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HP 64700 series, User Manual

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Contents

1

Introducing the Analyzer

Analyzer Features  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 1-1

Simple Measurements  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 1-1
Trace Storage, Prestore, and Count  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 1-1
Sequencer and Windowing  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 1-2
Coordinated Measurements  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 1-2
Performance Measurements  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 1-2
External Analysis .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 1-2
Timing Analyzer  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 1-2

2

Getting Started

Introduction  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-1
Prerequisites  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-2
The Sample Program  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-2

Description of the Sample Program  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-2

Before You Can Use the Analyzer  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-6

Load the Program  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-6
R un the Program  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-6

The Default Trace Command  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-6

Displaying the Trace  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-6

Expressions in Trace Commands  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-8

Values  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-9
Symbols  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-9
Operators  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2-9

Qualifying the Trigger Condition  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  2-10

Trigger Position  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  2-10
Trace List Description  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  2-11

Modifying Previous Trace Commands  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  2-14

Command R ecall  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  2-14
Trace Modify Command .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  2-14

Specifying Storage Qualifiers  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  2-15
Prestoring States .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  2-16
Changing the Count Qualifier  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  2-18

Turning Counting Off  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  2-19

Contents-1

Summary of Contents for 64700 series

Page 1: ...1 HP 64000 UX CASE Solutions for Microprocessors HP 64700 Series Analyzer Softkey Interface User s Guide HP Part No 64700 97005 Printed in U S A September 1992 Edition 4 ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...ay be photocopied reproduced or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Hewlett Packard Company The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice AdvanceLink Vectra and HP are trademarks of Hewlett Packard Company IBM and PC AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation MS DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corpora...

Page 4: ...n is published A software code may be printed before the date this indicates the version level of the software product at the time the manual was issued Many product updates and fixes do not require manual changes and conversely manual corrections may be done without accompanying product changes Therefore do not expect a one to one correspondence between product updates and manual revisions Editio...

Page 5: ...robe to target system signals and how to configure and use the external analyzer Show you how to set up the analyzer trigger to break the emulator into the monitor program Show you how to drive external Coordinated Measurement Bus CMB or BNC trigger signals with the analyzer trigger Show you how to use the Timing Analyzer Softkey Interface This manual will not Show you how to use every Softkey Int...

Page 6: ...splaying the trace Chapter 4 Making Software Performance Measurements This chapter describes software performance measurements describes the steps in making measurements with the Software Performance Measurement Tool SPMT and shows you example measurements made on the demo program Chapter 5 Using the External Analyzer This chapter shows you how to connect the external analyzer probe to target syst...

Page 7: ...s This chapter furnishes a reference for each of the timing analyzer Softkey Interface commands describes the command using syntax diagrams provides a detailed description for each of the parameters and follows up with examples for the use of the command Appendix A External Analyzer Specifications Appendix B Timing Output and Display Appendix C Timing Messages Appendix D Accurate Timing Measuremen...

Page 8: ...mmands options and parts of command syntax bold italic Commands options and parts of command syntax which may be entered by pressing softkeys normal User specified parts of a command Represents the HP UX prompt Commands which follow the are entered at the HP UX prompt RETURN The new line key ...

Page 9: ...on of the Sample Program 2 2 Before You Can Use the Analyzer 2 6 Load the Program 2 6 Run the Program 2 6 The Default Trace Command 2 6 Displaying the Trace 2 6 Expressions in Trace Commands 2 8 Values 2 9 Symbols 2 9 Operators 2 9 Qualifying the Trigger Condition 2 10 Trigger Position 2 10 Trace List Description 2 11 Modifying Previous Trace Commands 2 14 Command Recall 2 14 Trace Modify Command ...

Page 10: ...ging the Trace Depth 3 3 Displaying About a Line Number 3 4 Disassembling the Trace Information 3 5 Displaying in Absolute Format 3 6 Displaying in Mnemonic Format 3 7 Including High Level Source Lines 3 8 Additional Options with Source On Only 3 8 Inverse Video 3 8 Tabs Are 3 9 Number of Source Lines 3 9 Including Symbol Information 3 10 Changing Column Widths 3 11 Displaying Count Absolute Relat...

Page 11: ...ization with Local Symbols 4 9 Restoring the Current Measurement 4 9 Running the Performance Measurement 4 10 Ending the Performance Measurement 4 10 Using the perf32 Report Generator 4 11 Options to perf32 4 11 Interpreting Reports of Activity Measurements 4 12 Memory Activity 4 12 Program Activity 4 12 Relative 4 13 Absolute 4 13 Mean 4 13 Standard Deviation 4 13 Symbols Within Range 4 13 Additi...

Page 12: ...ng the Analyzer Probe 5 2 Connecting the Probe to the Emulator 5 3 Connecting Probe Wires to the Target System 5 6 Configuring the External Analyzer 5 7 Should Emulation Control the External Bits 5 8 Threshold Voltage 5 8 External Analyzer Mode 5 8 Slave Clock Mode for External Bits State Mode Only 5 9 Edges of J K L M clock used for slave clock 5 13 Defining External Labels 5 13 Configuring Inter...

Page 13: ...vity 8 4 Managing Labels 8 4 Defining Labels 8 4 Modifying Label Definitions 8 5 Deleting Labels 8 5 Renaming Labels 8 5 Selecting Measurement Options 8 6 Selecting the Timing Analyzer Mode 8 6 Standard Mode 8 6 Glitch Capture Mode 8 6 Selecting the Sample Period or Rate 8 7 Specifying the Trigger Condition 8 7 Trigger on Anything 8 7 Trigger on Pattern 8 7 Trigger on Pattern Duration 8 8 Greater ...

Page 14: ...ing the Trace List 8 17 Trace List Organization 8 17 Sample Number 8 18 Reference Points 8 18 Mode 8 19 Sample Period 8 19 Statistical Summary 8 19 Cursor 8 19 Trace Data 8 19 Displaying Trace Data 8 19 Moving the Cursor 8 20 Scrolling the Trace List 8 21 Analyzing Trace Memory 8 21 Locating Events in Trace Memory 8 21 Marking Events 8 23 Processing for Data 8 25 Determining Intervals 8 25 Statist...

Page 15: ...ule 8 33 9 Timing Commands Overview 9 1 Softkey Interface Features 9 1 Softkeys 9 1 Command Completion 9 1 Command Word Selection 9 1 Command Line Recall 9 2 Command Line Erase 9 2 Multiple Commands on One Line 9 2 Change Directory 9 2 Filters and Pipes 9 2 Command Files 9 2 Help Command 9 3 Syntax Conventions 9 3 Oval shaped Symbols 9 3 Rectangular shaped Symbols 9 3 Circles 9 3 Summary of Comman...

Page 16: ...nt 9 64 process_for_data 9 68 QUALIFIER 9 72 rename 9 75 ROLL 9 76 sample 9 78 statistics 9 80 threshold 9 83 trace 9 85 trigger 9 86 wait 9 90 waveform_size 9 92 A External Analyzer Specifications General Specifications A 1 State Analyzer A 1 Timing Analyzer A 2 B Timing Output and Diagrams Overview B 1 Timing Diagram Outputs B 1 Graphics Timing Diagrams B 2 TERM Shell Variable B 2 WMSCRN Shell V...

Page 17: ...he Cursor B 11 Assigning the TIMING_ASCII Shell Variable B 11 Printer Requirements B 12 Using Measurement Data in Hexadecimal B 13 Understanding the Measurement Data Output B 13 Standard Mode Data Format B 13 Glitch Capture Mode Data Format B 14 Comparing Measurement Data to a Trace List B 15 C Timing Messages Overview C 1 Status Messages C 1 Informational Messages C 3 Waiting for trigger C 3 Exte...

