46
RU
cod. 3540S420 - 05/2010 (Rev. 00)
3.
ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ
3.1
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
B
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ
,
ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɧ ɛɵɥ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ
.
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɢɠɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɤ
ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɢ
/
ɢɥɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
Ƚȼɋ
,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ
.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
.
ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ ɄɈɌɅȺ ȾɈɅɀɇȺ ɈɋɍɓȿɋɌȼɅəɌɖɋə ɌɈɅɖɄɈ ɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɆ
ɉȿɊɋɈɇȺɅɈɆ
,
ɂɆȿɘɓɂɆ
ɉɊɈȼȿɊȿɇɇɍɘ
ɄȼȺɅɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɘ
,
ɉɊɂ
ɋɈȻɅɘȾȿɇɂɂ
ɉɊɂȼȿȾȿɇɇɕɏ
ȼ
ɇȺɋɌɈəɓȿɆ
ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɈɆ
ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼȿ
ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɃ
,
ȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓɂɏ ɁȺɄɈɇɈȼ ɂ ɉɊȿȾɉɂɋȺɇɂɃ ɆȿɋɌɇɕɏ ɇɈɊɆ
,
ȼ ɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɂɂ ɋ
ɉɊɂɇəɌɕɆɂ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂəɆɂ
.
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɶ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɥɸɞɹɦ
,
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ ɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ
,
ɡɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
.
3.2
Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɬɥɚɦ ɫ
"
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɨɣ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
".
Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ
,
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ
.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ
,
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
(
ɨɤɫɢɞɵ
),
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ
ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
.
ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɵɥɶ
,
ɨɝɧɟɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢɥɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɟɞɤɢɟ ɝɚɡɵ
.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɭɯɢɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɸ
.
ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
.
3.3
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɟ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ
.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ
.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɟ ɩɭɡɵɪɢ
,
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɧɵ
.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɜ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɫɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɢɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ
.
ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
,
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ
20 °C.
B
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɨɦ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ
,
ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚɦ
,
ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
. 2.
Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɛɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɨɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
.
B
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɬɚɤ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɪɭɛɵ
,
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ
,
ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ
.
ɪɢɫ
. 2 -
Ɂɚɞɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɫ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚɦɢ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
a1
ȼɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
1”
a2
ȼɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
1”
a3
ɉɨɞɜɨɞ ɝɚɡɚ
1/2”
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
25° Fr,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɸ
,
ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ
.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ
,
ɱɬɨ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɬɟɧɨɤ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɫ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ
.
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
(
ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ
ɨɛɴɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɵ
)
ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɟɤɭɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ
.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɫɥɢɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
,
ɧɨɜɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ
.
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɣ
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
1
ɛɚɪ
.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɚɥɨ
(
ɢɡ
-
ɡɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɝɚɡɨɜ
)
ɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ
,
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
1,5 - 2
ɛɚɪ
.
3.4
ɉɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ
B
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
,
ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ
ɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
,
ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
.
Ƚɚɡ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɭ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɪɢɫ
. 2)
ɫ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ
,
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɛɤɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɧɝɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɨ
ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ ɨɩɥɟɬɤɨɣ
.
Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɧ
.
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
.
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɫɟɯ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɥɚ
,
ɧɟ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɬɪɭɛɵ
,
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɢ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ
;
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɭɛɵ
.
B
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
.
3.5
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ
230
ȼ
- 50
Ƚɰ
.
B
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
,
ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
.
ɉɨɪɭɱɢɬɟ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
.
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ
,
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɱɬɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧ
.
ɍɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ
,
ɱɬɨ ȼɚɲɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ
,
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
,
ɱɬɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ȼɚɲɟɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ
.
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɴɟɦɨɦ
,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤ ɤɨɬɥɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ
).
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
,
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɦ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ
,
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ
3
ɦɦ
.
Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɥɚɜɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɢ
,
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɢɥɭ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
3 A.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ
(
ɎȺɁȺ
:
ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ
/
ɇȿɃɌɊȺɅɖ
:
ɫɢɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ
/
ɁȿɆɅə
:
ɠɟɥɬɨ
-
ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ
.
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ ɢ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ
,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ
,
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
. 3.
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ
,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜ
cap. 5.
ɪɢɫ
. 3 -
Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
/
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
1
Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ
2
Ʉɪɟɩɟɠɧɵɟ ɜɢɧɬ ɢ ɩɥɢɬɤɚ
3
ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
1
3
2
Summary of Contents for GASTER N 56 AW
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