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Inficon Protec P3000, Translation Of The Original Operating Manual, Page: 99 / 128

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Inficon Protec P3000 Translation Of The Original Operating Manual Download Page 99

Maintenance

99

1

Depending on the contamination the air filter should be cleaned or replaced as 
necessary.

2

Push in new (changed) air filter until fully in contact with dead stop.

3

Close air filter fastener.

4

From the main menu go to 

HISTORY

 & 

MAINTENANCE

/

CONFIRM

 

MAINTENANCE

 and 

confirm with the appropriate button on the right side of the display that the air filter 
has been replaced / cleaned. The actual date and time as well as the actual 
number of operating hours will be saved and a reminder to perform this 
maintenance task again will be issued after another 10.000 operating hours.

Fig. 70

 Dismounting of the air filter

Fig. 71

 Inserting the air filter

Summary of Contents for Protec P3000

Page 1: ...t no 4 17 kina26en1 19 1902 Catalog No Protec P3000 Protec P3000 520 001 520 002 Protec P3000XL Protec P3000XL 520 003 520 004 Protec P3000 RC Protec P3000 RC 520 103 520 104 Protec P3000XL RC Protec...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...2 How the Protec P3000 Works 26 2 1 Description of the Functions 26 2 2 Description of the Subassemblies 26 2 2 1 Backing Pump 26 2 2 2 Wise TechnologyTM Sensor 26 2 2 3 Valve Holder 27 2 2 4 Control...

Page 4: ...acuum Access 57 4 4 2 Audio Functions 63 4 4 3 Display Settings 64 4 4 4 Setting up editing an I Guide Program 66 4 4 5 Miscellaneous Settings 68 4 5 Interfaces 69 4 5 1 Control location 69 4 5 2 Reco...

Page 5: ...ng the water protection tip for SL3000 only 102 7 4 3 Checking replacing the sinter filter for SL3000 only 103 7 5 Replacing the filter pad of the sniffer tip for SL3000XL only 104 7 6 Switching the c...

Page 6: ...only Consult local state and national agencies regarding specific require ments and regulations Adress any further safety operation and or maintenance questions to our nearest office Failure to obser...

Page 7: ...n t touch voltaged parts with the sniffer tip Test samples need to be discon nected from electricity before leak testing For all contacts of the I O Port a maximum voltage of 60 V DC or 25 V AC must n...

Page 8: ...with bases acids and solvents as well as exposure to extreme climatic conditions Ensure sufficient air cooling see also Section 1 1 2 Before installation remove the transportation lock In order to ens...

Page 9: ...ly available mains voltage Do not suck in any liquids Permissible maximum input voltage PLC 28 V Permissible max voltage and current for open collector outputs are 28 V 50 mA Maximum load rating relay...

Page 10: ...10 General Safety Precautions...

Page 11: ...e The Protec P3000 is a helium leak detector for sniffer applications It may be used to localise and quantify leaks in test samples if there is helium under an overpressure within the test sample and...

Page 12: ...but can be switched back to normal flow at increased sensitivity In order to use both flow modes high and low it requires the use of the SL3000XL sniffer line It may also be operated with the normal...

Page 13: ...re not binding Gas flow through the capillary For Protec P3000 225 375 sccm For Protec P3000XL in HIGH FLOW mode 2660 3500 sccm Time until ready for operation approx 3 min Measured at 1 atm 1013 mbar...

Page 14: ...nd or disposal of vacuum equipment and components will only be carried out if a correctly completed declaration has been submitted Non completion will result in delay This declaration may only be comp...

Page 15: ...ed Equipment The Protec P3000 leak detector is ready for operation Before installation please read Section 1 5 Included with the leak detector are the following items Protec P3000 main unit Mains cord...

Page 16: ...122 16 FT 600 600 mm flexible 122 09 ST 500 500 mm rigid 45 angled 122 75 Water protection tip for sniffer 122 46 SL3000XL Sniffer line for Protec P3000XL SL3000XL 3 3 m length 521 011 SL3000XL 5 5 m...

Page 17: ...here mains switch 1 4 1 Symbols of Vacuum Technology In the following some important symbols of vacuum technology as used in this hand book are shown Holder for SL3000 XL 525 006 PRO Check reference l...