Page 18: ...4 4 Prefetch Correction 4 30 Figure 4 5 Example Duration Measurement 4 34 Figure 4 5 Example Duration Measurement Cont d 4 35 Figure 5 1 Assembling the Analyzer Probe 5 2 Figure 5 2 Attaching Grabbers to Probe Wires 5 3 Figure 5 3 Removing Cover to Emulator Connector 5 4 Figure 5 4 Connecting the Probe to the Emulator 5 5 Figure 5 5 Connecting the Probe to the Target System 5 6 Figure 5 6 Mixed Cl...

Page 19: ...Tables Table 9 1 Summary of Commands 9 4 Table 9 2 Command Assignments 9 5 Contents 11 ...

Page 20: ...1 Notes 12 Contents ...

Page 21: ...er commands are the same in every emulator consequently this manual is shipped with every HP 64700 Series emulator ordered with the Softkey Interface 1 Analyzer Features This chapter lists basic features of the HP 64700 Series analyzer The chapters which follow show you how to use these features Simple Measurements The default condition of the analyzer allows you to perform a simple measurement by...

Page 22: ...d instruments Performance Measurements The Software Performance Measurement Tool SPMT which is part of the Softkey Interface allows you to make measurements on the performance of your programs You can measure activity in address ranges or you can measure the average time it takes during and between execution of a program module External Analysis Your HP 64700 Series emulator may optionally contain...

Page 23: ...The list above is only a basic description of the HP 64700 Series analyzer features The chapters which follow show you how to use these features Introduction 1 3 ...

Page 24: ...1 Notes 1 4 Introduction ...

Page 25: ...condition of the analyzer including how to begin the trace measurement and display the trace Expressions in trace command qualifiers This chapter shows you how to Specify a simple trigger and change the trigger position Specify a storage qualifier Use trace prestore Change the count qualifier Trigger on the Nth occurrence of some state Trigger on multiple states Use the sequencer Stop a trace meas...

Page 26: ...68000 HP 64742 emulator The sample program is written in 68000 assembly language A similar program written in 80186 assembly language can be found in the HP 64700 Series Emulators Terminal Interface Reference It is not important that you know 68000 assembly language however you should understand what the various sections of the program do and associate these tasks with the labels used in the progr...

Page 27: ...e RAND subroutine and memory locations for the stack is located at 600H Initialize the stack pointer AGAIN Save the two previous random numbers Call the RAND random number generator subroutine Test the two least significant bits of the previous random number If 00B then goto CALLER_0 If 01B then goto CALLER_1 If 10B then goto CALLER_2 If 11B then goto CALLER_3 CALLER_0 Call the WRITE_NUMBER subrou...

Page 28: ...ALLER_1 28 00000026 0801 0000 TWO_THREE BTST 0 D1 29 0000002A 6700 0012 BEQ CALLER_2 30 0000002E 6000 0014 BRA CALLER_3 31 32 The WRITE_NUMBER routine is called from 33 four different places The program is 34 repeated after the subroutine return 35 36 00000032 6100 0016 CALLER_0 BSR WRITE_NUMBER 37 00000036 60CE BRA AGAIN 38 00000038 6100 0010 CALLER_1 BSR WRITE_NUMBER 39 0000003C 60C8 BRA AGAIN 4...

Page 29: ... 4E6D MULS W 4E6DH D0 58 0000005A 2040 MOVEA L D0 A0 59 0000005C 41E8 0339 LEA 339H A0 A0 60 00000060 2008 MOVE L A0 D0 61 00000062 23C0 0000 0100 R MOVE L D0 RAND_SEED 62 00000068 4240 CLR W D0 63 0000006A 4840 SWAP D0 64 0000006C 0280 0000 00FF ANDI L 000000FFH D0 65 00000072 4E75 RTS 66 67 SECT DATA D 68 69 Random numbers written to this area 70 71 00000000 RESULTS DS B 100H 72 73 Variable used...

Page 30: ...entering the following command load anly RETURN Run the Program To start the emulator executing the sample program enter run from transfer_address RETURN The status line will show that the emulator is Running the user program 1 The Default Trace Command The default trace command shown below will trigger on any state store all captured states and count time To trace the states currently executing e...

Page 31: ...ws the external data captured by the external analyzer On 80 column display terminals the external data will be off screen use CTRL F and CTRL G to move the screen left and right Trace List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status time count Base hex hex mnemonic relative after 000424 0014 ORI B A4 001 000438 6100 BSR W 000044A 600 nS 002 00043A 0010 0010 sup...

Page 32: ...ll scroll through the trace list a line at a time You can also display the trace list starting with a specific line number for example display trace 100 RETURN Refer to the Displaying Traces chapter for more information the trace list display Note When a trigger condition is found but not enough states are captured to fill trace memory the status line will show that the trace is still running You ...

Page 33: ... or x A zero must precede any numerical value that begins with an X Symbols A symbol database is built when the absolute file is loaded into the emulator Both global and local symbols can be used when entering expressions Global symbols are entered as they appear in the source file or in the global symbols display When specifying a local symbol you must include the name of the source file anly s a...

Page 34: ...operators may be used together in analysis specification expressions For example if the local symbol exists the following is a valid expression file c symb 0b67dh 0fff00h 1 Qualifying the Trigger Condition Suppose you want to look at the execution of the sample program after the address of AGAIN label 406H occurs To trigger on the address of label AGAIN enter trace after AGAIN RETURN Trigger Posit...

Page 35: ...2200 MOVE L D0 D1 400 nS 002 00040A 6100 BSR W 0000450 400 nS 003 00040C 0044 0044 supr prog 400 nS 004 0006F8 0000 0000 supr data wr word 600 nS 005 0006FA 040E 040E supr data wr word 400 nS 006 000450 2039 MOVE L 0000600 D0 400 nS 007 000452 0000 0000 supr prog 400 nS 008 000454 0600 0600 supr prog 400 nS 009 000456 C1FC MULS W 04E6D D0 400 nS 010 000600 064D 064D supr data rd word 400 nS 011 00...

Page 36: ...S 029 0006F8 0000 0000 supr data rd word 800 nS STATUS M68000 Running user program Emulation trace complete______ R trace after AGAIN run trace step display modify break end ETC Trace List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status time count Base hex hex mnemonic relative 030 0006FA 040E 040E supr data rd word 400 nS 031 00040E 0801 BTST L 01 D1 400 nS 032 000...

Page 37: ...th the next loop of the program Trace List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status time count Base hex hex mnemonic relative 045 00044A 1340 MOVE B D0 00500 A1 400 nS 046 00044C 0500 0500 supr prog 400 nS 047 00044E 4E75 RTS 400 nS 048 00054E A1A1 A1 supr data wr byte 400 nS 049 000450 2039 MOVE L 0000600 D0 400 nS 050 0006F8 0000 0000 supr data rd word 400 ...

Page 38: ...ered you will have to recall the command There are two ways to recall trace commands command recall and the trace modify_command command Command Recall If the command you wish to modify has been recently entered within the last 20 commands you can use the command recall feature Press CTRL R to recall commands If you pass up the command of interest you can use CTRL B to move forward through the lis...

Page 39: ...ce List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status time count Base hex hex mnemonic relative after 000406 2241 MOVEA L D1 A1 2 6 uS 001 0005F3 4949 49 supr data wr byte 26 6 uS 002 0005FD 9999 99 supr data wr byte 29 2 uS 003 000549 4242 42 supr data wr byte 29 2 uS 004 000599 3A3A 3A supr data wr byte 29 2 uS 005 000542 0505 05 supr data wr byte 29 2 uS 006 00...

Page 40: ...ed to find the callers of the subroutine Prestore allows you to save up to two states which precede a normal store state Prestore is turned off by default However you can include a prestore qualifier in the command line to qualify the states which are prestored As an example let s use a prestore qualifier to show which caller of WRITE_NUMBER corresponds to each value written to the RESULTS area Be...

