Rohde & Schwarz ZND Series Getting Started Download

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R&S

ZND

Vector Network Analyzers

Getting Started

Version 52

1316240702

(=@H72)

Summary of Contents for ZND Series

Page 1: ...R S ZND Vector Network Analyzers Getting Started Getting Started Version 52 1316240702 H72 ...

Page 2: ...ND K6 R S ZND K6 Bidirectional measurements 9 kHz to 8 5 GHz order no 1328 5329 02 requires R S ZND K1 not compatible with R S ZND K5 and R S ZND K8 R S ZND K8 Frequency range extension to 8 5 GHz for bidirectional instrument order no 1328 5412 02 requires R S ZND K5 not compatible with R S ZND K1 and R S ZND K6 R S ZND K7 Extended Power Range order no 1328 5335 02 R S ZND K19 1 mHz Frequency Reso...

Page 3: ...on 10 2 2 1 Typographical Conventions 10 2 2 2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions 10 2 2 3 Notes on Screenshots 10 3 Putting the Analyzer into Operation 11 3 1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument 11 3 2 Positioning the Instrument 11 3 3 Bench Top Operation 12 3 4 Operation in a 19 Rack 13 3 5 EMI Suppression 13 3 6 Connecting the Analyzer to the AC Supply 14 3 7 Starting the Analyzer and Shu...

Page 4: ...5 2 1 Title Bar 34 5 2 2 Toolbar 34 5 2 3 Softtools 35 5 2 4 Menu Bar 36 5 2 5 Menu Structure 37 5 2 6 Hardkey Panel 38 5 2 7 Status Bar 38 5 3 Working with Dialogs 39 5 4 Handling Diagrams Traces and Markers 40 5 4 1 Adding New Traces and Diagrams 40 5 4 2 Adding New Markers 42 5 4 3 Deleting Display Elements 43 5 4 4 Using Drag and Drop 43 5 5 Entering Data 44 5 5 1 Using Front Panel Keys 44 5 5...

Page 5: ... 1 2 Selecting the Sweep Range and Other Parameters 56 6 1 3 Calibrating the Instrument 56 6 1 4 Evaluating Data 59 6 1 5 Saving and Printing Data 60 6 2 Reflection S Parameter Measurement 61 7 Administrative Tasks 63 7 1 Windows Operating System 63 7 2 Firmware Installation 64 7 3 Remote Operation in a LAN 64 7 3 1 Assigning an IP Address 65 7 3 2 Using Computer Names 67 7 3 3 Remote Desktop Conn...

Page 6: ...Contents R S ZND 6 Getting Started 1316 2407 02 52 ...

Page 7: ...d laboratory environments Use the R S ZND only for its designated purpose Observe the operating conditions and performance limits stated in the data sheet Where do I find safety information Safety information is part of the product documentation It warns you about the poten tial dangers and gives instructions how to prevent personal injuries or damage caused by dangerous situations Safety informat...

Page 8: ...r manual contains the description of all instrument modes and functions It also provides an introduction to remote control a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples and information on maintenance instrument interfaces and error messages Includes the contents of the getting started manual The contents of the user manual are available as help in the R S ZND The ...

Page 9: ...nd optional accessories The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific char acteristics See https www rohde schwarz com brochure datasheet ZND 2 1 7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment OSA The release notes list new features improvements and known issues of the current firmware version and describe the firmware installation The open source acknowledgment d...

Page 10: ...methods may be available to per form the same task In this case the procedure using the touchscreen is described Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an addition ally connected mouse The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or the on screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating pro cedures The term select may ref...

Page 11: ... damage to the instrument Read and observe the basic safety instructions provided with the instrument in addition to the safety instructions in the following sections In particular Do not open the instrument casing 3 1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument Check the equipment for completeness using the delivery note and the accessory lists for the various items If you notice any damage immediately...

Page 12: ...and are not overloaded Instrument damage caused by electrostatic discharge Electrostatic discharge ESD can damage the electronic components of the instrument and the device under test DUT Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when you connect or disconnect a DUT or test fixture to the instrument s test ports To pre vent electrostatic discharge use a wrist strap and cord and connect yours...

