Keithley 2002 Calibration Manual Download Page 1

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Model 2002

Multimeter

Calibration Manual

A G R E A T E R

M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E

Summary of Contents for 2002

Page 1: ...Model 2002Multimeter Calibration Manual A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E...

Page 3: ...with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page Revision A Document Number 2002 905 0...

Page 4: ...that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS 42 4V peak or 60VDC are present A good safety practice is to ex pect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before...

Page 5: ...electric shock and fire replacement components in mains circuits including the power transformer test leads and input jacks must be purchased from Keithley Instru ments Standard fuses with applicable...

Page 6: ...ion 1 15 1 8 7 Temperature reading checks 1 17 2 Calibration 2 1 Introduction 2 1 2 2 Environmental conditions 2 2 2 3 Warm up period 2 2 2 4 Line power 2 2 2 5 Calibration lock 2 2 2 5 1 Comprehensiv...

Page 7: ...ommand summary 3 1 3 3 CALibration PROTected Subsystem 3 3 3 3 1 INIT 3 3 3 3 2 LOCK 3 3 3 3 3 SWITch 3 4 3 3 4 SAVE 3 4 3 3 5 DATA 3 4 3 3 6 DATE 3 5 3 3 7 NDUE 3 5 3 3 8 DC 3 6 3 3 9 LLEVel 3 11 3 4...

Page 8: ...nges 1 14 Figure 1 8 1G resistor test box construction 1 15 Figure 1 9 Connections for frequency accuracy verification 1 16 2 Calibration Figure 2 1 Low thermal short connections 2 5 Figure 2 2 Calibr...

Page 9: ...iv...

Page 10: ...calibration command summary 2 3 Table 2 2 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration 2 4 Table 2 3 Front panel comprehensive calibration summary 2 5 Table 2 4 IEEE 488 bus comprehensive calib...

Page 11: ...vi...

Page 12: ...ded equipment Summarizes recom mended equipment and pertinent specifications 1 6 Verification limits Explains how reading limits were calculated 1 7 Restoring factory default conditions Gives step by...

Page 13: ...ng a 19V input val ue and the various specifications are as follows Model 2002 relative accuracy 10ppm of reading 0 15ppm of range Model 2002 factory calibration uncertainty 2 6ppm of reading Calibrat...

Page 14: ...190k 13ppm 1 9M 19ppm 19M 47ppm 100M 120ppm Fluke 5725A Amplifier AC Voltage 1kHz 10kHz 750V 85ppm Fluke 5700A 03 Wideband AC option 190mV 0 22 1 9V 0 3 2MHz Fluke 5440A 7002 Low thermal cable set Kei...

Page 15: ...curate DC voltages from a calibrator to the Model 2002 input and veri fying that the displayed readings fall within specified ranges Follow the steps below to verify DCV measurement accuracy CAUTION D...

Page 16: ...1 2 Table 1 2 Limits for DCV verification 2002 DCV Range Applied DC Voltage Reading Limits 1 year 18 to 28 C 200mV 190 000000mV 189 991911mV to 190 008089mV 2V 1 90000000V 1 89996058 to 1 90003942V 2...

Page 17: ...re Model 2002 factory default conditions as ex plained in paragraph 1 7 4 Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the Model 2002 and make sure that REL is disabled NOTE Do not use REL to null o...

Page 18: ...mplifier Connect to calibrator Input HI Output HI Input LO Output LO CA 18 1 Low capacitance cable Model 2002 1 90000 VAC RMS Figure 1 3 Connections for 2MHz AC volts verification 2002 MULTIMETER BNC...

Page 19: ...V 1 80100V to 1 99900V 20V 19 0000V 18 9885V to 19 0116V 18 9913V to 19 0087V 18 9894V to 19 0106V 18 9875V to 19 0125V 18 9837V to 19 0163V 18 9400V to 19 0600V 18 8525V to 19 1475V 18 2000V to 19 80...

Page 20: ...e calibrator output to 190 000mVAC at a fre quency of 10Hz and allow the reading to settle 7 Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1 4 8 Repeat steps 6 and 7 for...

Page 21: ...n the limits summarized in Table 1 5 8 Repeat steps 6 and 7 for 100mVAC at the remaining fre quencies listed in the table 9 Repeat steps 6 through 8 for the 2V 20V 200V and 750VAC ranges using the inp...