Page 41: ...t Base hex hex mnemonic relative after 000406 2241 MOVEA L D1 A1 2 6 uS pstore 00040A 6100 BSR W pstore 000438 6100 BSR W 003 000530 3737 37 supr data wr byte 26 6 uS pstore 00040A 6100 BSR W pstore 000444 6100 BSR W 006 000545 7070 70 supr data wr byte 30 4 uS pstore 00040A 6100 BSR W pstore 000432 6100 BSR W 009 000537 8E8E 8E supr data wr byte 28 0 uS pstore 00040A 6100 BSR W pstore 00043E 6100...

Page 42: ... Opcode or Status state count Base hex hex mnemonic relative after 0005C2 0606 06 supr data wr byte 001 0005C2 5353 53 supr data wr byte 51 002 0005C2 3333 33 supr data wr byte 1343 003 0005C2 E2E2 E2 supr data wr byte 291 004 0005C2 D3D3 D3 supr data wr byte 351 005 0005C2 3B3B 3B supr data wr byte 793 006 0005C2 2E2E 2E supr data wr byte 61 007 0005C2 1818 18 supr data wr byte 432 008 0005C2 1A1...

Page 43: ...curs 5 only 5c2h counting state AGAIN RETURN Trace List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status state count Base hex hex mnemonic relative 004 0005C2 4141 41 supr data wr byte 003 0005C2 4B4B 4B supr data wr byte 447 002 0005C2 E0E0 E0 supr data wr byte 81 001 0005C2 8F8F 8F supr data wr byte 9 about 0005C2 EFEF EF supr data wr byte 150 001 0005C2 9797 97 su...

Page 44: ...unting state AGAIN RETURN Press the downarrow key a few times to view the states that are stored before the trigger Trace List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status state count Base hex hex mnemonic relative 002 0005C2 5656 56 supr data wr byte 001 0005C2 6A6A 6A supr data wr byte 136 after 0005C3 9393 93 supr data wr byte 35 001 0005C2 2626 26 supr data w...

Page 45: ...rogram will cause the analyzer to trigger on the first access of 600H regardless of the value being read or written to this address However suppose you wish to trigger on the read of a specific value from 600H say 0XX5AH where X s are don t cares To trigger on the occurrence of this state you can include data and status qualifiers along with the address qualifier Suppose also that you want to go b...

Page 46: ...nce terms and an optional occurrence count for each term are available Trace List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status state count Base hex hex mnemonic relative 007 00054E 5858 58 supr data wr byte 31 006 0005F8 5C5C 5C supr data wr byte 6 005 000565 5E5E 5E supr data wr byte 20 004 000576 5D5D 5D supr data wr byte 16 003 0005F2 5454 54 supr data wr byte...

Page 47: ...LER_0 occurs 8 then TWO_THREE then CALLER_3 trigger about WRITE_NUMBER only range RESULTS thru RESULTS 0ffh RETURN Trace List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status state count Base hex hex mnemonic relative 007 000571 D9D9 D9 supr data wr byte 1 006 000523 A0A0 A0 supr data wr byte 1 sq adv 000432 6100 BSR W 1 004 0005D9 5E5E 5E supr data wr byte 0 sq adv ...

Page 48: ...an use the restart term to make certain some state does not occur in the sequence that triggers the analyzer For example you may have noticed in the previous trace that a write to the RESULTS area occurred between the TWO_THREE and CALLER_3 states in the sequence and that the state count associated with WRITE_NUMBER state shows that AGAIN occurred before the trigger What was actually captured in t...

Page 49: ...se it allows you to capture execution of all states in a window of code whereas storing states in a range won t capture the execution of subroutine Trace List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status state count Base hex hex mnemonic relative sq adv 00043E 6100 BSR W 0 006 000568 DFDF DF supr data wr byte 0 005 000596 6C6C 6C supr data wr byte 1 sq adv 000432...

Page 50: ...te and you could trigger on any state in that window by not specifying a trigger For example trace enable 40ah disable 472h RETURN Trace List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status state count Base hex hex mnemonic relative 015 000464 0000 0000 supr prog 0 016 000466 0600 0600 supr prog 0 017 000468 4240 CLR W D0 0 018 000600 091B 091B supr data wr word 0 0...

Page 51: ...1 Storing and Loading Trace Commands You can save a trace command to a trace specification file and reload it at a later time To store the current trace command enter store trace_spec tspecfile RETURN The trace command is saved in a file named tspecfile TS in the current directory The extension TS is appended to trace specification files if no extension is specified in the store trace_spec command...

Page 52: ...RACE Emulation trace started 11 58 52 TRACE Emulation trace complete 12 00 25 TRACE trace find_sequence CALLER_0 then TWO_THREE then CALLER_3 rest art CALLER_2 trigger about WRITE_NUMBER only range RESULTS thr u RESULTS 0ffh 12 00 26 TRACE Emulation trace started 12 00 26 TRACE Emulation trace complete 12 01 27 TRACE trace enable 40ah disable 472h 12 01 28 TRACE Emulation trace started 12 01 28 TR...

Page 53: ...command entered not the command which resulted in the loaded trace Also the trace status shown by the display status command does not reflect the loaded trace 1 Stopping the Trace You can and most likely will specify traces whose trigger or storage states are never found When this happens the Trace complete message is never shown and the trace continues to run Trace running When these situations o...

Page 54: ...eak enter the trace on_halt command and run the program When the break occurs the emulator is running in the background monitor and the analyzer is no longer capturing states To display the states leading up to the break enter the stop_trace command and the display trace command if traces are not currently being displayed When the on_halt option is used in a trace command the trigger condition and...

Page 55: ...and linked with the following HP 64902 C Cross Compiler command cc68000 hvONr hp64742 o cprg cprg c RETURN Then the default emulator configuration for the HP 64742 environment was copied to the current directory with the following command cp usr hp64000 env hp64742 config EA config EA RETURN Next the emulation system Softkey Interface was entered emul700 emul_name RETURN The emul_name in the previ...

Page 56: ...on the display on the screen with the keys described below Up Down The uparrow and downarrow or roll up and roll down keys move the display up or down on the screen one line at a time unsigned short dest 0x7f unsigned short dest_ptr main This is a comment block to demonstrate the number of source lines trace display option char message for message This message is to be written indefinitely dest_pt...

Page 57: ...displayed across the screen 1 Changing the Trace Depth The display trace depth command allows you to specify the number of states that are displayed By reducing the trace depth you can shorten the time it takes for the Softkey Interface to upload the trace information You can increase the trace depth to view more states of the current trace The maximum number of trace states is 1024 when counting ...

Page 58: ...og 480 nS 197 06017A 0006 0006 supr data rd word 520 nS 198 06017C 008E 008E supr data rd word 480 nS 199 000B04 4A12 4A12 supr prog 520 nS 200 06017C 0090 0090 supr data wr word 480 nS 201 06017A 0006 0006 supr data wr word 520 nS 202 000B06 66F0 66F0 supr prog 480 nS 203 000B16 6765 67 supr data rd byte 1 0 uS 204 000B08 60E0 60E0 supr prog 520 nS 205 000AF8 1012 1012 supr prog 760 nS 206 000AFA...

Page 59: ...r Status time count Base hex hex mnemonic relative 200 06017C 0090 0090 supr data wr word 480 nS 201 06017A 0006 0006 supr data wr word 520 nS 202 000B06 66F0 BNE B 0000AF8 480 nS 203 000B16 6765 67 supr data rd byte 1 0 uS 204 000B08 60E0 BRA B 0000AEA 520 nS 205 000AF8 1012 MOVE B A2 D0 720 nS 206 000AFA 4880 EXT W D0 520 nS 207 000B16 6765 67 supr data rd byte 480 nS 208 000AFC 2053 MOVEA L A3 ...

