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Appendix B: Technology Background

75

RAID 5: Block and Parity Striping

RAID 5 is similar to RAID 3 as described above except that the parity data is
rotated across the physical drives along with the block data. Having the parity
data striped across all the physical drives in this manner removes the random
write performance bottleneck of RAID 3. The total capacity of a RAID 5 array is
calculated the same as a RAID 3 array.

4b

4c

4d

a parity

3a

3c

3d

b parity

2a

2b

2d

c parity

1a

1b

1c

d parity

Disk Drives

Distributed Parity

Data

Blocks

Figure 20. RAID 5 Stripes all Drives with Data and Parity Information

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Summary of Contents for ultratrak RM8000

Page 1: ...UltraTrak SX4000 SX8000 RM8000 User Manual Version 8 0 Rev A ...

Page 2: ...ii ...

Page 3: ...mise Technology product Notice Although Promise Technology has attempted to ensure the accuracy of the content of this manual it is possible that this document may contain technical inaccuracies typographical or other errors Promise Technology assumes no liability for any error in this publication and for damages whether direct indirect incidental consequential or otherwise that may result from su...

Page 4: ... to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected ...

Page 5: ... Password 15 Enter Password 15 Change Password 15 Reset to Default Password 15 Assign a SCSI ID 16 Configure the UltraTrak 17 How to Automatically Create an Array 17 How to Manually Create an Array 18 Gigabyte Boundary 20 Choosing Stripe Block Size 20 Choosing a RAID Level 21 Expanding an Array 24 RAID Conversion 25 Hot Spare Drive s 28 Partition and Format the Array 28 Chapter 3 Array Maintenance...

Page 6: ...Product For Repair 67 Your Responsibilities 68 Appendix A Technical Specifications 69 Appendix B Technology Background 71 Introduction to RAID 71 RAID 0 Striping 71 RAID 1 Mirroring 72 RAID 0 1 Striping Mirroring 73 RAID 3 Block Striping with Parity Drive 74 RAID 5 Block and Parity Striping 75 RAID 30 Striping of Dedicated Parity Arrays 76 RAID 50 Striping of Distributed Parity Arrays 77 JBOD Sing...

Page 7: ...four individual disk drives The UltraTrak SX8000 and RM8000 are external disk arrays with an expandable capacity of up to eight individual disk drives The standard LVD SCSI interface provides compatibility with any system that utilizes a SCSI interface Architectural Description The UltraTrak disk array consists of either four SX4000 or eight SX8000 RM8000 disk drive bays an enclosure with back pla...

Page 8: ...rs used Front panel LCD and LED indicators Easy setup and quick response to problems ensuring maximum up time and manageability Hot swap feature Allows a defective drive to be replaced without interrupting data accessibility to the host system Hot spare drive Maintains full fault tolerant integrity by automatically rebuilding the data from a failed drive to an installed hot spare drive Automatic b...

Page 9: ... Unpack UltraTrak Open the UltraTrak box and carefully remove the UltraTrak unit and accessories from the box Be sure to remove the packing foam from within the UltraTrak door The UltraTrak and accessories include the following items UltraTrak unit External LVD SCSI cable Quick Start Guide Power cord Two drive carrier keys Screw sets for hard drives Null Modem Cable SCSI Terminator included when t...

Page 10: ...tion but may also serve on a bench top as well The UltraTrak RM8000 installs on a customer supplied standard 19 inch wide rack mount tray Assemble the Mounting Brackets on each side of the RM8000 and set the unit onto an already installed rack mount tray and then secure it to the rack with four screws Assemble the Mounting Bracket and Handle before installing the UltraTrak RM8000 into a rack see F...

Page 11: ...Chapter 2 Getting Started 5 Figure 2 Rack Mounted RM8000 Front Door Release Screws 2 plc Part of Rack Vertical Mounting Rail Rack Mounting Tray or Shelf ...

