later upgrading possible NOTE QAM and OFDM cards can not be fitted inside the instrument at the same time N 1 5 65 MHz module N 1 Power supply BCH16 3 N 1 Adapter BNC IEC P80A N 1 Adapter BNC F P82 N 1 Elite soft carrying case N 1 12 V 3 8Ah Ni MH battery N 1 Instruction Manual 4 2 OP...

Page 12: ...UNAOHM 12 EP2500 Rev 0 Figure 1 Front panel ...

Page 13: ...UNAOHM EP2500 Rev 0 13 Figure2 Left side panel view and serial RS232 and USB ports Figure 3 SCART socket ...

Page 14: ... 13 LED BATT Ch Indicates that the battery is under charge 14 RESET When pressed once it stores the status of the instrument which will be recalled by default when the instrument is turned on see section 7 1 When pressed twice it sets the instrument to a factory set condition default see section 7 5 15 AUTO Sets the attenuator to automatic mode 16 RF IN input connector For all types of signals TV ...

Page 15: ...el tuning mode In the satellite band it selects the LNB local oscillator LO 32 FR Selects the frequency tuning mode 33 PR Selects the program tuning mode 34 OSD Selects the OSD operating mode see section 7 2 35 DIGITAL Allows for the digital channel power and BER measurements 36 Additional multifunction key F5 Its related reading appears on the left part of the rectangular OSD window which in turn...

Page 16: ...harge cycle twice then charge the battery once again so that the battery can reach its full charging capacity 6 2 BATTERY REPLACEMENT Follow the instructions in Figure 4 NOTE During all operations make sure that for any reason at all the positive pole Hot or Live pole of the battery does not become electrically connected to the chassis even for a few instants for example while using tools that may...

Page 17: ...UNAOHM EP2500 Rev 0 17 Figure 4 How to fit or change the battery ...

Page 18: ...echarge the battery CAUTION The negative or minus pole of the external source of power must NEVER come into contact with the ground NOTES The length of recharge time required will never be the cause of damages to the battery in any case The battery capacity is reduced at low operating temperatures When the instrument is not used for long periods of time we recommend to recharge battery at least on...

Page 19: ... saver message is engaged Pressing any key disables the screen saver 7 3 VOLUME BRIGHTNESS CONTRAST ADJUSTMENTS Pressing key 5 6 and 7 allows adjustment of volume brightness and contrast by means of the Shaft Encoder 24 An indexed bar will appear on the bottom part of the screen to ease the adjustment If the adjustment is not carried out within 10 seconds the instruments returns to the previous di...

Page 20: ...ight of the OSD value indicate that the frequency tuned is respectively higher lower than the nominal channel frequency Always press to confirm your entry After confirmation it is possible to increase decrease the value by means of the Shaft Encoder 3 By recalling one of the previously stored programs Press the key PR 33 then follow the instructions in section 7 4 7 6 1 SAT Tuning by Means of Tran...

Page 21: ...WER SUPPLY TO LNB The LNB may be powered in any SAT or terrestrial band as follows 1 Select the voltage to be applied by means of the key 13 18V 26 2 Press the key LNB 25 twice The LED ON 10 lights up The LED CONT 11 lights up when absorption of at least 50 mA is detected connection The output current is automatically limited to 500 mA In case of overload the power supply is disconnected To restor...

Page 22: ...ission the cursor shifts to the other command available which in turn may be transmitted by means of ENTER and so on thereby making it possible to rapidly transmit two commands alternately 4 To simply transmit the command indicated and return to the normal operating mode press DSQ or BACK At the previous point 3 to transmit a command different from the one selected proceed as follows 1 Press the k...

Page 23: ...via the shaft encoder 2 Press ENTER 3 Mark the desired motor setting location via the shaft encoder 4 Press ENTER or BACK to confirm START EAST TO Pressing key 8 allows the dish to be steered towards EAST for a certain time or a certain number of steps regardless of the motor features If TIME mode has been set an arrow will be shown close to the letter T likewise the letter S will have an arrow sh...

Page 24: ...ifts to the inside of the parenthesis 5 UP or DOWN Programs the first digit of the message to be transmitted 6 Shift to the following digit by means of the arrow key 23 and program it once again by means of the keys UP or DOWN 7 In the same way program all of the desired digits max eight The last digit programmed may be cancelled by means of DELET E 8 Once the message has been completed press BACK...