Page 22: ...ssary to return to normal display 5 Select the DC current function DCI and the 200 A range on the Model 2002 If the FILT annunciator is off press the FILTER key to enable the filter 6 Set the calibrat...

Page 23: ...d before making measure ments Be sure the calibrator is set for normal current output 3 Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions as explained in paragraph 1 7 4 Select the AC current function and...

Page 24: ...344V 1 89742V to 1 90258V 1 89742V to 1 90258V 20mA 19 0000mA 18 8355V to 19 1645V 18 9657V to 19 0344V 18 9742V to 19 0258V 18 9742V to 19 0258V 200mA 190 000mA 188 355V to 191 645V 189 657V to 190 3...

Page 25: ...ngs then press ENTER G Press EXIT to return to normal display 4 Select the Model 2002 2 function and change to the 20M range If the FILT annunciator is off press the FILTER key to enable the filter 5...

Page 26: ...s and allow a one hour warm up period before measurement Table 1 9 Limits for resistance verification 1G range Characterized resistor R Reading limits 1 year 18 C to 28 C _________ G _________ G to __...

Page 27: ...the first line of Table 1 10 8 Set the synthesizer to each of the frequencies listed in Table 1 10 and verify that the Model 2002 frequency reading is within the required limits Table 1 10 Frequency v...

Page 28: ...to further information below on how to check thermocouple and RTD probe readings Thermocouple temperature reading checks To check thermocouple readings simply apply the appropri ate DC voltage listed...

Page 29: ...12 RTD probe temperature reading checks RTD probe type Applied resistance Reading limits C 1 year 18 C to 28 C PT385 0 00385 22 80 60 25 100 109 73 138 50 313 59 190 068 to 189 932 100 021 to 99 979 0...

Page 30: ...conditions States the temperature and humidity limits for calibration 2 3 Warm up period Discusses the length of time the Model 2002 should be allowed to warm up before calibration 2 4 Line power Stat...

Page 31: ...pressing in on the recessed CAL switch The instrument will display the fol lowing message CALIBRATION UNLOCKED Calibration can now be performed If you attempt comprehensive or low level calibration wi...

Page 32: ...al date from 2002 Comprehensive calibration subsystem Short circuit calibration step 2V DC calibration step 20V DC calibration step 1M calibration step 200k calibration step 20k calibration step 2k ca...

Page 33: ...prehensive calibration should be performed at least once a year or every 90 days to ensure the unit meets the cor responding specifications The comprehensive calibration procedure covered in this para...

Page 34: ...ator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator Disconnect leads Disconn...

Page 35: ...of comprehensive calibration Input HI Output HI Input LO Output LO Model 2002 5700A Calibrator Note Use shielded cables to minimize noise Enable or disable calibrator external sense as indicated in pr...

Page 36: ...esistance val ue displayed by the calibrator The allowable range for this parameter is from 95k to 205k 10 Press ENTER to complete the 200k calibration step 11 Repeat steps 7 through 10 for the 20k 2k...

Page 37: ...002 5700A Calibrator Amps Note Be sure calibrator is set for normal current output Step 9 Enter calibration dates 1 Press ENTER and note that the instrument prompts you to enter the present calibratio...

Page 38: ...ion 20VDC calibration 1M calibration 200k calibration 20k calibration 2k calibration 200 calibration 20 calibration 200 A calibration 2mA calibration 20mA calibration 200mA calibration 2A calibration...

Page 39: ...Send the following command over the bus CAL PROT DC ZERO 3 Wait until the Model 2002 finishes this calibration step before proceeding You can use the OPC or OPC commands to determine when calibration...

Page 40: ...INPUT LO jacks as shown in Figure 2 3 2 Set the calibrator output to 200 000 A and place the unit in operate 3 Send the following command to the Model 2002 CAL PROT DC A200U 200E 6 If you are using a...

Page 41: ...0mA 1 00000A 95 A to 205 A 0 95mA to 2 05mA 9 5mA to 20 5mA 95mA to 205mA 0 95A to 2 05A CAL PROT DC A200U 200E 6 CAL PROT DC A2M 2E 3 CAL PROT DC A20M 20E 3 CAL PROT DC A200M 200E 3 CAL PROT DC A2 1...