Page 12: ...al for the proper settings Install new hard drives into the UltraTrak by doing the following 1 Open the Front Panel Door on the UltraTrak 2 Unlock the Drive Carrier Latching Mechanism and remove an unused Drive Carrier on the UltraTrak Begin at the top and work down see Figure 3 3 Attach the Drive Carrier power cable to the hard drive see Figure 14 on page 33 4 Attach the Drive Carrier ATA data ca...

Page 13: ...e sure to install all of the Drive Carriers into the Chassis even if they are not holding a drive Front Panel Door Drive Carrier Lock Drive Carrier Latching Mechanism Hinges out toward Front Panel Door Drive Carrier Assembly Pulled part way out Figure 3 UltraTrak Disk Drive Access SX4000 Shown Note The Drive Carrier Latching Mechanism must be locked or the disk drive will not power up ...

Page 14: ...necting the Null Modem Cable Attach one end of the Null Modem Cable to a COM Port on your PC or Workstation Attach the other end to the COM Port on the UltraTrak Figure 5 COM Port Connector on SX4000 8000 RM8000 similar Insert the carrier into the chassis this way COM Port Connector ...

Page 15: ...Press button to select Configuration mode then press SEL 4 Enter the correct password see page 15 then press SEL 5 Press button to select Configure SCSI then press SEL 6 Press button to select SCSI Terminator then press SEL to toggle between Enabled and Disabled 7 Press the EXIT button until you return to the Idle mode When the SCSI Terminator is enabled UltraTrak will terminate itself automatical...

Page 16: ...used in one of two ways If the UltraTrak disk array is the only external SCSI device or is the last external device in a daisy chained configuration connect the incoming cable the one attached to the PC s SCSI adapter to the SCSI Input Connector If the UltraTrak has internal SCSI termination and this feature has been enabled it will terminate itself automatically If the UltraTrak has external SCSI...

Page 17: ...en installing the UltraTrak disk array on a SCSI bus with other devices make sure the above rules are observed with all devices on the SCSI bus Consult your system and or host adapter manual for additional information on correct termination procedure SCSI IN SCSI OUT TERM Figure 7 SCSI Terminator attaches to the SCSI Output Connector Caution Improper system operation may occur if the SCSI terminat...

Page 18: ...vice has a unique SCSI ID and that only the first and last devices are terminated If the last UltraTrak in the chain has internal SCSI termination see page 9 be sure the termination feature is enabled If the last UltraTrak in the chain has external SCSI termination see page 9 attach the external terminator to the SCSI Output Connector as shown in Figure 8 Figure 8 Daisy Chaining Several UltraTraks...

Page 19: ... device has a unique SCSI ID and that only the first and last devices are terminated If the last device in the chain has internal SCSI termination be sure the termination feature is enabled See the device s user manual to learn how it terminates the SCSI chain If the last device in the chain has external SCSI termination attach an external terminator to the SCSI Output Connector as shown in Figure...

Page 20: ...ch power supply is set to your local voltage See Figure10 Warning To prevent serious damage to the UltraTrak be sure that the voltage select switch on the back of the power supply is set to your local voltage Figure 10 Voltage Switches on SX4000 left and RM SX8000 right Main Power Switch The power switch is located on the back of cabinet right Switch the UltraTrak power on by pressing the portion ...

Page 21: ...digit downward as 0 9 8 7 The button increments the digit upward as 0 1 2 3 Press the SEL button to proceed to the next digit or to submit the password if you have just entered the last digit You are given access to the Configuration menu if you entered the password correctly Change Password You may change the password by doing the following procedure 1 From the Idle mode display use the button to...

Page 22: ...on once to select Configuration then press SEL button 3 Enter the password at the prompt see Enter Password on page 15 4 At the Configuration menu use the button to select Configure SCSI and then press the SEL button See page 60 for more details 5 At the Configure SCSI menu use the button to select the SCSI ID and then press the SEL button See page 62 for more details 6 At the SCSI ID menu use the...