Page 25: ... out and is the only valid one for level measurements 4 TV The instrument operates as a normal TV 5 Monitor EXTernal Reproduces external video and audio signals To pass from one mode to another use the multifunction keys 4 7 13 SPECTRUM ANALYSER FUNCTION To enter the spectrum analyser mode press the key SPEC In this operating mode the entire band selected is displayed on the screen The band freque...

Page 26: ...hat of the spectrum analyser mode except for RANGE on the lower left substituted by MORE pressing the additional 36 in fact access is given to the three special ratio measurements Video Audio Carrier Noise ratio digital channel power described in the following chapters NOTES for SPECTrum and EXPanded functions The frequency range is slightly extended beyond the limits quoted It should be noted how...

Page 27: ...mistuned even quite evident vertical ripples may appear on the screen In measurement mode The upper box in the middle of the OSD display indicates The level normally in dBµV or in dBm dBmV or V by means of the utility routines see section 8 The lower box in the middle of the OSD display indicates The marker frequency The channel number related to the marker frequency if present The program The eng...

Page 28: ...trial band the audio subcarrier of the TV standard selected is automatically tuned while in the satellite band the following procedure should be followed 1 Press SOUND SAT 22 In the lower section of the OSD SC for sound carrier will be indicated together with the number 0 or 1 corresponding to one of the two storable subcarriers 2 Select one of the subcarriers by means of the Shaft Encoder 3 To ch...

Page 29: ...EXT FUNCTION To select the TV function press TV Figure 12 shows the OSD readings and the TV picture received Its related audio subcarrier is regularly received as well By pressing TXT Teletext is engaged It is possible to change page directly by composing the page number on the numerical keyboard or sequentially by means of the Shaft Encoder To return to the TV function press any one of the multif...

Page 30: ...CKET 7 18 USE OF THE PROGRAM MEMORIES The instrument is equipped with 100 program memories from 0 to 99 Each program contains Tuning frequency Channel if available TV standard Video SAT signal polarity 22 kHz tone status Power to the LNB Two SAT Audio subcarrier frequencies SAT audio bandwidth and deemphasis Resolution bandwidth The type of demodulator used in the measurement mode One of the DiSEq...

Page 31: ...nnel Power To measure the power of a digital channel 1 Tune to the center of the channel to be measured see section 7 6 2 Press MORE then DCP 3 If the bandwidth of the channel to be measured is not the default one 8 MHz for terrestrial and 30 MHz for SAT press CHBW and set it by means of the Shaft Encoder 4 The measurement unit of the result may be different from the current level measurement unit...

Page 32: ...to section 9 1 1 For the use of the QAM card refer to section 9 1 5 and for the use of the OFDM card refer to section 9 1 3 in this manual 7 19 5 QAM and OFDM CH BER Estimation When either card QAM or OFDM is missing the unit provides the operator with a channel BER estimation for the missing digital signal Because BER depends on actual link quality such as C N ratio mismatching and interference f...

Page 33: ...which in turn is indicated on the middle box at the middle to left hand side of the same display 3 Press BACK to exit this operational mode 7 19 5 2 QAM BER Estimation As far as QAM BER estimation is concerned the same procedure as that we described for OFDM signals see 7 19 5 1 applies Notice though the only difference is the parameter setting you only have to set the modulation constellation her...

Page 34: ...o ratio Ratio between Video and stereo Audio of analogue terrestrial channels Press ENTER to engage or disengage the parameter during acquisition an asterisk will appear to indicate the parameter is active BER Bit Error Rate digital channels only Press ENTER to engage or disengage the parameter during acquisition an asterisk will appear to indicate the parameter is active MER Modulation Error Rati...

Page 35: ...Download 1 Enter the Data Logger function pressing DATA 19 2 UP or DOWN Position to LOGGED DATA and press ENTER 3 UP or DOWN Position to DATA OUT and press ENTER 4 Press EXIT to exit completely the Data Logger function Or as a more direct alternative 1 Enter the Data Logger function pressing DATA 19 2 UP or DOWN Position to DOWNLOAD and press ENTER 3 Press EXIT to exit completely the Data Logger f...