Page 42: ...ally required in the field The following paragraphs give detailed procedures for performing low level calibration should it ever become necessary in the field NOTE Low level calibration is required in...

Page 43: ...11ppm 100k 13ppm 1M 18ppm DC Current 200 A 100ppm 2mA 55ppm 20mA 55ppm 200mA 65ppm 1A 110ppm AC Voltage 0 5mV 1kHz 10000ppm 5mV 100kHz 2400ppm 200mV 1kHz 150ppm 1 5V 1kHz 80ppm 20V 1kHz 80ppm 20V 30kH...

Page 44: ...STEP 5 CAL PROT LLEV STEP 6 CAL PROT LLEV STEP 7 CAL PROT LLEV STEP 8 CAL PROT LLEV STEP 9 CAL PROT LLEV STEP 10 CAL PROT LLEV STEP 11 CAL PROT LLEV STEP 12 CAL PROT LLEV STEP 13 CAL PROT DATE yr mon...

Page 45: ...ess the follow ing will be displayed Performing Short Ckt Calibration Step 3 DC volts calibration 1 When the DC zero calibration step is completed the fol lowing message will be displayed CONNECT 2 VD...

Page 46: ...rsor and range keys set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2002 to the exact resistance val ue displayed by the calibrator The allowable range for this parameter is from 95k to 205k 10 Press...

Page 47: ...L PHASE NOTE Use the exact calibration values shown when performing the following steps 2 Connect the calibrator to the INPUT terminals as shown in Figure 2 4 3 Press ENTER The instrument will display...

Page 48: ...R key The Model 2002 will advise you that the current step is in progress Low Level Cal Step 9 of 13 21 After this step has been completed the unit will display the following Connect 20 VDC NOTE The a...

Page 49: ...onnections 2002 MULTIMETER Model 2002 BNC to Dual Banana Plug Adapter 50 BNC Coaxial Cable Model 3930A or 3940 Synthesizer Function Output 3930A MULTIFUNCTION SYNTHESIZER 3 Press EXIT as necessary to...

Page 50: ...3 Send the following command to the Model 2002 over the IEEE 488 bus CAL PROT DC V2 2 Be sure to use the exact calibration value as the command parameter if you are using a voltage other than 2V The...

Page 51: ...CAL PROT DC OHM200K 100E3 CAL PROT DC OHM20K 19E3 CAL PROT DC OHM2K 1 9E3 CAL PROT DC OHM200 190 CAL PROT DC OHM20 19 Nominal resistance values shown Use exact calibrator resistance value for command...

Page 52: ...2002 CAL PROT LLEV STEP 8 10 Set the calibrator output to 100V DC Send the follow ing command to the Model 2002 CAL PROT LLEV STEP 9 NOTE The accuracy of the 100V calibration source is especially cri...

Page 53: ...e turning on the power the LL CAL low level calibration selection will also appear in the POINT CALS menu You can then calibrate a specific low level point see paragraph 2 10 for details Example Assum...

Page 54: ...k calibration 3 Send the following command over the bus to initiate calibration CAL PROT INIT 4 Connect the 2k or closest available value calibration source to the front panel INPUT and SENSE jacks us...

Page 55: ...Calibration 2 26...

Page 56: ...level calibration 3 3 CALibration PROTected Subsystem Gives detailed explanations of the various commands used for both comprehensive and low level calibration 3 4 CALibration UNPRotected Subsystem D...

Page 57: ...ehensive calibration subsystem Low thermal short calibration step 2V DC calibration step 20V DC calibration step 1M calibration step 200k calibration step 20k calibration step 2k calibration step 200...

Page 58: ...any other comprehen sive or low level calibration command Programming Note The INIT command should be sent only once before performing either complete or single point calibration Do not send INIT befo...

Page 59: ...alibration constants derived during both comprehensive and low level calibration in EEROM EEROM is non volatile memory and cal ibration constants will be retained indefinitely once saved Generally SAV...

Page 60: ...be delimited by commas Examples CAL PROT DATE 1994 12 16 Send cal date 12 16 94 CAL PROT DATE Request date 3 3 7 NDUE CALibration PROTected NDUE Purpose To send the next calibration due date to the i...