Page 13: ... S ZND can be mounted in 19 racks using the adapter R S ZZA KN5 order number 1175 3040 00 Proceed according to the mounting instructions supplied with the rack adapter Risk of instrument damage due to insufficient airflow in a rack If you mount several instruments in a rack you need an efficient ventilation concept to ensure that the instruments do not overheat Insufficient airflow for a longer pe...

Page 14: ...nd the typical power consumption of the individual analyzer models are listed in the data sheet 3 7 Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down The AC power switch is located in the upper part of the rear panel together with the mains connector see Chapter 4 2 Rear Panel on page 25 To start the analyzer proceed as follows 1 Switch the AC power switch to position I On After power on the analyzer automa...

Page 15: ... recommendable however to switch it off if the instrument is not used for some time When you switch the instrument back on be sure to comply with the extended warm up phase specified in the data sheet To guarantee the specified functionality after turning off the R S ZND you have to wait for at least 10 seconds before turning it on again This rule applies to both the AC power off and the standby s...

Page 16: ... local operation A R S ZND can be fully controlled by tapping the touchscreen and front panel keys 3 9 1 Connecting a Monitor A standard monitor can be connected to the DVI D connector on the rear panel of the R S ZND No extra configuration is required Safety aspects The monitor must be connected while the instrument is switched off or in standby mode Otherwise correct operation cannot be guarante...

Page 17: ... To access Windows use the button in the toolbar of the application window 3 9 4 Connecting a Printer A printer can be connected to any of the USB connectors After successful installation it can safely be disconnected and reconnected even during measurements Before printing SYSTEM PRINT the analyzer checks whether a printer is connec ted and turned on and whether the appropriate printer driver is ...

Page 18: ...s on page 65 2 Connect a CAT6 or CAT7 LAN cable to the LAN port The LAN port of the analyzer is an auto crossover Ethernet port You can connect it to a network but you can also set up a direct connection to a computer or another instru ment For both connection types you can use either crossover or straight through patch cables The IP address information is displayed in the SYSTEM SETUP Remote Set ...

Page 19: ...Putting the Analyzer into Operation R S ZND 19 Getting Started 1316 2407 02 52 A software update restores the original shortcut properties Minimizing the VNA Application ...

Page 20: ...fttool panels left side the hardkey area right side and the test port area below Brief explanations on the controls and connectors the hardkey area and the rear panel can be found on the next pages Figure 4 1 Front View of R S ZND Instrument damage caused by cleaning agents Cleaning agents contain substances such as solvents thinners acetone etc acids bases or other substances Solvents can damage ...

Page 21: ... operating system can be used to switch off the display if the analyzer receives no command for a selectable period of time The display is switched on again if any front panel key is pressed To enable the screen saver access the Windows operating system e g by pressing the Windows key in the SYSTEM keypad and tap Control Panel Power Options Change Plan Settings Turn off the display Windows 7 Contr...

Page 22: ...t parameters to shift the measurement plane The STIMULUS keys START STOP CENTER SPAN define the sweep range depending on the sweep type The SYSTEM keys provide general system settings FILE provides standard Windows functions used to create save recall or print recall sets to copy the active screen and to shut down the application The PRINT settings control an external printer that is used to print...

Page 23: ...eys enter the letters G M K respectively x1 is equivalent to ENTER and confirms the previous entry ESC is used to Cancel entries close dialogs without activating the entries made equivalent to the Close button Close the Help system ENTER is used to Activate the selected active control element e g a button in a dialog or a link in the Contents page of the Help system Confirm selections and entries ...

Page 24: ...enus or the Help table of contents Move the highlighted item in the menu bar of the active application ENT OK is equivalent to the action of the ENTER key in the DATA ENTRY keypad UNDO reverses the last action if possible REDO reverses the action of the UNDO button 4 1 6 Standby Key The standby toggle switch is located in the bottom left corner of the front panel The key serves two main purposes T...

Page 25: ...ording to the front panel labeling or the data sheet must not be exceeded In addition the maximum input voltages of the other input connectors at the rear panel must not be exceeded Use a torque wrench when screwing RF cables on the test port connectors 4 1 7 2 USB Connectors Four USB 2 0 connectors of type A master USB The USB ports can be used to connect External PC accessories such as mouse or ...