Page 18: ...n order to avoid a readout of the internal helium background and mistaking it as a properly measured value If subsequently negative leak rates are obtained due to this correction the stored offset val...

Page 19: ...d consists of a yellow knurled screws Please remove this screw before starting up the leak detector The Protec P3000 is supplied ready for operation Initial start up is described in Section 3 1 Fig 2...

Page 20: ...obstructed to the sides The clearance at the rear must be no less than 10 cm 4 in Moreover the Protec P3000 handles for carrying the leak detector at the sides of the main unit must not be covered at...

Page 21: ...the water protection tip 1 screw off the metallic capillary filter at the very end of the sniffer tip and 2 install the water protection tip instead Notice Please do not forget to re install the litt...

Page 22: ...ersions only The RC version has no built in display unit but a connectors plate is mounted instead Please connect the external display unit with the 5m connecting table Cat no 551 002 and tighten the...

Page 23: ...little hooks of the holder into the two slots either on the right or the left side With the hooks still inserted let the holder flap down It will automa tically attach to the metal front by the magnet...

Page 24: ...Protec P3000 is equipped with a RS232 interface which is located on the rear right side of the main unit This interface is of the DCE type Data Communications Equipment and allows the connection of a...

Page 25: ...For details see Section 6 1 Through this connection some functions of the Protec P3000 can be controlled exter nally or measurement data or the status of the Protec P3000 may be communicated to exter...

Page 26: ...nder normal operating conditions 2 2 Description of the Subassemblies 2 2 1 Backing Pump A diaphragm pump in the Protec P3000 serves as the backing pump All data and further information on this pump a...

Page 27: ...ontinuously informed about the status of the entire Protec P3000 and can respond accordingly In order to accept commands from the operator and to output measured values and messages the control subass...

Page 28: ...ously The external display unit offers four additional buttons The START STOP buttons have no function the external display unit may also be used with other INFICON leak detectors which need these but...

Page 29: ...in I Guide mode navigation through I Guide program for all configurations The probe handle also offers some LEDs in the flange of the sniffer tip in order to illuminate the location currently being l...

Page 30: ...the Protec P3000 including the correct calibration and can also be used for re calibrating the Protec P3000 if necessary The PRO Check reference leak is inserted in the front of the housing Insertion...

Page 31: ...ed Notice The PRO Check reference leak is not part of the Protec P3000 shipment and needs to be ordered as a separate part no see section 1 3 2 Accessories Notice If you have not purchased the PRO Che...

Page 32: ...te the progress of this warm up stage The expected warm up time left will be stated below the bar graph Notice The start up procedure normally lasts 2 3 min After extended times of power off however t...

Page 33: ...erface is the probe handle display giving all necessary information for proper leak testing After start up the Protec P3000 will automatically go into measurement mode Bar graph display The currently...

Page 34: ...e selected value is also displayed as the first entry of the status line at the bottom of the display and only applies to the loud speaker in the main unit For selecting different types of alarms see...

Page 35: ...lent different trigger level etc can be selected For details on how to set up the different gas parameters see section 4 3 1 Info Button When pressing the i info button bottom right side of the displa...

Page 36: ...ZERO For details on the ZERO function please refer to 4 4 1 ZERO The right probe button is used for navigation when working in I Guide mode see Section 3 4 2 or for starting an internal calibration se...

Page 37: ...tem GROSS is displayed and an acustic signal is to hear If a huge amount of helium is detected the Protec P3000 may show the message HELIUM CONTAMINATED The leak detector will come back to measurement...

Page 38: ...robe handle and the probe handle will start to slightly vibrate As an additional indication of exceeding the trigger value the three white LEDs in the flange of the sniffer tip will start flashing As...

Page 39: ...ation may be programmed In addition a maximum allowable global leak rate for the total unit under test is stored In the I Guide mode up to 10 pre programmed testing procedures can be stored Notice If...

Page 40: ...g an I Guide Program In the measuring screen of the I Guide operating mode the selected program the gas type stored in the program as well as the summarized global leak rate will be displayed For Prot...

Page 41: ...d a beep will indi cate that the measuring time has elapsed and the sniffer tip can be moved again After the measurement time has elapsed the message Move to point 2 will be displayed on the main unit...

Page 42: ...l leak check okay will be displayed followed by the testing results for each tested location Notice For each location where no leak is detected the currently selected lower diplay limit is added to th...