Page 61: ...3 2 Comprehensive calibration commands Command Description Parameter limits CALibration PROTected DC ZERO V2 NRf V20 NRf OHM1M NRf OHM200K NRf OHM20K NRf OHM2K NRf OHM200 NRf OHM20 NRf A200U NRf A2M N...

Page 62: ...t dc v20 Cal_voltage Parameter Cal_voltage 9 5 to 20 5 V Description V2 programs the 20V DC comprehensive calibration step The allowable range of the calibra tion voltage parameter is from 9 5 to 20 5...

Page 63: ...20 5E3 Description OHM20K programs the 20k comprehensive calibration step The allowable range of the cal ibration resistance parameter is from 9 5k to 20 5k Use the 20k value whenever possible or the...

Page 64: ...ormat cal prot dc ohm20 Cal_resistance Parameter Cal_resistance 9 5 to 20 5 Description OHM20 programs the 20 comprehensive calibration step The allowable range of the calibration resistance parameter...

Page 65: ...al prot dc a20m Cal_current Parameter Cal_current 9 5E 3 to 20 5E 3 A Description A200U programs the 20mA comprehensive calibration step The allowable range of the cali bration current parameter is fr...

Page 66: ...2 1 Program 2A step 3 3 9 LLEVel CALibration PROTected LLEVel Low level calibration commands are summarized in Table 3 3 Table 3 3 Low level calibration commands Command Description CALibration PROTec...

Page 67: ...le turning on instrument power CAL PROT LLEV SWIT Request low level CAL switch status STEP CALibration PROTected LLEVel STEP Purpose To program individual low level calibration steps Format cal prot l...

Page 68: ...y calibration step the Model 2002 will generate an error message Several methods to detect calibration errors are discussed in the following paragraphs The cal ibration programs listed in Appendix B m...

Page 69: ...the OPC operation com plete bit in the standard event enable register allowing operation complete status from the standard event status register to set the ESB event summary bit in the status byte whe...

Page 70: ...Specifications A 1 A Specifications...

Page 71: ...ies Theabsoluteuncertaintiesforthecalibration sources used during Keithley s factory calibration are included in the specifi cations The uncertainties of the operator s sources may be different All AC...

Page 72: ...uncertainties are equal to the uncertainty of the 20V calibration source Speed and Accuracy 90 Days Accuracy1 5 ppm of reading ppm of range ppm of range rms noise10 10PLC 1PLC DFILT On 10PLC DFILT On...

Page 73: ...ns apply for 20 reading repeat digital filter TREF 0 5 C TREF is the initial ambient temperature and for measurements within 10 of the initial measurement value and within 10 minutes of the initial me...

Page 74: ...0 2 1MHz 1 2MHz 200 mV 0 25 0 015 0 07 0 015 0 02 0 01 0 02 0 01 0 025 0 01 0 05 0 01 0 3 0 01 0 75 0 025 2 0 1 5 0 2 2 V 0 25 0 015 0 07 0 015 0 02 0 01 0 02 0 01 0 025 0 01 0 05 0 01 0 3 0 01 0 75 0...

Page 75: ...onormeasurementfunction once every 24 hours 9 AC peak specifications assume AC DC coupling for fre quencies below 200Hz 10 Specifications apply for 10 reading digital filter If no filter is used add 0...

Page 76: ...reading ppm of reading ppm of range ppm of range C RANGE 24 Hours6 90 Days7 1 Year7 2 Years7 Outside TCAL 5 C 20 5 12 15 16 17 17 20 19 2 5 2 5 200 7 8 17 11 19 12 22 13 2 5 1 8 2 k 3 5 1 1 8 1 4 10...

Page 77: ...at calibration 23 C at the factory 7 For TCAL 5 C following 4 hour warm up 8 In burst mode display off Burst mode requires autozero refresh bychangingresolutionormeasurementfunction once every 24 hou...

Page 78: ...CAL 1 C following 55 minute warm up TCAL is ambient temperature at calibration 23 C at the factory 3 For TCAL 5 C following 55 minute warm up 4 Typical values Peak to peak noise equals 6 times rms noi...

Page 79: ...4 4 5 Additional Error 0 0 1 0 2 0 4 Average ACI Measurement rms specifications apply for 10 to 100 of range Settling Characteristics 300ms to 1 of step change 450ms to 0 1 of step change 500ms to 0...