Page 60: ...80 nS 201 06017A 0006 11101100 520 nS 202 000B06 66F0 10110110 480 nS 203 000B16 6765 10101111 1 0 uS 204 000B08 60E0 10110110 520 nS 205 000AF8 1012 10110110 720 nS 206 000AFA 4880 10110110 520 nS 207 000B16 6765 10101111 480 nS 208 000AFC 2053 10110110 520 nS 209 000AFE 3080 10110110 480 nS 210 06017A 0006 11101110 520 nS 211 06017C 0090 11101110 480 nS 212 000B00 5493 10110110 520 nS 213 060090...

Page 61: ...0 nS 014 000AF0 26BC MOVE L 00006007C A3 520 nS 015 000AF2 0006 0006 supr prog 480 nS 016 000AF4 007C 007C supr prog 520 nS 017 000AF6 600C BRA B 0000B04 480 nS 018 06017A 0006 0006 supr data wr word 520 nS 019 06017C 007C 007C supr data wr word 480 nS 020 000AF8 1012 MOVE B A2 D0 520 nS 021 000B04 4A12 TST B A2 720 nS 022 000B06 66F0 BNE B 0000AF8 520 nS 023 000B0C 5468 54 supr data rd byte 480 n...

Page 62: ...urce lines are turned on three additional options are available in the set command inverse video tabs are and number of source lines Inverse Video This option allows you to display source lines in inverse video Trace List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status w Source Lines time count Base hex hex mnemonic relative cprg c line 6 thru 17 char message for me...

Page 63: ...nes up to the the previous source line that corresponds to actual code will be displayed The default value is five Values from one to 50 can be entered Trace List Offset 0 More data off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Address Data Opcode or Status w Source Lines time count Base hex hex mnemonic relative cprg c line 6 thru 17 This is a comment block to demonstrate the number of source lines trace displa...

Page 64: ...rg main 000012 0006 0006 supr prog 520 nS 016 cprg main 000014 007C 007C supr prog 480 nS 017 cprg main 000016 600C BRA B cprg c continue2 520 nS 018 DATA dest_ptr 0006 0006 supr data wr word 480 nS 019 D cprg c 000100 007C 007C supr data wr word 520 nS 020 cprg whileLoop1 1012 MOVE B A2 D0 480 nS 021 cprg c continue2 4A12 TST B A2 760 nS 022 cprg main 000026 66F0 BNE B cprg whileLoop1 480 nS 023 ...

Page 65: ...e guest dir68k cprg c main 00000E 0B0C 0B0C supr prog 014 PROG use guest dir68k cprg c main 000010 26BC MOVE L 00006007C A3 015 PROG use guest dir68k cprg c main 000012 0006 0006 supr prog 016 PROG use guest dir68k cprg c main 000014 007C 007C supr prog 017 PROG use guest dir68k cprg c main 000016 600C BRA B cprg c continu 018 DATA dest_ptr 0006 0006 supr data wr w 019 DATA users guest dir68k cprg...

Page 66: ...0 012 000AEC 0000 0000 supr prog 6 00 uS 000 013 000AEE 0B0C 0B0C supr prog 6 48 uS 000 014 000AF0 26BC MOVE L 00006007C A3 7 00 uS 000 015 000AF2 0006 0006 supr prog 7 48 uS 000 016 000AF4 007C 007C supr prog 8 00 uS 000 017 000AF6 600C BRA B 0000B04 8 48 uS 000 018 06017A 0006 0006 supr data wr word 9 00 uS 000 019 06017C 007C 007C supr data wr word 9 48 uS 000 020 000AF8 1012 MOVE B A2 D0 10 0 ...

Page 67: ... mnemonic absolute hex 011 0000EA 247C MOVEA L 000000B0C A2 5 48 uS 000 012 0000EC 0000 0000 supr prog 6 00 uS 000 013 0000EE 0B0C 0B0C supr prog 6 48 uS 000 014 0000F0 26BC MOVE L 00006007C A3 7 00 uS 000 015 0000F2 0006 0006 supr prog 7 48 uS 000 016 0000F4 007C 007C supr prog 8 00 uS 000 017 0000F6 600C BRA B 0000104 8 48 uS 000 018 05F77A 0006 0006 supr data wr word 9 00 uS 000 019 05F77C 007C...

Page 68: ...006007C A3 520 nS 015 000AF2 0006 0006 supr prog 480 nS 016 000AF4 007C 007C supr prog 520 nS 017 000AF6 600C BRA B 0000B04 480 nS 018 06017A 0006 0006 supr data wr word 520 nS 019 06017C 007C 007C supr data wr word 480 nS 020 000AF8 1012 MOVE B A2 D0 520 nS 021 000B04 4A12 TST B A2 720 nS 022 000B06 66F0 BNE B 0000AF8 520 nS 023 000B0C 5468 54 supr data rd byte 480 nS 024 000B08 60E0 BRA B 0000AE...

Page 69: ...ata off screen ctrl F ctrl G Label Opcode or Status time count xbits hi_byte low_byte Base mnemonic relative hex binary binary 011 000000B0C A2 480 nS 0000 00000000 00000000 012 supr prog 520 nS 0000 00000000 00000000 013 supr prog 480 nS 0000 00000000 00000000 014 00006007C A3 520 nS 0000 00000000 00000000 015 supr prog 480 nS 0000 00000000 00000000 016 supr prog 520 nS 0000 00000000 00000000 017...

Page 70: ...od command ts Refer to the Terminal Interface Analyzer User s Guide for a complete description of this status information Status Emulator Status M68000 Running user program Trace Status Emulation trace complete Arm ignored Trigger in memory Arm to trigger States 512 512 1 510 Sequence term 2 Occurrence left 1 STATUS M68000 Running user program Emulation trace complete______ R display status run tr...

Page 71: ...are Performance Measurement Tool SPMT is a feature of the Softkey Interface that allows you to make software performance measurements on your programs The SPMT post processes information from the analyzer trace list When you end a performance measurement the SPMT dumps the post processed information to a binary file which is then read using the perf32 report generator utility Two types of software...

Page 72: ...sults in multiple write operations to the stack area outside the range The memory activity measurement will count only the stack push opcode cycle However the program activitymeasurement will count the stack push opcode cycle and the write operations to the stack By comparing the program activity and the memory activity in an address range you can get an idea of how much activity in other areas is...

Page 73: ... 20 Sdv 31 87 Time Percent Rel 28 09 Abs 28 09 Program Activity State Percent Rel 0 18 Abs 0 18 Mean 0 90 Sdv 0 88 Time Percent Rel 0 16 Abs 0 16 stack Address Range 40000H thru 43FFFH Memory Activity State Percent Rel 11 72 Abs 11 72 Mean 60 00 Sdv 29 24 Time Percent Rel 10 94 Abs 10 94 Program Activity State Percent Rel 0 00 Abs 0 00 Mean 0 00 Sdv 0 00 Time Percent Rel 0 00 Abs 0 00 Graph of Mem...

Page 74: ... Activity relative time percents 1 prog 99 84 Summary Information for 10 traces Memory Activity State count Relative count 5120 Mean sample 170 67 Mean Standard Dv 29 30 95 Confidence 12 28 Error tolerance Time count Relative Time Us 2221 20 Program Activity State count Relative count 5120 Mean sample 170 67 Mean Standard Dv 0 58 95 Confidence 0 24 Error tolerance Time count Relative Time Us 2221 ...

Page 75: ...ollowing paragraphs Setting Up the Trace Command Before you initialize and run performance measurements the current trace command in other words the last trace command entered must be properly set up In general you want to give the SPMT as many trace states as possible to post process so you should increase the trace depth to the maximum number as shown in the following command display trace depth...