Page 23: ...t panel 5 Press button once to select Configuration then press SEL button 6 Enter the password at the prompt see Enter Password on page 15 7 At Configure Array press SEL 8 Array Setup should be selected press SEL If the message No Free Disk appears it means that an array has already been configured If you wish to re create a new array then you need to first delete the existing array before you can...

Page 24: ... RAID 1 mirroring and then follow the steps below to create the array 11 Press SEL to assign Stripe Block Size 64KB is the default value and is optimum for most applications Choosing the proper Stripe Block Size facilitates efficient data flow You might want to choose a different value if you know the size of the cache buffer in your hard drives or the average data block size of the data you retri...

Page 25: ...en done 15 Press SEL to Save Changes 16 Press SEL to create the array or press EXIT to cancel 17 If you pressed SEL to create the array then you should see the message Array has been created 18 Switch the UltraTrak power off wait 5 seconds and switch the power back on You have successfully created an array manually If haven t already done so you need to select a SCSI ID before you can begin using ...

Page 26: ...nal array is created When enabled the Gigabyte Boundary feature rounds the drive capacity of all drives to the common whole GB drive size For example with the Gigabyte Boundary feature enabled the remaining working drives can be 20 5GB and the replacement drive can be 20 3 since all are rounded down to 20GB This permits the smaller drive to be used Please note that users will lose a small amount o...

Page 27: ...ding the I O load across many channels and drives No parity calculation overhead is involved Not a true RAID because it is not fault tolerant The failure of just one drive will result in all data in an array being lost Should not be used in mission critical environments Recommended Applications for RAID 0 Image Editing Pre Press Applications Any application requiring high bandwidth RAID 1 Advantag...

Page 28: ...es High Read data transaction rate Medium Write data transaction rate Good aggregate transfer rate Disk failure has a medium impact on throughput Recommended Applications for RAID 5 File and Application servers WWW E mail and News servers Intranet servers Most versatile RAID level RAID 0 1 Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages Implemented as a mirrored array whose segments are RAID 0 arrays Hig...

Page 29: ...n rate Medium Write data transaction rate Good aggregate transfer rate High reliability Supports large volume sizes Higher disk overhead than RAID 5 Recommended Applications for RAID 50 File and Application servers Transaction processing Office application with many users accessing small files JBOD Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages Uses 100 capacity of all hard drives The failure of one dri...

Page 30: ...out one minute for the UltraTrak to initialize When the new disk drive is already installed in the UltraTrak cabinet follow these steps to add the drive to an existing array 1 Press the SEL button on the front panel 2 Press button once to select Configuration then press SEL 3 Enter the password at the prompt see Enter Password on page 15 4 At Configure Array press SEL 5 Press button a few times to...

Page 31: ...pacity but stripes parity all drives RAID 5 Some reduction in performance lower disk overhead RAID 3 Some reduction in performance lower disk overhead RAID 0 1 Full redundancy instead of parity 8 drives required RAID 30 RAID 0 Increases capacity and performance but loses data redundancy RAID 50 RAID 30 Increases performance 6 or 8 drives required RAID 3 Retains the same capacity but allows parity ...

Page 32: ...performance and capacity 4 6 or 8 drives required RAID 0 RAID 1 Halves capacity but adds data redundancy 2 drives required Only single drive arrays can be converted to RAID 1 Important The Target array may require more disk drives than the Source array If the Target array requires an even number of disk drives but the Source array has an odd number add a disk drive as part of the conversion proces...

Page 33: ...elect Configuration then press SEL 3 Enter the password at the prompt see Enter Password on page 15 4 At Configure Array press SEL 5 Press button a few times to select RAID Conversion then press SEL 6 At Source Array ID press SEL Choose the array you wish to convert and press SEL 7 Press the button to select Target RAID Level then press SEL Choose the RAID level you wish to convert to then pres SE...