Page 80: ...outside TCAL 5 C Maximum Source HI Lead Resistance 200 Maximum Source LO Lead Resistance 100 RTDTemperatureReadingRates1 2 or4 Wire Readings or Readings with Time Stamp Second to Memory or IEEE 488 PL...

Page 81: ...sion Time2 Readings Readings with Only Time Stamp Format Time Rdg s Time Rdg s DREAL Double precision real 0 51 ms 1961 3 1 ms 323 SREAL Single precision real 0 38 ms 2632 3 3 ms 303 ASCII 6 2 ms 161...

Page 82: ...Consumption 55VA Environmental Operating Temperature 0 C to 50 C Storage Temperature 40 C to 70 C Humidity 80 R H 0 C to 35 C per MIL T 28800E1 Para 4 5 5 1 2 Calibration Type Software No manual adju...

Page 83: ...A 14 Specifications...

Page 84: ...th MS DOS 5 0 or later QuickBASIC version 4 5 or later or Visual BASIC for MS DOS may also be used MS DOS version 5 0 or later version 3 3 or later may be used if not using QBasic HP style Universal L...

Page 85: ...able B 2 Recommended equipment for low level calibration Mfg Model Description Specifications Fluke 5700A Calibrator 5ppm basic uncertainty DC Voltage 2V 7ppm 20V 5ppm 100V 7ppm Resistance 19 26ppm 19...

Page 86: ...errors then save the program using a convenient filename 7 Compile and or run the program and follow the prompts on the screen to perform calibration B 7 Unlocking calibration In order to unlock comp...

Page 87: ...nable or disable calibrator external sense as indicated in procedure Sense HI Sense LO Sense LO Sense HI Figure B 3 Calibrator voltage connections 2002 MULTIMETER Input HI Output HI Input LO Output LO...

Page 88: ...ader CLS Clear CRT PRINT Model 2002 Multimeter Comprehensive Calibration Program PRINT This program controls the Fluke 5700A Calibrator GOSUB CheckSwitch GOSUB KeyCheck PRINT 1 OUTPUT 16 CAL PROT INIT...

Page 89: ...OUTPUT 16 SYST PRES Restore bench defaults PRINT Calibration completed END KeyCheck Check for key press routine WHILE INKEY WEND Flush keyboard buffer PRINT PRINT Press any key to continue ESC to abo...

Page 90: ...st DATA Connect low thermal short to inputs wait 3 minutes DC ZERO DATA OUT 2 V DC V2 2 DATA OUT 20 V DC V20 20 DATA OUT 1 MOHM DC OHM1M DATA OUT 100 KOHM DC OHM200K DATA OUT 19 KOHM DC OHM20K DATA OU...

Page 91: ...d keypress errcheck chkswit settle endpgm char buf 100 date 10 int i j calend if ieeein fopen IEEE r NULL Open input file printf Cannot open IEEE 488 bus I O n exit 1 ieeeout fopen IEEE w Open output...

Page 92: ...utput 4 s n msg i break case 14 fprintf ieeeout output 4 stby n printf s n msg i keypress break case 15 printf s n msg i break if i 0 i 14 1 15 settle if i 2 i 9 fprintf ieeeout output 16 s s opc n cm...

Page 93: ...6 n fgets errbuf 100 ieeein if atoi errbuf 0 printf n s n errbuf void chkswit Check cal switch int swit 0 while swit 0 fprintf ieeeout output 16 cal prot swit n fprintf ieeeout enter 16 n fscanf ieeei...

Page 94: ...B CheckSwitch GOSUB KeyCheck RESTORE CmdList PRINT 1 OUTPUT 16 CAL PROT INIT Initiate calibration FOR I 1 TO 29 Loop for all cal points READ Msg Cmd Read message cal strings IF I 17 THEN C CAL PROT SE...

Page 95: ...GOTO EndProg Abort if ESC is pressed RETURN CalEnd Check for cal step completion PRINT Performing calibration step I DO PRINT 1 SRQ Request SRQ status INPUT 2 S Input SRQ status byte LOOP UNTIL S Loo...