Page 76: ...try or exit points For example trace after symbol_entry or symbol_exit only symbol_entry or symbol_exit counting time RETURN Or trace after module_name start or module_name end only module_name start or module_name end counting time RETURN Where symbol_entry and symbol_exit are symbols from the user program Or where module_name is the name of a C function or Pascal procedure and is listed as a pro...

Page 77: ...file and entering the file name in the performance_measurement_initialize command The formats for the address range file activity measurements and time range file duration measurements are described below Address Range File Format Address range files may contain program symbols procedure name or static user defined address ranges and comments An example address range file is shown below Any line w...

Page 78: ...on Measurements Activity measurements are selected when the performance_measurement_initialize command is entered with no options with just a file name or with the global or local symbol options You must enter one of the following commands to select a duration measurement performance_measurement_initialize duration RETURN performance_measurement_initialize FILE duration RETURN When no user defined...

Page 79: ...e name the symbols associated with that source file become the address ranges for which activity is measured If the symbols database is not loaded an error message will occur telling you that the source filename symbol was not found You can also use the local_symbols_in option with procedure symbols this allows you to measure activity related to the symbols defined in a single function or procedur...

Page 80: ...ata is dumped to the binary perf out file in the current directory The perf32 report generator utility is used to read the binary information in the perf out file If the performance_measurement_run command is entered without a count the current trace data is processed If a count is specified the current trace command is executed consecutively the number of times specified The data that results fro...

Page 81: ...ibed in the following section must be used to read the contents of the perf out file Using the perf32 Report Generator The perf32 report generator utility must be used to read the information in the perf out file and other files dumped by the SPMT in other words renamed perf out files The perf32 utility is run from the HP UX shell You can fork a shell while in the Softkey Interface and run perf32 ...

Page 82: ...ts Interpreting Reports of Activity Measurements Activity measurements are measurements of the number of accesses reads or writes within an address range The reports generated for activity measurements show you the percentage of analyzer trace states that are in the specified address range as well as the percentage of time taken by those states The performance measurement must include four traces ...

Page 83: ...andard Deviation Deviation from the mean of state count The following equation is used to calculate standard deviation Where N Number of traces in the measurement mean Average number of states in the range per trace Ssumq Sum of squares of states in the range per trace Symbols Within Range Names of other symbols that identify addresses or ranges of addresses within the range of this symbol Additio...

Page 84: ...the total number of states associated with the address ranges in the performance measurement Relative time is the total amount of time associated with the address ranges in the performance measurement The absolute counts are the number of states or amount of time associated with all the states in all the traces Error Tolerance and Confidence Level An approximate error may exist in displayed inform...

Page 85: ...e measurements record execution times that fall within a set of specified time ranges The information you will see in duration measurement reports is described below Number of Intervals Number of from address and to address pairs after prefetch correction Maximum Time The greatest amount of time between the from address to the to address Minimum Time The shortest amount of time between the from ad...

Page 86: ...or tolerance gives an indication of the stability of the information For example if the error is 5 for a confidence level of 95 then you can be 95 confident that the information has an error of 5 or less The Student s T distribution is used in these calculations because it improves the accuracy for small samples As the size of the sample increases the Student s T distribution approaches the normal...

Page 87: ...is program is used in examples in this chapter to illustrate the SPMT A diagram of the function calls in the demo program is shown in figure 4 2 Refer to your compiler documentation for information on compiling the demo program and to your Emulator Softkey Interface User s Guide for information on configuring the emulator and loading and executing programs Generally you perform the following steps...

Page 88: ...tialze input_line clear_buffer parse_command get_next_token move_byte lookup_token scan_string scan_number apply_controller syntax_check semantic_check report_errors stack_library apply_productions report_result math_library calculate_answer format_result endcommand outputline Figure 4 2 Demo Program Function Calls 4 18 Performance Measurements ...

Page 89: ...g and loading for other HP 64700 Series emulators Copying the Demo Program The demo program can be copied with the following command cp usr hp64000 demo emul hp64742 spmt_demo c spmt_demo c RETURN Compiling the Demo Program The absolute file used to generate the SPMT examples shown later in this chapter was generated with the following HP 64902 68000 C Cross Compiler command cc68000 hvOGNr hp64742...

Page 90: ...pecified in your PATH environment variable you can enter the Softkey Interface with the following command emul700 emul_name RETURN The emul_name in the command above is the logical emulator name given in the HP 64700 emulator device table usr hp64000 etc 64700tab Configuring the Emulator Once you have entered the emulation system you can load the default emulator configuration copied and modified ...

Page 91: ...nd scan_number scan_string semantic_check stack_library syntax_check Since these labels are program symbols you do not have to specify the address range associated with each label the SPMT will search the symbol database for the addresses of each label An easy way to create the addr_ranges file is to use the copy global_symbols command to copy the global symbols to a file named addr_ranges then fo...

Page 92: ...the following command to cause the processed trace information to be dumped to the perf out file performance_measurement_end RETURN Now to generate a report from the perf out file type the following on the command line to fork a shell and run the perf32 utility perf32 more Information similar to the listing in figure 4 3 is scrolled onto your display 4 22 Performance Measurements ...

Page 93: ...rcent Rel 11 16 Abs 11 13 Mean 57 00 Sdv 59 68 Time Percent Rel 11 89 Abs 11 86 scan_string Address Range B5CH thru B98H Memory Activity State Percent Rel 10 54 Abs 6 05 Mean 31 00 Sdv 72 87 Time Percent Rel 10 22 Abs 6 19 Program Activity State Percent Rel 9 83 Abs 9 80 Mean 50 20 Sdv 117 57 Time Percent Rel 9 67 Abs 9 65 move_byte Address Range B1EH thru B5AH Memory Activity State Percent Rel 9 ...

Page 94: ... Abs 3 20 Mean 16 40 Sdv 73 34 Time Percent Rel 3 22 Abs 3 22 syntax_check Address Range DA8H thru DF4H Memory Activity State Percent Rel 3 37 Abs 1 93 Mean 9 90 Sdv 44 04 Time Percent Rel 3 36 Abs 2 03 Program Activity State Percent Rel 3 17 Abs 3 16 Mean 16 20 Sdv 71 75 Time Percent Rel 3 18 Abs 3 17 report_errors Address Range BD8H thru C14H Memory Activity State Percent Rel 2 45 Abs 1 41 Mean ...

Page 95: ... Abs 1 76 Mean 9 00 Sdv 38 63 Time Percent Rel 1 81 Abs 1 80 apply_controlle Address Range FF0H thru 1072H Memory Activity State Percent Rel 1 80 Abs 1 04 Mean 5 30 Sdv 7 73 Time Percent Rel 1 95 Abs 1 18 Program Activity State Percent Rel 1 16 Abs 1 15 Mean 5 90 Sdv 8 52 Time Percent Rel 1 32 Abs 1 32 request_command Address Range 10E6H thru 1132H Memory Activity State Percent Rel 0 61 Abs 0 35 M...

Page 96: ...bs 0 42 Mean 2 15 Sdv 6 02 Time Percent Rel 0 41 Abs 0 41 calculate_answe Address Range 1074H thru 10E4H Memory Activity State Percent Rel 0 31 Abs 0 18 Mean 0 90 Sdv 4 02 Time Percent Rel 0 31 Abs 0 19 Program Activity State Percent Rel 0 27 Abs 0 27 Mean 1 40 Sdv 6 26 Time Percent Rel 0 28 Abs 0 28 report_result Address Range 119AH thru 11ECH Memory Activity State Percent Rel 0 31 Abs 0 18 Mean ...