Page 34: ... drive and the RAID system immediately begins to rebuild data on the drive When the rebuild is complete the array is returned to fault tolerant status Once the failed drive is replaced the new drive is automatically recognized as a hot spare in the event of a subsequent drive fault Partition and Format the Array Like any other type of fixed disk media in your system a RAID array must also be parti...

Page 35: ...aning of Status Indicators Indicator Color Meaning Power Off No disk drive power power off or no disk installed Green Disk power on Status Green Normal Amber Data is being rebuilt to this drive Red Failed Disk Off No drive installed or the drive has failed Green This will blink on and off to indicate disk activity Note See Chapter 4 for a discussion of the Front Panel Interface ...

Page 36: ...it Once the rebuild process is complete the array status is upgraded from critical to functional and fault tolerance is restored Synchronization is a preventative maintenance measure used to avoid problems with data integrity Synchronizing simply recalculates redundant data similar to the rebuild process and matches the data on the drive s To synchronize the array go to the Configuration menu and ...

Page 37: ...Removing any other drive may cause the array to become unavailable The replacement drive must be of equal capacity or larger than the failed drive In arrays where a hot spare is already installed the hot spare automatically replaces the failed drive When the failed drive is replaced the new drive becomes the new hot spare Reconstruction begins automatically as soon as a replacement drive becomes a...

Page 38: ...sliding out the Drive Carrier 3 Unplug the power cable and the ATA data cable from the old hard drive 4 Remove the four screws that secure the hard drive to the Drive Carrier and remove the old hard drive from the Drive Carrier 5 Prepare to install the new hard drive by ensuring that the jumpers on the new hard drive are set for single or master operation Consult the drive manual for the proper se...

Page 39: ...ion Each power supply LED should be on An off or blinking LED on the power supply indicates that the power supply has failed and should be replaced A power supply failure is also accompanied by an audible alarm Note Press the Power Supply Alarm Reset button to turn off the alarm See Figure 15 Contact your dealer or reseller for additional details and assistance in obtaining a replacement supply Th...

Page 40: ... Check that the Power LED indicator is illuminated 6 Insert and tighten the power supply locking screw Warning Risk of electrical shock When either power supply module is removed from the chassis AC power is accessible at the circuitry in the power supply chassis Only trained and qualified personnel should remove the power supplies Figure 15 Back of UltraTrak SX8000 showing the Power Supplies RM80...

Page 41: ...y Indicator blinks to indicate activity on the SCSI bus Liquid Crystal Display Message Display Panel This is a 24 character by 2 row LCD that displays various setup status and error messages Control Buttons Pressing this button scrolls any available messages up through the LCD and activates a message for the Select button Pressing this button scrolls any available messages down through the LCD and...

Page 42: ...he Idle mode message such as shown below is displayed during normal operation of the UltraTrak when there are no problems or buttons being pressed Array Functional 30 C 86 F 4500RPM What you can do Array status may be Array Functional Array Critical Array Offline No array is defined Press SEL Press to enter Initial mode menu Press Press to enter Initial mode menu Press Press to enter Initial mode ...

Page 43: ...nger operational The array must be rebuilt from the last tape backup or other device For RAID levels 1 0 1 3 5 30 and 50 at least two or more drives in the array have failed For a RAID 0 array at least one drive has failed The user should identify and replace the failed drives No array is defined An array has not been defined The user should define an array for the UltraTrak to be functional The s...

Page 44: ...n Change Password Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Selects one of the following active functions View Status Moves the display to the View Status menu Configuration Moves the display to the Please Enter Password menu and then to the Configure Array menu Change Password Moves the display to the Change Password menu Press Moves the active message line up Active is ma...

Page 45: ...th UltraTrak hardware and arrays The main configuration menu allows the user to select the following menus Configure Array Configure Cache Configure SCSI Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Selects one of the following active functions Configure Array Moves the display to the Configure Array menu Configure Cache Moves the display to the Configure Cache menu Configure ...