Page 43: ...points is set to 99 a results screen with summarized global leak rate will be displayed after the right button has been pressed for 2 s conintously or after the 98th point automatically 3 4 3 The Inf...

Page 44: ...rm up has been longer than 20 min e g after a quick restart of the Protec P3000 The built in PRO Check reference leak can be used for a self test of the Protec P3000 as well as for internal calibratio...

Page 45: ...on may be started by pressing either the right sniffer probe button or the CAL button on the main display The results of the verification will be displayed in a summarizing screen If the verifi cation...

Page 46: ...ening the Protec P3000 will measure the test leak Afterwards the operator will be requested to remove the sniffer tip from the leak opening After completion of the internal calibration a screen summar...

Page 47: ...s been locked A running calibration process may be cancelled by oper ating the ESC button After pressing the CAL button please check whether the leak rate equals the leak rate of the external leak you...

Page 48: ...ok once more A message Please wait will be displayed until the calibration is finished After completion of the external calibration a screen summarizing the results of the calibration will be displaye...

Page 49: ...he parameters entered are saved by Protec P3000 After switching on the Protec P3000 will revert to the same status it was in when it was switched off before 3 8 Storage for fast availability as back u...

Page 50: ...colours The up and down keys are also used for changing numerical values to a new setting Help function by pressing this key additional information on how to use this page can be displayed Esc Going...

Page 51: ...fer A larm type Volume Setup I Guide I Guide ON OFF Off butto n M eas 1 10 edit Name Gas No of po ints M easuring time Wait time Global trigger M iscellaneo us Language Time date P RO Check Warntime E...

Page 52: ...current trigger value With default settings only helium is set up in the first set of parameters The remai ning three sets are blank Only sets that have been edited will be listed in the list of gas p...

Page 53: ...ide of the measurement screen When pressing the list button a short cut to selecting the different parameter sets will be provided Additional Helium This submenu only is available when operating in ga...

Page 54: ...rrection factor will be displayed in inverted colours In this case adjust the parameters until the correction factor is displayed in normal colours again Press OK if all parameters are as desired Noti...

Page 55: ...rement In the EDIT GAS X info page the TRIGGER UNIT sub menu page will open by selecting the corresponding line item You can change the trigger level setting by the use of the left UP and DOWN keys Th...

Page 56: ...ent absolute lower display limits at other factors are the lower display limit in LOW FLOW mode mulitplied by a factor of 10 Notice For Protec P3000XL only When switching from LOW FLOW to HIGH FLOW or...

Page 57: ...avoiding unintended missing of leaks The ZERO TIME is the time the leak rate has to be negative in order for the Protec P3000 to update the background level The ZERO TIME can be set to values between...

Page 58: ...l gas flow drops below this limit e g if the capillary becomes partially blocked or exceeds this limit e g if the sniffer line is damaged so that ambient air is sucked in an alarm is issued The closer...

Page 59: ...the FLOW SETTINGS submenu four further submenus will be displayed Flow limits LOW FLOW In this submenu the UPPER FLOW LIMIT and LOWER FLOW LIMIT for the LOW FLOW mode may be set up The LOWER FLOW LIM...

Page 60: ...hnology sensor If these PRESSURE LIMITS are exceeded or undercut this is an indication of the smaller capillary s flow being out of the normal range and a warning message W41 or W42 is issued Addition...

Page 61: ...value for the HIGH FLOW mode will also be converted into a corresponding LOWER PRESSURE LIMIT If the corresponding LOWER PRESSURE LIMIT is undercut this is an indication of the smaller capillary s flo...

Page 62: ...will go back into operation automatically and will be ready for measu rement again in approx 5 sec Default value 10 min Notice It is recommended to keep the STANDBY delay time as short as possible to...

Page 63: ...ons are SETPOINT PINPOINT and TRIGGER ALARM SETPOINT The frequency of the tone will change when the trigger level is exceeded Below the trigger level the loudspeaker will remain off TRIGGER ALARM An a...

Page 64: ...ubmenu the contrast of the main unit display can be adjusted Values between 0 and 99 can be entered Also the display can be switched to inverted colours Default value not inverted Level 30 Notice If b...

Page 65: ...he sniffer line during measurements can be ENABLED or DISABLED If ENABLED the flow will be indicated in the STANDARD OPERATION MODE only underneath the leak rate bar graph as integer number Notice Aft...