Page 26: ...ncy of the R S ZND Use this connector to synchronize other instruments to the analyzer REF IN is a BNC input for an external reference frequency Use this connector to synchronize the R S ZND to another device SYSTEM DRIVE contains the removable system drive of the R S ZND containing all software including the operating system and the VNA application and data Do not remove the system drive during o...

Page 27: ... Interface provides a Centronics 36 input output connector Input levels EMC The maximum input levels and voltages of the input connectors at the front and rear panel must not be exceeded Match signals with 50 Ω to comply with EMC directives See also Chapter 3 5 EMI Suppression on page 13 Rear Panel ...

Page 28: ...te control are described in the GUI Ref erence and Command Reference chapters of the user manual respectively GUI func tions and related remote commands are linked bidirectionally Background information is provided in the Concepts and Features chapter of the user manual 5 1 Manual Operation The analyzer functions are accessible via several tabbed softtools each presenting related functions and set...

Page 29: ...key panel by selecting deselecting Display View Bar Hard Key Panel On from the main menu The following table shows possible touchscreen operations with the corresponding mouse operations Touchscreen Mouse Typical task Tap control element for a short time Click control element left mouse button Select button or tab Tap for an extended time tap and hold Click right button Open context menu Tap twice...

Page 30: ...onal R S ZND right bidirectional R S ZND 3 Select a control element e g Z S11 The diagram immediately reflects your selection The active trace shows the mea surement results for the selected measured quantity A control element with three dots e g SYSTEM SETUP Setup System Con fig opens a dialog containing a group of related settings a wizard or additional information Manual Operation ...

Page 31: ...lect TRACE MEAS Z Sij Z S11 The diagram immediately reflects your selection The active trace shows the mea surement results for the selected measured quantity At the same time the related softtool tab is opened Using context menus Context menus are another alternative for quick access to instrument settings 1 Touch and hold right click the measured quantity section in the trace info for a couple o...

Page 32: ...tting Started 1316 2407 02 52 left unidirectional R S ZND right bidirectional R S ZND 2 Select S Parameter to open the Meas S Params softtool tab left unidirectional R S ZND right bidirectional R S ZND 3 Select Z Sij Z S11 Manual Operation ...

Page 33: ...sults There are several alternative ways for accessing an instrument function Using a function key on the virtual hardkey panel to open the related softtool rec ommended provides all settings Using the menus and submenus of the menu bar alternative to the previous method Using the context menus of certain display objects for important actions in the context of this object Using the icons in the to...

Page 34: ...ull screen mode using SYSTEM DISPLAY View Bar Title and Task Bar On If full screen mode is switched off the main application window of the vector network analyzer application provides a standard Windows title bar 5 2 2 Toolbar The toolbar above the diagram area contains the most frequently used control ele ments of the user interface All controls are also accessible via Softtools The toolbar is di...

Page 35: ...he active trace single tap the trash icon or an arbitrary trace drag drop its trace info field to the trash icon Or delete all markers of a trace drag drop the marker info field to the trash icon These icons provide the following actions from left to right Print the current diagrams to a bitmap file same as SYSTEM FILE Print To File By default all diagrams are printed no matter if displayed or not...

Page 36: ... bottom of the diagram As in any Windows application menus can be controlled with the touchscreen or a mouse A short tap left mouse click expands a menu or submenu If a menu com mand has no submenu assigned a short tap left mouse click opens a dialog or directly activates the menu command When a sub menu is selected the R S ZND displays the corresponding softtool Overview of menu functions The Fil...

Page 37: ...des assistance with the network analyzer and its operation You can toggle the visibility of the menu bar using SYSTEM DISPLAY View Bar Menu Bar 5 2 5 Menu Structure All menus show an analogous structure A menu command with a right arrow expands a submenu with further related set tings Example Marker expands a submenu with marker related properties A menu command with three dots appended calls up a...

Page 38: ... ZND it is hidden by default You can display the Hard Key panel using one of the following methods Select SYSTEM DISPLAY View Bar Hard Key Panel Select Display View Bar Hard Key Panel On from the menu bar Select Hard Key from the context menu of the softtool panel 5 2 7 Status Bar The status bar shows the active channel the current channel s sweep averaging counter e g Ch i Avg 9 10 or Ch i Avg No...

