UF-E1
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6.5.4.
Transport Layer
6.5.4.1.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
The TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is an internetwork connection-oriented protocol that corresponds
to the OSI Transport layer. TCP provides full-duplex, end-to-end connections. When the end-to-end com-
munication acknowledgement is not required, the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) can be substituted for the
TCP at the Transport (host-to-host) level. TCP and UDP operate at the same layer.
The UDP is a connectionless oriented protocol.
The client (UF-E1) generates random sequential numbers initially and sends them to the server. The initial
sequetial numbers are synchronized with the clock and increments the counterevery 4 msec.
The Server responds with an acknowledgement that increments the initial sequential number by one. The
ACK bit number is also changed to a "1" value. The "SYN" can have and identical "ACK" response for each
packet, thus, the server and the client can establish a connection.
TCP Segment in IP Datagram
IP Header
(20 byte)
Application D ata
(vary)
TCP segment
IP Datagram
TCP Header
(20 byte)
TCP Segment Outline
Header Length
(4 bit)
Reserved
(6 bit)
Control Flag
(6 bit)
Window (6 byte)
Source Port (2 byte)
Destination Port (2 byte)
Sequence Number (4 byte)
Acknowledgment Number (4 byte)
Checksum (2 byte)
Urgent Pointer (2 byte)
Option
PAD
Data (Segment)
SYN, Sequential
No.=4538970
ACK, A
CK No
.=4538971
SYN, Sequential
No.=1919424000
ACK, ACK
No.=1919724001
UF-E1
Increments No. sequentially
TCP 3 Handshake General Flowchart
Summary of Contents for UF-E1
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