Page 97: ...0 14 Abs 0 14 Mean 0 70 Sdv 3 13 Time Percent Rel 0 13 Abs 0 13 scan_number Address Range B9AH thru BD6H Memory Activity State Percent Rel 0 03 Abs 0 02 Mean 0 10 Sdv 0 31 Time Percent Rel 0 03 Abs 0 02 Program Activity State Percent Rel 0 07 Abs 0 07 Mean 0 35 Sdv 0 93 Time Percent Rel 0 06 Abs 0 06 clear_buffer Address Range CF4H thru D40H Memory Activity State Percent Rel 0 02 Abs 0 01 Mean 0 0...

Page 98: ...an 0 00 Sdv 0 00 Time Percent Rel 0 00 Abs 0 00 Graph of Memory Activity relative state percents 1 math_library 41 31 apply_productio 13 20 scan_string 10 54 move_byte 9 13 stack_library 8 45 initialze 3 40 syntax_check 3 37 report_errors 2 45 lookup_token 2 07 semantic_check 1 99 apply_controlle 1 80 Graph of Memory Activity relative time percents 1 math_library 41 28 apply_productio 14 03 scan_s...

Page 99: ...3 22 syntax_check 3 18 report_errors 2 30 lookup_token 1 66 semantic_check 1 81 apply_controlle 1 32 Summary Information for 20 traces Memory Activity State count Relative count 5880 Mean sample 13 36 Mean Standard Dv 23 03 95 Confidence 80 71 Error tolerance Time count Relative Time Us 2682 00 Program Activity State count Relative count 10216 Mean sample 23 22 Mean Standard Dv 38 59 95 Confidence...

Page 100: ...race memory the entry address and the exit address Prefetches or recursion can place several entry addresses before the first exit address and or several exit addresses before the first entry address Duration measurements are made between the last entry address in a series of entry addresses and the last exit address in a series of exit addresses see figure 4 4 All of the entry and exit addresses ...

Page 101: ...still affect the accuracy of your measurements The prefetch correction has the following consequences Prefetches are ignored They do not affect the accuracy of the measurement in process When measuring a recursive function module duration will be measured between the last recursive call and the true end of the recursive execution This will affect the accuracy of the measurement If a module is ente...

Page 102: ... the end address of the math_library function Since the trigger state is also stored the analyzer is set up to trigger on the entry or exit address of the math_library function With these states in memory the analyzer will derive two measurements time from start to end of math_library and time from end to start of math_library Enter the following command to initialize the duration measurement perf...

Page 103: ...o the listing in figure 4 5 is scrolled onto your display Two sets of information are given in the duration measurement report module duration and module usage The first set is the module duration measurement You can tell because the from address is lower than the to address The module duration report in figure 4 5 shows that the average amount of time it takes for the math_library module to execu...

Page 104: ...00 21 us 40 us 17 92 41 us 60 us 16 84 61 us 80 us 10 13 81 us 100 us 10 08 101 us 120 us 16 09 121 us 140 us 10 65 141 us 160 us 3 42 161 us 180 us 3 42 181 us 200 us 0 00 201 us 5 ms 0 00 From Address CA6 File users guest dir68k spmt_demo c Symbolic Reference at math_library 52 To Address C54 File users guest dir68k spmt_demo c Symbolic Reference at math_library 0 Number of intervals 2132 Maximu...

Page 105: ...40 us 0 00 41 us 60 us 0 00 61 us 80 us 0 00 81 us 100 us 0 00 101 us 120 us 0 00 121 us 140 us 0 00 141 us 160 us 0 00 161 us 180 us 0 00 181 us 200 us 0 00 201 us 5 ms 1 13 Figure 4 5 Example Duration Measurement Cont d Performance Measurements 4 35 ...

Page 106: ...1 Notes 4 36 Performance Measurements ...

Page 107: ...ernal analyzer you can define up to eight labels for the 16 external data channels in the configuration These external analyzer labels can be used in trace commands and the data associated with these labels can be displayed in the trace list One external analyzer label xbits is defined by the default configuration and is included in the default trace list 1 Before You Can Use the External Analyzer...

Page 108: ...one way Align the key of the ribbon cable connector with the slot in the 18 wire connector and firmly press the connectors together see figure 5 1 Each of the 18 probe wires has a signal and a ground connection Each probe wire is labeled for easy identification Thirty six grabbers are provided for the signal and ground connections of each of the 18 probe wires The signal and ground connections are...

Page 109: ...ont upper right corner of the emulator Remove the snap on cover by pressing the side tabs toward the center of the cover then pull the cover out see figure 5 3 Caution Check for bent connector pins before connecting the analyzer probe to the emulator Figure 5 2 Attaching Grabbers to Probe Wires Using the External Analyzer 5 3 ...

Page 110: ...the emulator in only one way Align the key of the ribbon cable connector with the slot in the emulator connector and gently press the ribbon cable connector into the emulator connector see figure 5 4 Figure 5 3 Removing Cover to Emulator Connector 5 4 Using the External Analyzer ...

Page 111: ... system The probe grabbers are difficult to handle with precision and it is extremely easy to short the pins of a chip or other connectors which are close together with the probe wire while trying to connect it Figure 5 4 Connecting the Probe to the Emulator Using the External Analyzer 5 5 ...

Page 112: ... the hilt of the grabber towards the back of the grabber handle to uncover the wire hook When the wire hook is around the desired pin or connector release the hilt to allow the tension of the grabber spring to hold the connection see figure 5 5 Figure 5 5 Connecting the Probe to the Target System 5 6 Using the External Analyzer ...

Page 113: ... Specify the slave clock mode only if the state external analyzer mode is selected Define external analyzer labels The default configuration specifies that the external analyzer is aligned with the emulation analyzer TTL level threshold voltages are defined as well as an external label named xbits which contains all 16 channels To modify the external analyzer configuration enter the following comm...

Page 114: ...ivided into two groups the lower byte channels 0 through 7 and the J clock and the upper byte channels 8 through 15 and the K clock You can specify a threshold voltage for each of these groups with the configuration questions shown below Threshold voltage for bits 0 7 and J clock TTL Threshold voltage for bits 8 15 and K clock TTL The default threshold voltages are specified as TTL which translate...

Page 115: ... bits are not available for use from the emulation interface You can however use pod commands to control the external state analyzer in its independent mode timing Selects the timing mode of the external analyzer The external bits are not available for use from the emulation interface Because the pod commands for the timing analyzer dump information in binary format you will need to use Timing Ana...

Page 116: ...ed into the analyzer when the emulation clock is received see figure 5 6 If no slave clock has appeared since the last master clock the data on the lower 8 bits of the pod will be latched at the same time as the upper 8 bits If more than one slave clock has appeared since the last master clock only the first slave data will be available to the analyzer see figure 5 7 Figure 5 6 Mixed Clock Demulti...

Page 117: ...in The latched bits show up as bits 0 7 in the trace data and the second sample shows up as bits 8 15 see figure 5 8 If no slave clock has appeared since the last master clock the data on the lower 8 bits of the pod will be the same as the upper 8 bits If more than one slave clock has appeared since the last master clock only the first slave data will be available to the analyzer Figure 5 7 Slave ...

Page 118: ...Figure 5 8 True Demultiplexing 5 12 Using the External Analyzer ...

Page 119: ...s allow you to define external labels Note The Timing Analyzer Softkey Interface does not use then external labels from the configuration You maintain labels for the timing analyzer software within the Timing Analyzer Softkey Interface itself First external label name First external label start bit First external label width External labels can be defined with bits in the range of 0 through 15 The...

Page 120: ...or timing options for the external analyzer mode you can configure the analyzer to trigger the external analyzer This ensures that traces are returned only when the analyzer is running To configure the analyzer for interactive measurements enter modify configuration RETURN in the emulator Softkey Interface Now press the RETURN key until you see the question Modify Interactive Measurement Specifica...