Page 39: ...is configured See the R S ZND User Manual the current date and time Figure 5 3 R S ZND with switch matrix The progress bar shows a moving color gradient if the current sweep is too fast to be monitored e g because the number of sweep points is low You can hide show the sta tus bar using SYSTEM DISPLAY View Bar Status Bar 5 3 Working with Dialogs Dialogs provide groups of related settings and allow...

Page 40: ...e Help system provides useful information about each dialog s specific settings Select Help to open the Help 5 4 Handling Diagrams Traces and Markers The analyzer displays measurement results as traces in rectangular diagrams Markers are used to read specific numerical values and to search for points or regions on a trace The following section presents some of the graphical tools the R S ZND pro v...

Page 41: ...nd contents as shown below 2 Select the adequate drop position depending on whether you want to display the new trace in the existing diagram or whether you want to add a new diagram The highlighted area indicates the target diagram 3 In the dialog box that is opened when you release the New Trace icon select the S parameter to be measured Handling Diagrams Traces and Markers ...

Page 42: ...Select TRACE TRACE CONFIG to access more trace handling functions Select SYSTEM DISPLAY to access more diagram handling functions 5 4 2 Adding New Markers A marker is needed for instance to read a particular numerical trace value To add a new marker Drag and drop the New Marker icon from the toolbar to the desired position in the target diagram The marker appears on the target diagram s active tra...

Page 43: ... drop its trace line onto the Delete icon The active trace can also be deleted by tapping clicking the Delete icon Note however that the last remaining trace cannot be deleted To delete a diagram drag and drop its diagram number label onto the Delete icon Note however that the last remaining diagram cannot be deleted To delete a channel drag and drop all associated traces onto the Delete icon Note...

Page 44: ...6 1 Using the Graphical Zoom on page 48 Marker Create See Chapter 5 4 2 Adding New Markers on page 42 Move horizontally Marker symbol Delete Marker or marker info field Delete icon see Chapter 5 4 3 Deleting Display Elements on page 43 Marker info field Add See Chapter 5 4 2 Adding New Markers on page 42 Move within diagram Marker info field move to one of several pre defined positions Delete See ...

Page 45: ...o activate it 2 Press the DATA ENTRY keys as if you were writing a short message on your mobile phone Use 0 to 9 to enter the corresponding numbers Use and to enter a dot or hyphen Use Use G n M μ or k m to enter the letters G M or K case insensitive Use the key to correct wrong entries deleting the character to the left of the current cursor position Press ENTER to complete an entry Press ESC to ...

Page 46: ...sor up down buttons to increment decrement the current value If a marker is active you can also set the numeric value to the current marker value Set to Marker 4 After completing the input string select ENTER to apply your selection and close the numeric editor STEP SIZE key If a numeric input field is active the STEP SIZE front panel key opens a dialog box containing the Step Size panel of the nu...

Page 47: ...apply your selection and close the keyboard 5 5 4 Using the Windows On Screen Keyboard The Windows on screen keyboard allows you to enter characters in particular letters even if an input field cannot call up the analyzer s own on screen keyboard Examples are input fields in standard Windows dialogs Figure 5 4 Windows 10 on screen keyboard To call up the on screen keyboard 1 Open the SYSTEM APPLIC...

Page 48: ...h and polar diagrams it is not available To activate the graphical zoom Select the Zoom Config icon in the toolbar above the diagram area and make sure that the graphical zoom mode is active Select the Zoom Select toggle button in the toolbar above the diagram area The icon changes its background color from black to blue In the active diagram area select an appropriate rectangular area The zoomed ...

Page 49: ...diagram is graphically zoomed Overview On in the Zoom softtool tab toggles an overview The upper part of the diagram then shows a small version of the unzoomed diagram You can move the zoomed part of the trace by moving the rectangular area in the overview To zoom the stimulus range keeping the number of sweep points constant use the Zoom Config toolbar icon and select Mode Stimulus Zoom Then use ...

Page 50: ...works for radial diagrams Changing the Scale Div modifies the value of the vertical or radial diagram divi sions and thus the entire range of response values displayed The Scale Div and the Ref Value are indicated in the scale section of the trace info In the example below a Scale Div of 10 dB and a Ref Value of 0 dB is used To change such a scale parameter use one of the following methods Open th...