Page 46: ...ock Size Cache Read Hit Cache Write Hit View Cache Stats Memory Size Hardware Rev Firmware Rev View Controller Info Temp1 Temp4 Fan 1 Status Fan 8 Status 5VIN 12VIN View Enclosure Array x Size CHS Map RAID x Status View Array Information See page 41 See page 42 See page 42 See page 43 ...

Page 47: ... display to the View Array Information menu View Enclosure Moves the display to the View Enclosure menu Press Moves the active message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the Configuration mode View Controller Information The View Controller Information mode displays UltraTrak firmware revision memory size and hardware revi...

Page 48: ... mode displays the array ID array size RAID level and array status Functional Critical Offline Rebuilding and Synchronizing If these modes of display require more than 2 lines to display information the up and down keys will be used to scroll the display The Array ID may be 1 8f Array 0 Size 12GB CHS Map 2545 254 63 Where the values shown are simply examples RAID 0 Functional RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 3 ...

Page 49: ...p2 30 C 86 F Where the values shown are simply examples Temp3 30 C 86 F FAN 1 4782 RPM FAN 8 4983 RPM 5VIN 5 07V 12VIN 12 02V Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Does nothing Press Moves the active message line up Press Moves the active message line down Press EXIT Returns to the Configuration mode ...

Page 50: ...ray ID Add New Drives Save Changes Expand Array Source Array ID Target RAID Level Add New Drives Save Changes RAID Conversion Wipeout Disk Synchronize Array Stop RAID Conversion Disable Buzzer Rebuild Sync Pri Smart Check HD Write Cache Rebuild Media Error Advanced Feature Provides a list of installed disk drives Provides a list of assigned arrays Provides a list of available RAID levels Auto Arra...

Page 51: ... the display to the Auto Array Setup menu Pressing SEL goes to the RAID Level menu press SEL again to get to the Auto Array Setup menu View Drive Assignments Moves the display to the View Drive Assignments menu Define Array Moves the display to the Define Array menu Delete Array Moves the display to the Delete Array menu Expand Array Moves the display to the Expand Array menu RAID Conversion Moves...

Page 52: ...ress EXIT to cancel this function and return to the Configure Array menu You will see the following choice after you have selected a RAID level Press SEL to Create Press EXIT to Cancel What you can do Press SEL Pressing SEL will create the array Cycle the UltraTrak power switch when told Please restart UTRAK Press Does nothing Press Does nothing Press EXIT Press EXIT to cancel this function and re...

Page 53: ...assigned to an array Each drive is displayed on one line 1 MAXTOR Asgn In Ary 1 2 IBM Asgn In Ary 2 Where the values shown are simply examples 3 MAXTOR Asgn In Ary 3 4 VENDOR U Free Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Does nothing Press Moves the active message line up Press Moves the active message line down Press EXIT Returns to the Configure Array menu ...

Page 54: ...ion ON Save Changes Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Selects one of the following active functions RAID Level Moves the display to the RAID Level menu Stripe Block Size Moves the display to the Stripe Block Size menu Gigabyte Boundary ON Toggles between ON and OFF Add Remove Drives Moves the display to the Add Remove Drives menu Initialization ON Toggles between ON...

Page 55: ...ne of the active Stripe Block Size Press Moves the active message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the Define Array menu Save Changes Menu Press SEL to Create Press EXIT to Cancel What you can do Press SEL Pressing SEL will create the array Press Does nothing Press Does nothing Press EXIT Press EXIT to cancel this functi...

Page 56: ... selected drive between Free and Assigned Press Moves the active message line up Press Moves the active message line down Press EXIT Returns to the Define Array menu Delete Array The Delete Array menu allows the user to select an array and delete the configuration information for that array This will also free any drives that have been assigned to that array Array ID 1 Only existing Array IDs are ...

Page 57: ...ctive message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the Configure Array menu RAID Conversion The RAID Conversion menu allows the user to convert an existing array to a different RAID level Source Array ID Target RAID Level Add New Drives Save Changes Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Selects one of the following active functions Source Array ID Moves t...