Page 121: ... it finds its trigger condition This allows you to coordinate timing measurements with the occurrence of a specific analyzer state Interactive Measurement Specification BNC BNC CMBT CMBT Trig1 Trig2 Emulator Emulator Analyzer Analyzer External Analyzer NOTES 1 The connections marked are set up here in configuration 2 drive receive The display won t change however 3 The External Analyzer question i...

Page 122: ...tem defined file or in a user file of your choice The system defined file is usr hp64000 inst emul product_number userconfig EA where product_number is the Hewlett Packard product number such as 64742A for the HP 64742A Motorola 68000 Emulator The user defined file can be any file name you specify If a system defined file name is used the emulator will used that configuration as the default when i...

Page 123: ...he Timing Analyzer The Timing Analyzer Softkey Interface features include 16 Channels at up to 100 MHz Standard or glitch capture modes Trace memory holding 1010 samples 505 samples in glitch capture mode Trigger when signals on the external probe match a specified pattern for greater than or less than a specified duration Edge and glitch qualifiers may be included in the trigger specification Tri...

Page 124: ...port of screen dumps to graphics printers for printing waveform displays Support for cross triggering between the analyzer and the external analyzer 1 Measurement Modes You can use the external timing analyzer in either of two modes standard data acquisition or glitch capture data and glitch acquisition Standard Mode In the standard mode the timing analyzer samples data on the external analyzer pr...

Page 125: ...mple A glitch is detected when there are two or more transitions on a signal between samples The storing of glitch information reduces the number of samples that can be stored to 505 and the maximum sample rate is 50 MHz 20 ns intervals See figure 6 2 Figure 6 1 Standard Data Acquisition Mode Timing Introduction 6 3 ...

Page 126: ...of time The Format Specification The format specification defines the labels which are to be associated with the probe signals along with the logical polarity of the signal The format specification also defines the threshold values to be used during the capture of trace memory The Post Process Specification The post processing specification defines the analysis to be done on each set of sampled da...

Page 127: ... the pertinent trace memory data is shown In addition marks can be added to the diagram to highlight events in trace memory The Trace List The trace list displays the trace memory contents in list format The trace memory data can be displayed in binary octal decimal and hexadecimal formats along with a time tag which indicates when the samples were captured in relationship to the trigger The trace...

Page 128: ...1 Notes 6 6 Timing Introduction ...

Page 129: ...he Timing Analyzer Softkey Interface Before you can use the external timing analyzer you must have already completed the following tasks Verified that the emulator contains an external analyzer Installed the Timing Analyzer Softkey Interface software Assembled the analyzer probe and connected the analyzer probe grabbers to points which have signals of interest refer to Using the External Analyzer ...

Page 130: ...he configuration If you have not already modified the configuration for the external analyzer you should do so here Refer to chapter 5 Using the External Analyzer for information on configuring the external analyzer After the configuration for external timing has been loaded exit out of the interface locked and then enter the Timing Analyzer Softkey Interface with the following command emul700 u s...

Page 131: ...ber to turn off the power to the target system before connecting the probe grabbers 4 Determine the trigger point upon which you are desiring to trigger To trigger on My_label being logically true enter the commands display trace_specification RETURN trigger on pattern My_label 1 RETURN 5 Match the sampling rate of the analyzer to about 10 times the rate of your system clock Higher rates for more ...

Page 132: ...e CTRL F and CTRL G along with PREV and NEXT to roll the timing diagram 9 Magnify the diagram to see more detail magnify x10 RETURN 10 Mark two points on the diagram to measure the time between them mark x RETURN Move the cursor mark o on_cursor RETURN Move cursor to examine time interval between mark_x and mark_o 7 4 Timing Getting Started ...

Page 133: ...B b Binary example 10010110b Q q O o Octal example 377o or 377q D d default Decimal example 2048d or 2048 H h Hexadecimal example 0a7fh You must precede any hexadecimal number that begins with an A B C D E or F with a zero Don t care digits may be included in binary octal or hexadecimal numbers and they are represented by the letters X or x A zero must precede any numerical value that begins with ...

Page 134: ...1 Notes 7 6 Timing Getting Started ...

Page 135: ...chapter describe how to Move around the analyzer interface Reference analyzer signals Select measurement options Specify the trigger condition Start and stop a trace Use the timing diagram Use the trace list Analyze trace memory Compare current and store measurements Copy analyzer data End a session Timing Using the Analyzer 8 1 ...

Page 136: ...use the display command to change from one screen to the other The display command has the following options Trace Specification which controls the data acquisition mode trigger condition definition and sample rate Format Specification which controls the probe including the definition of labels that refer to probe signals Post Process Specification which defines procedures to be executed after eac...

Page 137: ...ed to refer to all of the probe signals 0 through 15 Threshold voltage levels can be specified for each group separately or for both by specifying the xbits group TTL threshold voltage levels are specified by default You use the threshold command to change the threshold voltage specification After you select the group for which you will be specifying the threshold voltage the following options are...

Page 138: ...vidually or in groups You can use the three default labels or define new ones Any label can be modified deleted or renamed Defining Labels The define command allows you to label the analyzer probe signals Each label refers to one or more probe signals Once a label is defined you can then use this label name when specifying patterns edges or glitches on data signals Label names can be up to eight c...

Page 139: ... define a particular label Once the definition is returned to the command line you can use the command line editing features to modify the label definition Deleting Labels The delete command can be used to delete all labels or individual labels that are not used in any other specification The command delete X_upper RETURN deletes the default label X_upper from the format specification Renaming Lab...

Page 140: ...standard Glitch Capture Mode The glitch capture mode is used to detect and display multiple signal transitions between data samples If more than one transition is detected between samples the information is stored in a portion of trace memory reserved for glitch information and is displayed on the screen A glitch is displayed as a broken vertical bar or a series of broken vertical bars depending o...

Page 141: ...specifying a trigger condition The trigger condition is the combined specifications of all labels that is the pattern edge or glitch specifications for each label ORed together to form the complete specification for the 16 external data signals The trigger command is part of the trace specification Trigger on Anything The default condition is to trigger on any activity on the probe signals The com...

Page 142: ...ttern Duration below Trigger on Pattern Duration You can specify as part of the trigger condition a pattern duration The duration specifies that a pattern will exceed greater_than or not exceed less_than the amount of time specified in order for the trigger condition to be met If the pattern is valid but the duration is not met there is a 20 ns reset time before looking for a pattern again Greater...

Page 143: ...ommand trigger on any_glitch RETURN sets the analyzer to only trigger if a glitch is found on any signal Qualifying Patterns When you specify this trigger on option the trigger is further qualified by a selected change in another signal or set of signals The change can be a positive_edge a negative_edge or any edge condition positive_or_negative_edge on a specific bit or bits In glitch capture mod...

Page 144: ...ce the trigger at the center of the trace The command trigger position_is start_of_trace RETURN positions the trigger at the start of the trace so that most of trace memory is available to store data samples after the trigger Modifying the Trigger Condition A trigger condition can be changed by entering a new condition or by using the trigger modify RETURN command to return the trigger condition t...

Page 145: ... repetitively command to acquire data for statistical analysis The analyzer software continuously acquires traces until one of four condition are met The execution is stopped by a halt command The execution is stopped by a post process halt_repetitive_execution condition being met A total of 9999 trace runs have been completed The system is stopped The command execute repetitively RETURN starts a ...

Page 146: ...ou are currently displaying the trace list when you start a timing trace execute the timing diagram is automatically displayed Timing Diagram Organization The organization of the timing diagram is shown in figure 8 1 signal labels waveform mode sample period memory reference reference points mark locations statistical summary Figure 8 1 Timing Diagram Organization 8 12 Timing Using the Analyzer ...