Page 51: ... methods Locate it on the TRACE SCALE Scale Values softtool tab Tap and hold with a mouse right click the scale section in the trace info and select the parameter from the context menu Select the parameter from the Trace Scale menu Use the Set by Marker functions see Chapter 5 6 6 Set by Marker on page 51 5 6 6 Set by Marker The Set by Marker functions are a convenient tool for scaling in particul...

Page 52: ...a normal marker e g the marker Mkr 1 default label M1 2 Place M1 to a particular trace point e g use the Marker Search functions to locate a maximum or minimum on the trace 3 Select TRACE MARKER Set by Marker Max Marker to move the trace towards the upper diagram edge leaving the values of the vertical divisions Scale Div and the overall vertical scale unchanged Analogously select Min Marker to mo...

Page 53: ...ed 1316 2407 02 52 The SYSTEM DISPLAY Config softtool tab defines optional display elements for the interior of the diagrams Use the context menu of the diagram the SYSTEM DISPLAY key or the Display menu to access the display settings Scaling Diagrams ...

Page 54: ...ter Wizard correspond to the typical stages of any measurement 1 Select the test setup 2 Define port impedances 3 Select the measurement parameters and the diagrams 4 Define the sweep range 5 Adjust the receiver and source settings measurement bandwidth source power 6 Perform a calibration 6 1 Transmission S Parameter Measurement In a transmission measurement the analyzer transmits a stimulus sign...

Page 55: ... DUT 1 2 VNA 1 2 1 Connect the DUT between test ports 1 and 2 of the network analyzer as shown above 2 Switch on the instrument and start the VNA application Proceed as described in Chapter 3 7 Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down on page 14 3 Use the PRESET key to restore a well defined instrument state The analyzer is now set to its default state The default measured quantity is the transmiss...

Page 56: ...ep range 1 Select STIMULUS START and set the Start Frequency to the lowest fre quency you want to measure e g 1 77 GHz For convenient numeric entry open the Numeric Editor see Chapter 5 5 2 Using the Numeric Editor on page 46 Tip If you use the DATA ENTRY keys at the front panel for data entry type 1 7 7 and terminate the entry with the G n key Refer to Chapter 5 5 Entering Data on page 44 to lear...

Page 57: ...ngle Through it is possible to perform a transmission normalization compen sating for a frequency dependent attenuation and phase shift in the signal paths Due to the R S ZND s calibration wizard calibration is a straightforward guided proc ess 1 Replace the DUT by the Through standard of your calibration kit Make sure to dis connect all calibration units 2 Select CHANNEL CAL Start Manual to open ...

Page 58: ...rough standard and the calibration kit here R S ZV Z121 6 Tap Start 7 The calibration dock widget indicates the standard measurements that make up a Trans Norm calibration Select Through mm to initiate the measurement of the connected Through stan dard Measuring the isolation between ports 1 and 2 is optional Skip it for now Transmission S Parameter Measurement ...

Page 59: ...s to optimize the display and analyze the measure ment data For instance you can use markers to determine maxima and minima on the trace and change the display format to obtain information about the group delay of the transmitted wave 1 Select TRACE MARKER Markers Mkr 1 This places marker M1 to its default position center of the sweep range A marker symbol triangle appears on the trace a marker in...

Page 60: ...on or in an external application Data transfer is made easier if external accessories are connected to the analyzer or if the instrument is integrated into a LAN Refer to Chapter 3 9 Connecting External Accessories on page 16 and Chapter 7 3 Remote Operation in a LAN on page 64 to obtain information about the necessary steps 1 Activate the SYSTEM FILE Trace Data softtool tab 2 In the Trace Data so...

Page 61: ...ifferent trace for mats allow you to express and display the results depending on what you want to learn from the data Only one analyzer test port is required for reflection measure ments In principle a reflection measurement involves the same steps as a transmission mea surement Note the following differences The basic test setup for reflection measurements involves a single DUT and ana lyzer por...

Page 62: ... parameters Some of the trace formats are particularly suited for reflection measurements For instance you can display the measured reflection coefficient S11 in a Smith chart to obtain the complex input impedance at port 1 Proceed as described in Chapter 3 7 Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down on page 14 to shut down your analyzer Reflection S Parameter Measurement ...

