104
M 322
Operator Manual
3 - Casing
. This is the resistant structure and com-
prises one or more layers of rubber plies. The way
the plies comprising the casing are arranged give
the structure its name. The following structures are
possible:
Conventional:
the plies are inclined and arranged
so that the strands comprising a ply overlap with
those of the adjacent ply. The tread, which is the
part of the tyre in contact with the ground, is part of
the sidewalls and so during rolling, sidewall flexure
is transmitted to the tread.
Radial
The casing consists of one or more plies with
the cords in a radial direction.
A radial casing in itself is quite unstable. To make
it stable and prevent incorrect tread movement in
the area of contact with the ground, the casing and
the tread are reinforced with an annular structure,
usually called a belt. The tread and sidewall work
with different, independent rigidities, so during roll-
ing, sidewall flexure is not transmitted to the tread.
4 - Side ring
This is a metal ring with various steel
wires. The casing plies are secured to the side ring.
5 - Belt
. This is a non-flexible circumferential struc-
ture comprising cross-plies at very low angles,
positioned below the tread, to stabilise the casing
in the footprint area.
6 - Centring band
. This is a small marking which indi-
cates the circumference of the top part of the bead
and is used as a reference to check exact tyre centring
on the rim after mounting.
7 - Protective band
. This is a circumferential marking
in the area of the sidewall which is more exposed
to accidental rubbing.
8 - Sidewall.
This is the area between the shoulder
and the centring band. It consists of a more or less
thin layer of rubber, which protects the casing plies
from lateral impact.
9 - Liner
This is a vulcanised, compound layer, im-
permeable to air, inside tubeless tyres.
10 - Filling
This is a generally triangular rubber profile,
above the side ring; it provides rigidity for the bead
and gradually offsets the abrupt uneven thickness
7
14
6
11
3
5
9
2
10
4
a
c
d
e
b
Summary of Contents for M 322
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Page 52: ...110 M 322 Operator Manual DV 1Ph 50d...
Page 53: ...M 322 Operator Manual 111 12V 50e...
Page 55: ...M 322 Operator Manual 113 STANDARD VERSION...
Page 56: ...114 M 322 Operator Manual VERSION WITH AIR MOTOR...
Page 57: ...M 322 Operator Manual 115 FS VERSION...
Page 58: ...116 M 322 Operator Manual VERSION WITH AIR MOTOR AND FS...