Page 96: ...OUT 1A DC A2 1 DATA Disconnect calibrator from INPUT and SENSE jacks DC OPEN DATA Performing AC calibration please wait UNPR ACC DATA OUT 20 V 1 KHZ LLEV STEP 1 DATA OUT 20 V 30 KHZ LLEV STEP 2 DATA O...

Page 97: ...k cal prot dc ohm200 cal prot dc ohm20 cal prot dc a200u 200e 6 cal prot dc a2m 2e 3 cal prot dc a20m 20e 3 cal prot dc a200m 200e 3 cal prot dc a2 1 cal prot dc open cal unpr acc cal prot llev step 1...

Page 98: ...13 case 17 case 18 case 19 case 20 case 21 case 22 case 23 case 24 case 25 fprintf ieeeout output 4 s n msg i fprintf ieeeout output 4 oper n break case 3 case 4 case 5 case 6 case 7 case 8 fprintf i...

Page 99: ...lose ieeeout void keypress Wait for keypress printf nPress any key to continue ESC to abort n while kbhit 0 if getch 27 endpgm int calend n Check for cal end int n int stat printf Performing calibrati...

Page 100: ...brator settle int stat do fprintf ieeeout output 4 isr n fprintf ieeeout enter 4 n fscanf ieeein d stat while stat 0x1000 void endpgm End program fprintf ieeeout output 4 stby n printf Calibration abo...

Page 101: ...Calibration Programs B 18...

Page 102: ...d is sent at the end of the calibration procedure If the in ternal temperature drift is excessive the ERR annunciator will turn on and the Excessive temp drift during cal mes sage will be placed in th...

Page 103: ...398 399 2k ohm fs oc out of spec 200 ohm fs out of spec 200 ohm fs oc out of spec 20 ohm fs out of spec 20 ohm fs oc out of spec 200ua full scale out of spec 2ma full scale out of spec 20ma full scal...

Page 104: ...fer data lost GPIB address lost Power on state lost AC calibration data lost DC calibration data lost Calibration dates lost Installed option id lost Preamp calibration data lost Low level calibration...

Page 105: ...AC ranges Average offset for 200mV and 20V AC ranges 100 1 divider attenuation factor 500 1 divider attenuation factor Positive peak offset for 200mV AC range Negative peak offset for 200mV AC range P...

Page 106: ...e 7V reference 20V full scale 20V full scale divider x5 20V full scale divider x50 Hi ohms resistance 1M full scale 200k full scale 20k full scale 20k full scale OC on 20k full scale OC off 2k full sc...

Page 107: ...ue x10 average noise factor DC attenuator correction Negative full scale rollover value Rear 20V zero Rear 2V zero Rear 200mV zero Rear 1M 4 wire zero Rear 1M 2 wire zero Rear 200k 4 wire zero Rear 20...

Page 108: ...site of enabling cal with CAL switch Request comprehensive CAL switch state 0 locked 1 unlocked Save cal constants to EEROM Download cal constants from 2002 Send cal date to 2002 Request cal date from...

Page 109: ...AC at 1kHz step 200mV AC at 1kHz step 5mV AC at 100kHz step 0 5mV AC at 1kHz step 100V DC step 20V DC step Rear inputs short circuit step 20mA AC at 1kHz step 2V AC at 1Hz step Commands in this subsy...

Page 110: ...itions 1 1 2 2 Error generation C 1 Error summary C 1 Error queue 3 13 F Frequency accuracy verification 1 15 Front panel AC calibration 2 12 Front panel comprehensive calibration 2 4 Front panel erro...

Page 111: ...able Bit 3 13 T Temperature drift error C 1 Temperature reading checks 1 17 Thermocouple temperature reading checks 1 17 Turbo C program requirements B 1 U Unlocking calibration B 3 Using the OPC comm...

Page 112: ...nstable Will not read applied input Overload Calibration only Certi cate of calibration required Data required attach any additional sheets as necessary Show a block diagram of your measurement system...

Page 113: ......

Page 114: ...Landsberger Strasse 65 D 82110 Germering 089 84 93 07 40 Fax 089 84 93 07 34 GREAT BRITAIN Keithley Instruments Ltd The Minster 58 Portman Road Reading Berkshire RG30 1EA 0118 9 57 56 66 Fax 0118 9 5...

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