Page 66: ...of the program the gas type selected for this program the number of locations to be leak tested the minimum measuring time for each location as well as the wait time between two leak tests allowed fo...

Page 67: ...the next location to be tested continuously without using the global leak rate function Notice The I Guide mode can also be used to summarize leak rates on demand If the number of points is set to 99...

Page 68: ...terwards and select the appropriate language Date Time In this submenu the internal clock of the Protec P3000 can be set On the first page the date needs to be entered in the format DD MM YYYY The low...

Page 69: ...still be able to be changed through the main units software menues Please lock these by activating the menu PIN to prevent unitended changes 4 5 2 Recorder outputs The RECORDER OUTPUT SCALE is linear...

Page 70: ...ne decade is spread over 2 Volts 3 is used because the trigger level will always be within the range of 3 to 5 V Example calculations Trigger TE Trigger exponent U Output voltage LR Leak rate 2 83 oz...

Page 71: ...the selected trigger level In the modes ERROR NOT READY TO MEASURE and STANDBY a voltage of U 10 V will be output through channels 1 and 2 Default setting AUTO 4 5 3 RS232 Protocol The RS232 protocol...

Page 72: ...input represents which command The default setting is as follows To change these settings select the appropriate pin with the UP and DOWN arrows on the left side of the display and afterwards select...

Page 73: ...tector does not check for the electrical connection with the reference leak anymore and no error message is issued Default value Enable 4 6 The Info Menu The INFO MENU lists all internal data that may...

Page 74: ...ane Integer Heater Voltage V High Voltage V Operating time Wise h Wise Temperature C Software Version Wise Sensor Wise State Integer Measure Background Press button If pressing the MEASURE BACKGROUND...

Page 75: ...ing date DD MM YYYY Expiry Date DD MM YYYY Gain Offset Test leak temperature C F State Page 5 Sniffer data Type SL3000 SL3000XL system Software version x x Length 3m 5m 10m 15m Serial no 9000 xxx xxxx...

Page 76: ...the picture Page 7 Analog data AIN3 Sniffer length V AIN4 5V II Leak V AIN5 24V III ext V AIN6 5V I Sniffer V AIN8 15V MC50 V AIN9 15V MC50 V AIN10 24V MC50 V AIN11 24V I QMS V AIN12 24V II V Page 8 A...

Page 77: ...he error or warning The full error message or warning may be displayed when scrolling to the appropriate line item and pressing the magnifying glass button V1 bypass open close V2 measure open closed...

Page 78: ...rval for the sniffer tip filter depends on the operating environ ment and may be set to values between 10 and 999 hours If set to the reminder message for the sniffer tip filter will be disabled Defau...

Page 79: ...r of the main unit Please also refer to Section 5 1 Error Messages and Warnings Maintenance history In the maintenance history list all maintenance tasks performed are listed The date and the time the...

Page 80: ...l For details on how to perform the maintenance tasks see Chapter 7 Maintenance Replace PRO Check only available if ENABLED and in ADVANCED mode When replacing the gas reservoir of the PRO Check refer...

Page 81: ...Equipment Settings 81 Notice PRO Check Warntime Expire Date See Section 7 7 5 Fig 65 Activating new PRO Check gas reservoir...

Page 82: ...d by pressing the RESTART button The Protec P3000 then returns to the measurement mode Warnings Warnings are issued if an abnormal condition is detected that may cause increased inaccuracies of measur...

Page 83: ...nsor not ignited Current from Wise Technology sensor too low for more than 10 min after power on Restart the Protec P3000 if problem persists call nearest INFICON service representative E13 Problem in...

Page 84: ...ith fresh air and or clean with cotton swab E26 Background too high or Wise sensor defective Environment contaminated with helium or Wise Technology sensor defective Offer fresh air to sniffer line If...

Page 85: ...ry broken or leaky Upper flow limit setting too low Replace sniffer line and recalibrate or Replace probe cable Increase upper flow limit See Section 4 4 1 E38 Pump error Fore pump defective Call near...

Page 86: ...in main unit blocked Capillary blocked Replace sniffer tip filter and recalibrate See Section 7 4 Replace internal filter and recalibrate Replace sniffer line and recalibrate Or Replace probe cable a...