Page 58: ...ive message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the previous menu Add New Drives The Add New Drives menu lists the available free drives Select the drives you wish to add 5 VENDOR U Free Only free drives are Displayed 6 MAXTOR Free 7 IBM Free 8 IBM Free Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Press...

Page 59: ... RAID 0 Only available RAID Levels are Displayed RAID 1 RAID 3 RAID 5 RAID 0 1 JBOD Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Pressing SEL will choose the active RAID level Press Moves the active message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the previous menu ...

Page 60: ... Array menu Stop RAID Conversion Press to SEL stops a RAID conversion that is in progress The conversion process will continue when the UltraTrak is restarted Disable Buzzer Pressing SEL toggles between Enable and Disable Rebuild Sync Pri Moves the display to the Rebuild Sync Pri menu Smart Check Pressing SEL toggles between Enabled and Disabled HD Write Cache Pressing SEL toggles between Enabled ...

Page 61: ...ive message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the Advance Feature menu Caution The Wipe Out Disk option will delete all data on the drive that is selected Synchronize Array The Synchronize Array menu allows the user to synchronize the data on each drive Synchronization is a maintenance procedure for fault tolerant arrays ...

Page 62: ...Trak s resources to the rebuild process at the expense of responding to ongoing read write data requests by the operating system A Low setting gives priority to ongoing read write data requests by the operating system at the expense of the rebuild synchronization process and will typically result in longer rebuild synchronization times The default setting is High To set the Rebuild Sync priority g...

Page 63: ...th Smart Check enabled Smart Check Enabled What you can do Press SEL Toggles the Smart Check between Enabled or Disabled Press Does nothing Press Does nothing Press EXIT Returns to the Advance Feature menu HD Write Cache The Write Cache records data at the same time as the hard disk If the same data is needed right away it is sent from the cache rather than reading is from the disk speeding up rea...

Page 64: ...e Controller will stop a rebuild operation if it encounters a bad sector You must replace the disk drive with the bad sector to restore array function When Skip is selected the Controller will continue rebuilding and work around the bad sector and restore array function with the existing disk drive Rebuild Media Err Abort What you can do Press SEL Toggles the Rebuild Media Err between Abort or Ski...

Page 65: ... Cache Flush Frequency menu Press Moves the active message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the Configuration menu Setting the Write Cache to Write Back improves performance because a write to the high speed cache is faster than to disk Data normally written to disk is first written into the UltraTrak s cache allowing th...

Page 66: ... active functions Mode Move the display to the Mode menu SCSI ID Move the display to the SCSI ID menu SCSI Terminator Pressing SEL toggles between Enabled and Disabled Press Moves the active message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the Configuration menu Caution The SCSI Terminator feature pertains to UltraTraks with int...

Page 67: ...ctive message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the Configure SCSI menu When using ID mode if you have multiple arrays within an UltraTrak unit each array will use a separate SCSI ID When using LUN mode each UltraTrak unit will use a single SCSI ID with the first array being LUN 0 the second array being LUN1 etc Enable Mu...

Page 68: ...the SCSI ID The word Selected appears next to the selected ID Press Moves the active message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the Configure SCSI menu Note If you have multiple arrays and are using ID mode be aware that each array will use a SCSI ID If for example you have created two separate arrays and have selected SCS...

Page 69: ...r version numbers A description of the problem situation System configuration information including motherboard and CPU type hard drive model s ATA ATAPI drives devices and other controllers Technical Support Services Promise Online TM Web Site http www promise com tech documents drivers utilities etc USA Tech Support Center E mail Support support promise com Fax Technical Support 408 228 6401 Att...

Page 70: ...support promise com tw Fax Technical Support 886 3 578 23 90 Attention Technical Support Phone Technical Support 886 3 578 23 95 9 00 6 00pm Taiwan Time If you wish to write us for support Promise Technology Inc Attn Technical Support 2F No 30 Industry E Road IX Science Based Industrial Park Hsin Chu Taiwan R O C China Office E mail Support support china promise com Fax Technical Support 86 0 10 6...

