iPulse iPB4, User Manual

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iPB4 Biometric Device Range – Installation & User Guide – Rev 07 ©2017-2018 iPulse Systems
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APPENDIX E
UNDERSTANDING FINGERPRINTS
FINGERPRINTS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
One of the most common questions surrounding fingerprint biometrics is whether or not we store an actual
image of the fingerprint. The simple answer is no! The data is extracted using an algorithm, unique to each
company. An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for calculations, used for data processing and
automated reasoning.
In this instance, the algorithm extracts identifying points, known as minutiae, from the image of a person’s
fingerprint. These points, based on the patterns found on the fingerprint, are mapped as a series of data
points called a
minutiae string . A biometric template is constructed from at least two minutiae strings,
and this what gets stored for later use in a database or on a device.
BASIC PATTERNS
Fingerprints usually consist of one of three basic patterns:
•
Arch : Ridges enter from one side of the finger, rise in the center forming an arc, and then exit the
other side of the finger.
•
Loop : Ridges enter from one side of a finger, form a curve, and then exit on that same side.
•
Whorl : Ridges form circularly around a central point on the finger.
A fingerprint can also combine more than one pattern of the same or differing types, such as a double-loop
or a two deltas that accidentally form a whorl.
On average, roughly 65% of the population have loops, 30% have whorls and only 5% have arches.
Scientists have found that family members often share the same general fingerprint patterns, leading to
the belief that these patterns can be inherited
i
.
Figure 12 - Common fingerprint Types