Page 36: ...a Personal Computer or other devices 7 22 1 Connections The RS232 connector is located on the side panel of the auxiliary functions 43 Figure 18 shows the connector pin layout 1 NC Not connected 2 Rx Data reception Direction Instrument PC 3 Tx Data transmission Direction Instrument PC 4 DTR Data Terminal Ready Direction Instrument PC When this line is active the PC informs the instrument that the ...

Page 37: ... check is carried out on the command but not on the data For example QX27 is not accepted the command QX does not exist FQ560 25 programs the tuning frequency on 560 25 MHz FQ4yg 1a programs a random frequency 7 23 USB PORT CONNECTION Like the RS232 serial port it is possible to connect the instrument to a Personal Computer or other devices 7 23 1 How to Load USB Drivers onto a PC The first time y...

Page 38: ...ed in this mode it is possible to carry out the necessary settings If instead a submenu is reached use the multifunction keys or the Shaft Encoder to scroll them and then ENTER or to select the desired one etc It is possible to return to the previous menu from any submenu by pressing BACK or to return to the previous functioning mode by pressing MENU 20 The software version of the instrument is in...

Page 39: ...o confirm each time a key is pressed This buzzer may be engaged or disengaged as follows 1 Press the key MENU 20 to enter the main menu 2 Press UP DOWN 4 or until the OSD displays a small white square next to the message CONFIGURATION then press 21 to confirm 3 Press the keys UP DOWN until the OSD displays a small white square beside the message BUZZER Press 21 to confirm 4 Press BACK twice or MEN...

Page 40: ...the reading of the amount of time taken to count the errors The chronometer like the RU error reading is reset to zero when the QPSK signal is unlocked On the line below MER Modulation Error ratio of the digital channel is shown in dB This measurement too is valid only when the carrier is locked The CFO Center Frequency Offset indicates the difference between the nominal carrier frequency and the ...

Page 41: ...ation possible that is compatible with the OK reading The SYMBOL RATE may be set as follows 1 PRMT 2 SYMB 3 The shaft encoder and if necessary Press to set the value 4 BACK to terminate While the QPSK module is operating it is possible to change the tuning frequency as for the analogue satellite band but keep in mind that response time of the instrument is longer in digital mode If storing in a pr...

Page 42: ...s reset to zero when the QPSK signal is not locked The maximum RU count is 65535 On the line below MER Modulation Error ratio of the digital channel is shown in dB This measurement too is valid only when the carrier is locked The CFO Center Frequency Offset indicates the difference between the carrier frequency set and the effective operating value On the same line PWR index and a writing OK HIGH ...

Page 43: ...ollowed by the card status LOCKED when the signal has been locked UNLOCKED when the parameters are not in the correct range of values and NO CARRIER in the absence of an input signal The ANALOGUE BAR on the line below moves in a logarithmic scale to shows instantaneous variations of the BER This bar becomes longer from left to right in proportion to the better quality of the signal as the BER decr...

Page 44: ...21 must read OK If necessary use the attenuator engaging the lowest attenuation step which guarantees the OK reading Modulation and spectrum are automatically set The Symbol Rate can be set as follows PRMT SYMB Shaft encoder and if necessary and to set the value BACK to terminate While the OFDM card is operating it is possible to change the tuning frequency as in the case of the UHF band in analog...

Page 45: ...ograms which are separately available the list of audio channels associated with each video program if the program is not scrambled it is decoded and may be viewed 10 1 HOW TO USE THE MPEG CARD 1 Tune to a digital channel 2 The instrument should be set to one of the following modes Spectrum Span Measure or TV Press the key DIGITAL 35 on the front of the instrument This enables the suitable digital...

Page 46: ... of A sequential number The name of the channel The video PID The number of audio signals available If more than 15 lines are needed to list all the information then data are available on the screen in different displays which may be scrolled via the shaft encoder When the shaft encoder is used for such a task frequency selection through it is overridden Figure 23 MPEG Network Information Table di...

Page 47: ...4 or ENTER 21 To return to BER display press the multifunction key F1 At the bottom of the display appears the name of the tuned program and the video and audio PIDs in decimal format It is possible to select the various free to air video programs in sequence by means of the Shaft Encoder or the multifunction keys F2 UP and F3 DOWN 10 2 2 Audio Channel Selection If the program being viewed contain...