Page 71: ...enter Disclaimer of other warranties This warranty covers only parts and labor and excludes coverage on software items as expressly set above Except as expressly set forth above Promise disclaims any warranties expressed or implied by statute or otherwise regarding the product including without limitation any warranties for fitness for any purpose quality merchantability non infringement or otherw...

Page 72: ...ardless of whether Promise has been advised of the possibility of such damages Promise is not an insurer If you desire insurance against such damage you must obtain insurance from another party Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages for consumer products so the above limitation may not apply to you This warranty gives specific legal rights and y...

Page 73: ... Milpitas CA 95035 Other Countries Return the product to your dealer or retailer Contact them for instructions before shipping the product You must follow the packaging guidelines for returning products Use the original shipping carton and packaging Include a summary of the product s problem s Write an attention line on the box with the RMA number Include a copy of proof of purchase You are respon...

Page 74: ...UltraTrak SX4000 SX8000 RM8000 User Manual 68 ...

Page 75: ...ive fault detection Supports hot swap of failed drives Supports hot spares 2 Offers transparent data recovery and rebuilds drive in background BIOS Driver support for rounding actual drive capacities to nearest gigabyte 3 Data handling optimizations include tagged command queuing elevator seek and load balancing Supports adding drives to the array on the fly Supports changing RAID levels on the fl...

Page 76: ...x Netware 4 2 5 1 MacOS 9 X Advanced Utilities Auto configuration and optimization View Create Delete Expand array Rebuilds data on replacement disks Physical Environmental Size Model Height Width Depth SX4000 12 5 in 320 mm 7 0 in 180 mm 12 9 in 330 mm SX8000 18 5 in 470 mm 7 8 in 200 mm 12 9 in 330 mm RM8000 3RU 5 1 in 130 mm 17 5 in 445 mm 20 4 in 518 mm Operating temperature 32 to 122 F 0 to 5...

Page 77: ... outline breaks down the properties for each type of RAID array RAID 0 Striping When a disk array is striped the read and write blocks of data are interleaved between the sectors of multiple drives Performance is increased since the workload is balanced between drives or members that form the array Identical drives are recommended for performance as well as data storage efficiency The disk array s...

Page 78: ...es to function This is called Fault Tolerance Moreover if a spare drive is present the spare drive will be used as the replacement drive and data will begin to be mirrored to it from the remaining good drive 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Disk Drives Data Mirror Figure 17 RAID 1 Mirrors Identical Data to Two Drives Due to the data redundancy of mirroring the drive capacity of the array is only the size of the sm...

Page 79: ...pairs are striped together with one pair mirroring the first pair The data capacity is similar to a standard mirroring array with half of the total storage capacity dedicated for redundancy An added plus for using RAID 0 1 is that in many situations such an array offers double fault tolerance Double fault tolerance may allow your data array to continue to operate depending on which two drives fail...

Page 80: ...formance tuning based on the typical I O request sizes for your system The block size must be set at the time it is created and cannot be adjusted dynamically Generally RAID Level 3 tends to exhibit lower random write performance due to the heavy workload going to the dedicated parity drive for parity recalculation for each I O The capacity of a RAID 3 array is the smallest drive size multiplied b...

Page 81: ...k data Having the parity data striped across all the physical drives in this manner removes the random write performance bottleneck of RAID 3 The total capacity of a RAID 5 array is calculated the same as a RAID 3 array 4b 4c 4d a parity 3a 3c 3d b parity 2a 2b 2d c parity 1a 1b 1c d parity Disk Drives Distributed Parity Data Blocks Figure 20 RAID 5 Stripes all Drives with Data and Parity Informat...