Page 87: ...in sniffer line blocked Internal filter in main unit blocked Limit low flow error for LOW FLOW mode too high Replace sniffer tip filter and recalibrate see section 7 4 Replace internal filter and reca...

Page 88: ...y during start up EEPROM on motherboard is faulty Replace EEPROM W64 There are outstanding warnings Acknowledged but still valid warnings will be repeated every 2 hrs or on each new power on Please do...

Page 89: ...o page 2 Not enough time expired for air signal to stabilized acknowledged too early Repeat calibration allow sufficient time for air signal to stabilize W81 Calibration factor too low Calibration fac...

Page 90: ...00 XL Keep Protec P3000 running while providing fresh air to sniffer line until warning is cleared If warning occurs frequently increase contamination limit Check helium background See Section 4 6 Inf...

Page 91: ...ement data or the of the Protec P3000 status may be communicated to external equipment Through relay change over contacts the trigger levels as well as the operating mode Ready of the Protec P3000 may...

Page 92: ...enu please refer to Section 4 4 4 The currently selected commands can be viewed on INFO page 7 Standby Change from LOW to HIGH to activate STANDBY function Change from HIGH to LOW to deactivate STANDB...

Page 93: ...C Outputs These outputs can be used to monitor the Protec P3000 via a programmable logic control PLC PLC Outputs are designed as an Open Collector Output or a relay output Please refer to the example...

Page 94: ...Signal is LOW if the preset trigger level is exceeded Error Signal is LOW if a warning or error message is active 6 1 4 1 Relay outputs Technical data Pin assignment Pin Command not editable 4 Ready...

Page 95: ...ts 6 1 5 How to perform a calibration A calibration process is started by setting the CALIBRATION input to HIGH after the sniffer probe tip has been placed in front of a test leak The READY signal wil...

Page 96: ...al stays LOW and is set back to HIGH when the background signal also had enough time to stabilize At this time the calibration will be completed the results of the calibration process will be shown on...

Page 97: ...air level 2000 5000 10 00 0 Check sinter filter and replace if necessary Sniffer tip Sinter Filter for Sniffertip SL3xx SL3000 x 5 pcs 200 03 500 X I Replace if W35 Flow too low Sniffer tip Felt for C...

Page 98: ...e built in PRO Check first Notice To prevent scratching of the front cover it is recommended to use a soft base 1 The fastener for the air filter is on the bottom of the Protec P3000 2 Screw out the f...

Page 99: ...go to HISTORY MAINTENANCE CONFIRM MAINTENANCE and confirm with the appropriate button on the right side of the display that the air filter has been replaced cleaned The actual date and time as well as...

Page 100: ...lose the lid of the mains socket Re connect the mains cord to the Protec P3000 and switch on the leak detector 7 4 Replacing filters in the sniffer line If the sniffer probe is clogged a warning Flow...

Page 101: ...ter for SL3000 only 1 Switch of the Protec P3000 2 Unscrew capillary filter push out old felt filter from the back side The Protec P3000 must be recalibrated after any maintenance of the sniffer tip F...

Page 102: ...e actual date and time as well as the actual number of operating hours will be saved and a reminder for maintenance will be issued again after the preset number of hours For details see Chapter 4 7 No...

Page 103: ...operating hours will be saved and a reminder for maintenance will be issued again after the preset number of hours For details see Chapter 4 7 8 Please recalibrate the Protec P3000 for most accurate d...

Page 104: ...d the complete sniffer line needs to be replaced 10 Please recalibrate the Protec P3000 for most accurate display of leak rate 7 5 Replacing the filter pad of the sniffer tip for SL3000XL only When yo...

Page 105: ...in each direction 4 Place new filter pad in the cap nut and press it in carefully The filter pad works in each direction 5 Put sniffer tip onto handle and screw tight with your hands Now you can use...

Page 106: ...ffer tip and press to seal off the inlet c A warning Protec P3000XL W41 and LOW FLOW W35 should be issued by the Protec P3000XL If no W41 is issued please tighten the cap nut more firmly and repeat th...

Page 107: ...ary filter you need to remove the taper gasket The plastic capillary filter will not fit with the taper gasket installed 1 Remove the two Philips screws in the flange of the sniffer tip and remove sni...