Page 48: ... SW7 OFF 17 E0 10 39 40 Write N0 04 SW7 ON 18 E0 10 39 04 Write N0 80 SW8 OFF 19 E0 10 39 80 Write N0 08 SW8 ON 20 E0 10 39 08 Set Lo l LO 24 E0 10 20 Set VR V Pol 25 E0 10 21 Set Pos A Sat Po A 26 E0 10 22 Set S0A SW Opt A 27 E0 10 23 Set Hi h LO 28 E0 10 24 Set HL H Pol 29 E0 10 25 Set Pos B Sat Po B 30 E0 10 26 Set S0B SW Opt B 31 E0 10 27 Set S1A Sel SW1 in A 32 E0 10 28 Set S2A Sel SW2 in A 3...

Page 49: ... LO 63 E0 10 39 F7 Write N1 F8 Po 3 V l LO 64 E0 10 39 F8 Write N1 F9 Po 3 V h LO 65 E0 10 39 F9 Write N1 FA Po 3 H l LO 66 E0 10 39 FA Write N1 FB Po 3 H h LO 67 E0 10 39 FB Write N1 FC Po 4 V l LO 68 E0 10 39 FC Write N1 FD Po 4 V h LO 69 E0 10 39 FD Write N1 FE Po 4 H l LO 70 E0 10 39 FE Write N1 FF Po 4 H h LO 71 E0 10 39 FF USER1 User defined command 1 72 XX XX XX USER2 User defined command 2...

Page 50: ...M This is the speed at which digital data are transmitted Each symbol corresponds to two bits equivalent to the Baud Rate in telephone modems in QPSK from four to eight bits in QAM and to a very high number of bits several thousands in OFDM environment Currently for example the most used Symbol Rates are 27 5 MS s Mega Symbol second in QPSK and 6 111 MS s in QAM The OFDM is a particular transport ...

Page 51: ...or any preventive action he wishes to take a digital signal remains perfect until the decoder is capable of reconstructing it on reception after which it goes astray completely and abruptly The measurement for digital signal quality is therefore quite difficult and must be based on a method which is very sensitive to noise This method is called BER or Bit Error Ratio BER is the measurement of the ...

Page 52: ...he Convolutional Error Corrector or Viterbi and in that case the measurement is called Channel BER or pre Viterbi BER or right after the first correcting stage and in that case called post Viterbi BER or pre Reed Solomon BER the name of the second correcting stage Since the two measurements are theoretically equated but yield different results it is necessary to understand how to weight them what ...

Page 53: ...ot therefore provide information useful to establish whether or not the installation is correct as far as digital signal reception is concerned In fact to guarantee in the worst hypothesis that the pV BER is at least 1E 4 from the LNB output or headend it should measure a pV BER of at least 1E 12 However for the above mentioned reasons it is impossible to measure such a value Fortunately a much mo...

Page 54: ... the CH BER Indicatively for a good installation that should withstand variations throughout long periods of time aging of components thermal shifts and those provoked by changes in meteorological conditions weakening due to snow rain the initial conditions to be obtained are summarized along general lines in the following table Measurement carried out on CH BER pre Viterbi BER LNB output or Heade...

Page 55: ...no relationship between the quality of the picture and the quality of the digital signal 2 The most important and practical quality index is the CH BER 3 The BER evaluation may be carried out only after all the phases of the receiver up to the error corrector have tracked the signal 4 In order that all the stages may lock the signal the variable transmission parameters Channel frequency Spectrum S...

Page 56: ... of errors in reception is higher and consequently even the post Viterbi measurement becomes possible It will still however be necessary to keep a good margin with respect to the QEF value of 2E 4 In general for a good installation that should resist variations throughout long periods of time aging of components thermal shifts and those provoked by changes in meteorological conditions weakening du...

Page 57: ... instrument directly supplies the Channel BER CH BER or PRE REED SOLOMON BER measurement which is the most significant parameter since 1 It is immediately measurable with all the signals present in the installation from optimal to mediocre 2 It supplies an indication of the noise margin from the reception threshold obviously if the installation allows for an even minimal reception The diagram in F...

Page 58: ...e to observe the loss of signal blocks that appear on the TV picture as corrupted pixels image pixellation or mosaics effect RU Reed Solomon Uncorrected Identified errors that are not corrected is a register that increases precisely when these events occur Naturally the worse the BER is the more rapidly the RU will increase The value of the RU register is increased from 0 to 65535 and are blocked ...