Page 63: ... by Rohde Schwarz for use on the instrument must be executed All necessary settings can be accessed from the Windows Start menu in particular from the Control Panel To open the Start menu press the Windows key in the tool bar or on an external keyboard User accounts and password protection The analyzer uses a user name and password as credentials for remote access Two user accounts with different ...

Page 64: ...rnal drive is C External storage devices are automati cally mapped to the next free drive i e D E etc 2 Run the setup file from the Windows Explorer Follow the instructions of the setup wizard Setup files can be reinstalled Factory calibration A firmware update does not affect the factory calibration Downgrade to a firmware version 3 00 To downgrade the firmware from a version 3 00 to a version 3 ...

Page 65: ...ained in different ways If the network supports dynamic TCP IP configuration using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP all address information can be assigned automati cally If the network does not support DHCP or if the analyzer is set to use alternate TCP IP configuration the addresses must be set manually By default the analyzer is configured to use dynamic TCP IP configuration and obt...

Page 66: ...Sharing Center Change adapter set tings dialog and right click the local connection Windows 7 open the Control Panel Network and Internet Network and Sharing Center Local Area Connection Status dialog 4 Select Properties and confirm the user account control message depending on your current user account If your current account is an administrator account select Yes If your account is an account wi...

Page 67: ...e IP address This is especially useful when a DHCP server is used as a new IP address may be assigned each time the instrument is restarted Each instrument is delivered with an assigned computer name but this name can be changed The default instrument name is a case insensitive string with the following syntax ZND serial_number The serial number can be found on the rear panel of the instrument It ...

Page 68: ...e Windows PC open a remote desktop connection type Remote Desktop Connection at the Windows Start Search menu and hit enter 3 In the Remote Desktop Connection dialog enter the VNA s computer name or IP address and select Connect 7 3 4 Windows Firewall Settings A firewall protects an instrument by preventing unauthorized users from gaining access to it through a network In the default configuration...

Page 69: ...all on or off to enable or disable the firewall You must confirm a user account control message to allow the desired changes see Figure 7 1 For detailed information about the firewall refer to the Windows Help Risks of changing the firewall settings Disabling the firewall or allowing exceptions may make your instrument more vulnera ble to viruses and intruders It is recommended to restore the defa...

Page 70: ...agents Cleaning agents contain substances such as solvents thinners acetone etc acids bases or other substances Solvents can damage the front panel labeling plastic parts or screens for example Never use cleaning agents to clean the outside of the instrument Use a soft dry lint free dust cloth instead Risk of instrument damage due to obstructed fans If the instrument is operated in dusty areas the...

Page 71: ...perature range quoted in the data sheet When it is stored for a longer period of time the unit must be protected against dust If possible use the original packing when the instrument is to be transported or dis patched please also observe the notes in Chapter 3 1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument on page 11 Storing and Packing the Instrument ...

Page 72: ...uct contact our customer sup port center A team of highly qualified engineers provides support and works with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation programming or applica tions of Rohde Schwarz products Contact information Contact our customer support center at www rohde schwarz com support or follow this QR code Figure 9 1 QR code to the Rohde Schwarz support page ...

Page 73: ...data 59 EXT TRIG OUT IN 26 F Factory calibration 64 Firewall 68 Firmware Setup file 64 Firmware installation 64 Front panel 20 Front panel keys 28 G Getting started 8 GPIB 26 Graphic zoom 48 Ground connector 26 H Hardkey panel 38 I Instrument calibration 56 Instrument security procedures 9 Instrument setup 11 Intended use 7 IP address setting 65 K Keyboard 16 L LAN 26 connection 18 remote operatio...

Page 74: ...g diagrams 48 Screen saver 21 Security procedures 9 Service manual 8 Setup keys 21 Softtools 35 Standby and ready state 15 Standby key 24 Startup and shutdown 14 Status bar 38 Step Size dialog 46 STIMULUS 22 Storing 71 Sweep range selection 56 Sweep range setting 49 SYSTEM 22 T Test port 24 Title bar 34 Toolbar 34 Touchscreen 21 Trace 40 TRACE 21 Transmission measurement example 54 U USB 25 USER P...

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