Page 82: ...RAID 30 provides high fault tolerance and supports larger volume sizes RAID 30 also provides high reliability because data is still available even if two physical disk drives fail one in each array RAID 30 requires a minimum of six disk drives Data Drives Parity Drives 1 parity 3 parity 5 parity 1b 3b 5b 1a 3a 5a 2 parity 4 parity 6 parity 2b 4b 6b 2a 4a 6a Data Stripe Figure 21 RAID 30 Striping o...

Page 83: ...data reliability good overall performance and supports larger volume sizes RAID 50 also provides high reliability because data is still available even if two physical disk drives fail one in each array RAID 50 requires a minimum of six disk drives 5b 5c a parity 3a 3c b parity 1a 1b c parity 6b 6c a parity 4a 4c b parity 2a 2b c parity Disk Drives Distributed Parity Data Stripe Figure 22 RAID 50 S...

Page 84: ...sum of all drives in the group even if the drives are of different sizes JBOD appears in the User Interface as one or more individual drives There are no performance or fault tolerance features When a disk fails all data on the disk is lost Other disks are unaffected Disk Drive 1 2 3 4 Figure 23 JBOD manages drives Individually unlike RAID ...

Page 85: ...ewly inserted array configuration Q Can I take a drive used in an UltraTrak array and access it directly with a different controller such as the one integrated on the motherboard A Yes but only under certain configurations The following array configurations will allow the drive s to be accessed individually on another controller mirror RAID 1 or single drive striped RAID 0 Multiple drives striped ...

Page 86: ...es not provide any means of addressing individual hard drives through the int 13h interface used by FDISK In order to access drives on the UltraTrak from MSDOS at all you must first create a RAID array Q Why can t I see the array I just created in the Windows NT 2000 XP Disk Administrator A Since Windows NT 2000 XP does not yet support any method of dynamically adding and or removing logical devic...

Page 87: ...ecutable and the UltraTrak firmware binary file At the DOS prompt type dir and press Enter to be sure that you have the correct files such as txbxx bin and ultra exe where xx is the firmware version number 6 At the DOS prompt type ultra and press Enter 7 At the Which COM Port is connected to UltraTrak prompt type COMx and press Enter where x is either a 1 or a 2 depending upon which COM port you a...

Page 88: ...nished f Remove the diskette and mark it as your firmware back up copy 9 Switch off the UltraTrak power Disconnect the Null Modem Cable remove the diskette and power off the computer Allow about a few seconds before switching the UltraTrak power back on The firmware upgrade is complete ...

Page 89: ...semblies Remove the Controller Board Use the following instructions to remove the controller board 1 Unplug both controller board cables 2 With your fingers on the Slide Grip slide the board toward the front of the cabinet 3 Remove the seven mounting screws from the controller board 4 Lift the board from the cabinet Install the Controller Board Use the following instruction to install a controller...

Page 90: ...UltraTrak SX4000 SX8000 RM8000 User Manual 84 Slide Grip Remove Install Figure 24 Location of UltraTrak Controller Board ...

Page 91: ...ommand Password Most commands require you to enter your password when you first make your connection The default password is 0000 four zeros To input your password 1 Type the letters pw 2 Press the spacebar once 3 Type your password and press Enter If your password was correct UltraTrak responds with Correct Password You may then use any of the functions To see a list of functions type help or que...

Page 92: ...sfully completed for Drive d in Array d Synchronization successfully completed on Array d Drive d of Array d has Read Write Error ch d Temperature out of range Fan error for Enclosure Expansion started for Array d Conversion started for Array d Tasking Functions The following commands cause UltraTrak to perform specific tasks They require you to enter your password first They also require you to t...

Page 93: ...array ea Stop disk adding process sc Enable disable SMART checking es Set buffer to write through or write back sw Get cache statistics gs Enable disable array initialization ei Clear events ec Enable disable the warning beep eb Enable disable gigabyte boundary eg Set rebuild priority low or high ep Enable disable the disk write cache ed Wipe a disk WipeoutDisk Set a new password NewPassword Exit ...

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