Page 59: ... ITALY S 11 231 25 99 288 75 27 519 25 S 12 238 25 100 296 75 28 527 25 A 53 75 S 13 245 25 29 535 25 B 62 25 S 14 252 25 CCETT Channels 30 543 25 C 82 25 S 15 259 25 31 551 25 D 175 25 S 16 266 25 32 559 25 E 183 75 S 17 273 25 FOPTA 33 567 25 F 192 25 S 18 280 25 34 575 25 G 201 25 S 19 287 25 4 175 25 35 583 25 H 210 25 S 20 294 25 5 183 25 36 591 25 H1 217 25 S 21 303 25 6 191 25 37 599 25 H2 ...

Page 60: ...S CH SECAM L 10 5MHz 21 288 CCIR VHF Standard B 70 120 75 71 131 25 SECAM 5 12 MHz S 1 105 25 72 141 75 S 2 112 25 73 152 25 0 303 25 S 3 119 25 74 161 75 1 315 25 S 4 126 25 75 173 25 2 327 25 S 5 133 25 76 183 75 3 339 25 S 6 140 25 77 194 25 4 351 25 S 7 147 25 78 204 75 5 363 25 S 8 154 25 79 215 25 6 375 25 S 9 161 25 80 225 75 7 387 25 S 10 168 25 81 236 25 8 399 25 S 11 231 25 82 246 75 9 4...

Page 61: ...399 25 12 224 25 I H 207 25 29 344 00 28 415 25 I J 215 25 30 352 00 29 423 25 20 471 25 CCIR UHF 31 360 00 30 431 25 21 478 25 32 368 00 U 21 471 25 22 485 25 UK0 33 376 00 U 22 479 25 23 492 25 CCIR UHF 34 384 00 U 23 487 25 24 499 25 35 392 00 U 24 495 25 25 506 25 UK1 36 400 00 U 25 503 25 26 513 25 37 408 00 U 26 511 25 27 520 25 B 1 45 00 38 416 00 U 27 519 25 28 527 25 B 2 51 75 39 424 00 U...

Page 62: ...71 828 25 19 501 25 75 837 25 G 20 157 25 72 835 25 20 507 25 76 843 25 H 21 163 25 73 842 25 21 513 25 77 849 25 I 22 169 25 74 849 25 22 519 25 78 855 25 7 7 175 25 75 856 25 23 525 25 79 861 25 8 8 181 25 24 531 25 80 867 25 9 9 187 25 25 537 25 81 873 25 10 10 193 25 NEW ZEALAND 26 543 25 82 879 25 11 11 199 25 27 549 25 83 885 25 12 12 205 25 1 45 25 28 555 25 13 13 211 25 2 55 25 29 561 25 J...

Page 63: ...25 R 6 175 25 70 499 25 28 631 25 R 7 183 25 71 505 25 29 639 25 R 8 191 25 72 511 25 30 647 25 R 9 199 25 73 517 25 31 655 25 R 10 207 25 74 523 25 32 663 25 R 11 215 25 75 529 25 33 671 25 R 12 223 25 76 535 25 34 679 25 77 541 25 35 687 25 O 1 111 25 78 547 25 36 695 25 O 2 119 25 79 553 25 37 703 25 O 3 127 25 80 559 25 38 711 25 O 4 135 25 81 565 25 39 719 25 O 5 143 25 82 571 25 40 727 25 O ...

Page 64: ... 25 E6 182 25 S30 375 25 C07 183 25 E7 189 25 S31 383 25 C08 191 25 E8 196 25 S32 391 25 C09 199 25 E9 203 25 S33 399 25 C10 207 25 E10 210 25 S34 407 25 C11 215 25 E11 217 25 S35 415 25 C12 223 25 E12 224 25 S36 423 25 S09 231 25 B11 231 25 S37 431 25 S10 239 25 B12 238 25 S38 439 25 S11 247 25 B13 245 25 S39 447 25 S12 255 25 B14 252 25 S40 455 25 S13 263 25 B15 259 25 S41 463 25 S14 271 25 B16 ...

Page 65: ...crete components when integrated circuits are used the supply of spare parts is guaranteed up to the depletion of our stock and depending on the possibility of procuring them on the worldwide market The repair of instruments out of warranty is normally carried out and then the final cost is communicated to the customer the eventual request for an estimate of this cost prior to the actual repair mu...

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