Page 108: ...you switch from the plastic capillary filter to the metal capillary filter do not forget to re install the taper gasket as otherwise the SL3000 sniffer line will be leaky 1 Unscrew the plastic capilla...

Page 109: ...he new gas reservoir for calibration during this time 1 Pull out the PRO Check The PRO Check reference leak is fixed with magnetic holders and can be pulled out easily 2 Screw off the gas reservoir co...

Page 110: ...rvoir with hex nut key only 4 Re install the PRO Check in the Protec P3000 Notice The PRO Check does not fit in the Protec P3000 completely There is a little gap between the front panel of the Protec...

Page 111: ...MAINTENANCE REPLACE PRO CHECK In the opening sub menu enter the new serial number in the first line and the 12 digit code in the second line and press okay Notice This submenu only is available if the...

Page 112: ...annot be guaranteed Notice The empty container is not reusable and should be disposed according to national law 5 PRO Check Warntime Expire Date The warning time for the exchange of the PRO Check is a...

Page 113: ...ory locations user library EEPROM memory Here the user may save the data of gases the parameters of which he has defined himself see User Library He may also select any gases defined earlier The libra...

Page 114: ...C3HF7 170 R236fa C3H2F6 152 R245fa C3H3F5 134 R290 C3H8 Propane 44 1 R356 C4H5F5 166 1 R400 Blend of 50 R12 50 R114 141 6 R401A Blend of 53 R22 13 R152a 34 R124 94 4 R401B Blend of 61 R22 11 R152a 28...

Page 115: ...52 R143a 4 R134a 97 6 R405A Blend of 45 R22 7 R152a 5 5 142b 42 5 RC318 111 9 R406A Blend of 55 R22 4 R600a 41 R142b 89 9 R407A Blend of 20 R32 40 R125 40 R134a 90 1 R407B Blend of 10 R32 70 R125 20 R...

Page 116: ...15 R142b 97 4 R409B Blend of 65 R22 25 R124 10 R142b 96 7 R410A Blend of 50 R32 50 R125 72 6 R410B Blend of 45 R32 55 R125 75 6 R411A Blend of 1 5 R1270 87 5 R22 11 R152a 82 4 R411B Blend of 3 R1270 9...

Page 117: ...9 5 R124 1 5 R600 111 9 R417A Blend of 50 R134a 46 R125 4 R600a 106 7 R422D Blend of 65 1 R125 31 5 R134a 3 4 R600a 112 2 R438A Blend of 45 R125 44 2 R134a 8 5 R32 1 7 R600 0 6 R601a 104 9 R441A Blend...

Page 118: ...R134a 109 R452A Blend of 59 R125 30 R1234yf 11 R32 103 5 R452B Blend of 67 R32 26 R1234yf 7 R125 72 9 R500 Blend of 74 R12 26 R152a 99 3 R501 Blend of 75 R22 25 R12 93 1 R502 Blend of 49 R22 51 R115 1...

Page 119: ...end of 44 R134a 56 R1234yf 108 7 R600 C4H10 Butane 58 1 R600a C4H10 Isobutane 58 1 R601 C5H12 Pentane 72 2 R601a C5H12 Isopentane 72 2 R601b C5H12 Neopentane 72 2 R601c C5H12 Cyclopentane 70 1 R1233z...

Page 120: ...H2O R718 18 He Helium 4 HT135 Galden HT135 610 Kr Krypton 84 N2 Nitrogen 28 Ne Neon 20 2 NH3 R717 17 O2 Oxygen 32 SF6 146 1 Xe Xenon 131 3 ZT130 Galden ZT130 497 Gas designation max 5 digits Other De...

Page 121: ...CE Declaration of Conformity 121 9 CE Declaration of Conformity Fig 91...

Page 122: ...122 CE Declaration of Conformity...

Page 123: ...ist 77 error messages 82 error no 82 external calibration 47 F filter 100 flow 13 58 73 76 85 100 104 flow limit 58 fuse 15 24 82 100 G global trigger 66 68 H history 77 I I O Port 24 25 91 I O port 6...

Page 124: ...68 sniffer line 19 21 28 58 73 100 sniffer probe 11 29 36 100 sniffer tip 16 36 41 45 46 47 sniffer tips 16 Standby Delay 62 T transportation lock 19 trigger 57 72 V verification 44 W warning 43 82 w...

Page 125: ...Appendix 125...

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