Page 147: ... waveform can be set to small medium or large Mode The mode for the current trace is displayed here Sample Period The sample period for the current trace is displayed here Mark Locations The locations of the cursor mark_x and mark_o are displayed here The number displayed is the relative sample number in trace memory Statistical Summary The statistical summary displays the currently selected infor...

Page 148: ...e portion of trace memory currently in the waveform display is depict with a caret Any portion of memory not in the display is depicted with a dash Reference points not currently in the waveform display are labeled in the memory reference line The current magnification is displayed to the right of the memory reference line Presenting Signals By default the timing diagram presents all of the define...

Page 149: ... it is used primarily to identify a particular event on the waveform The cursor can be directly moved in three ways using control keys using the CURSOR softkey toggle or entering the trace memory sample number The control keys CTRL F and CTRL G move the cursor to the right and left respectively without effecting command line editing The incremental shift using this method is relatively large If yo...

Page 150: ...ent cursor position by enabling that feature The command indicate levels_at_cursor on RETURN enables the display of signals levels at the cursor The levels are indicated to the right of the labels Magnifying the Diagram The default magnification of the trace memory data is x4 With this magnification a standard mode sample fills the waveform A higher magnification indicates that more detail is disp...

Page 151: ...left earlier in trace memory and Next move the display area to the right later in trace memory If the timing diagram cannot display all of the signals on one screen you can scroll the display area up and down The uparrow and the v downarrow keys scroll the display up and down one signal for each keystroke The Shift Shift uparrow and Shift v Shift downarrow keys move the display up and down one scr...

Page 152: ...usec Runs 0 Mean 0 0 nsec Stdv 0 0 nsec Label X_upper X_lower XBITS time count Base bin bin bin abs 0003 __01111111 10111110 0111111110111110 30 0 nsec __ 0002 01111111 10111110 0111111110111110 20 0 nsec 0001 01111111 10111110 0111111110111110 10 0 nsec trigg_x 01111111 10111110 0111111110111110 0 0 nsec 0001 01111111 10111110 0111111110111110 10 0 nsec 0002 01111111 10111111 0111111110111111 20 ...

Page 153: ...race memory data samples time count mark names and compare file memory samples Memory samples are displayed by label name and can be presented in binary octal decimal or hexadecimal formats The time count can be displayed as absolute the accumulated time before or since the trigger or relative the amount of time since the last sample Displaying Trace Data As with the timing diagram you have contro...

Page 154: ...g the Cursor The cursor is an arbitrary reference point Like the timing diagram it is used primarily to identify a particular event in trace memory The cursor can be directly moved using cursor movement keys or entering the trace memory sample number The cursor can be moved by using the uparrow or v downarrow keys to move the cursor up and down through the trace samples The cursor can also be posi...

Page 155: ...sample at the bottom of the screen has the same effect as Shift v 1 Analyzing Trace Memory Trace memory can be analyzed interactively that is by commands entered at the command line or automatically by using post processing definitions The find command is an interactive command while the mark and process_for_data commands work both interactively and in post processing All of these commands work fo...

Page 156: ...for the pattern specified Note The trigger command does not have a corresponding entering function It simply matches the pattern specified The command find entering X_lower 2 1 all RETURN is has the same effect as the last search but starts from the beginning of trace memory instead of at the cursor You can also look for any change on a signal The command find any_transition on X_lower 2 1 thru en...

Page 157: ... of signals and labels as well as ranges can be specified You can also search for marked events both single occurrence mark_x and mark_o and multiple occurrence abcd marks Marking Events The find command locates events in trace memory for interactive analysis The Timing Analyzer Softkey Interface has the added feature of assigning identifiers marks to events Marks can be assigned from the command ...

Page 158: ...ter mark_x RETURN places mark_o on the first occurrence after the mark_x point of bit 2 of X_lower being high The mark_x and mark_o points locate and determine specific intervals The multiple occurrence marks abcd mark all occurrences of the specified event A range can be used to limit the marking process The marks can be used to count events and are an effective means of performing statistical an...

Page 159: ...low to high transition on bit 2 of X_lower The amount of time represented by the ten samples is dependent on the sample rate Therefore if the sample period is 10 nanoseconds the samples displayed will be 100 nanoseconds after the positive transition Determining Intervals Both the timing diagram and the trace list display the time interval between the mark_x and mark_o points Therefore the simplest...

Page 160: ...and mark_o points are totaled included as a statistical sample The type of statistical analysis can be specified on either the timing diagram or trace list screen The commands display timing_diagram RETURN indicate time_interval_x_o mean_and_standard_deviation RETURN specifies interval statistics calculating the mean and standard deviation for the samples collected You can disable the calculation ...

Page 161: ...Timing Analyzer Mon Jun 19 14 47 05 1989 Time x_o 1 66 usec x 54 o 112 Runs 1 Mon Jun 19 14 47 20 1989 Max 1 66 usec Min 1 66 usec Mean 1 66 usec Stdv 0 0 nsec Time x_o 5 77 usec x 54 o 523 Runs 2 Mon Jun 19 14 47 30 1989 Max 5 77 usec Min 1 66 usec Mean 3 71 usec Stdv 2 91 usec Time x_o 7 82 usec x 54 o 728 Runs 3 Mon Jun 19 14 47 40 1989 Max 7 82 usec Min 1 66 usec Mean 5 08 usec Stdv 3 14 usec ...

Page 162: ...t contains specification information along with the current trace memory data The file is write protected so that you cannot write to the file with a subsequent configuration save_in command Selecting a Compare File In order to compare current trace data with previously stored trace data you must first select a compare file The command compare file_is COMPARE RETURN from the post processing specif...

Page 163: ... or the trace list If a compare file has been selected the compare Softkey label appears in place of the COMPAR Softkey label This Softkey allow you to select one of the external compare file labels The command present compare_file X_lower then X_lower RETURN on the timing diagram will present the probe signals 0 through 7 from the store data and then the current trace data The display will look l...

Page 164: ...rinter The default specifications will look like 64700 Timing Analyzer Tue Jun 16 09 13 31 1989 Trace Specification Timing 64700 16 channels 100MHz STANDARD MODE TRIGGER on anything position_is start_of_trace SAMPLE period_is 10 nsec rate_is 100 MHz Format Specification Timing 64700 16 channels 100MHz STANDARD MODE Xbits_upper Xbits_lower Threshold ttl 1 40V ttl 1 40V Label 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7...

Page 165: ...with devices or programs capable of handling that format These commands only work on the HP 9000 Series 300 400 computer If you are using an HP 9000 Series 700 or Sun SPARCsystem computer running the X Window System you can use the UNIX xwd and xpr commands to print the contents of the timing analyzer window The copy trace_list command allows you to print the entire listing or to choose a range of...

Page 166: ...f more than process is using the same analyzer There are four options when ending a timing analysis session exiting and releasing the emulator analyzer session exiting with the intent of continuing but not effecting other users exiting with the intent of continuing and blocking access to the emulator analyzer and exiting and selecting another measurement system The latter option is available only ...

Page 167: ...later and block other users access to the analyzer by using the command end locked RETURN which ends the current session preserves the configuration status and ends other users sessions You can then reexecute the Timing Analysis Softkey Interface later assuring that you return to the system as you left it Selecting the Measurement System or Another Module In the pmon or MEAS_SYS environment if you...

Page 168: ...1 Notes 8 34 Timing Using the Analyzer ...

Page 169: ...oftkeys provide for quick command entry and minimize the possibility of errors Command Completion You can type the first few characters of a command enough to uniquely identify the command and then press Tab The Softkey Interface completes the command word for you Command Word Selection If you have entered a command but want to make a change or correction you can press the Tab key to position the ...

Page 170: ... one command at a time on the command line by separating the commands with a semicolon Change Directory You can change your working directory while in emulation using the cd command This command does not appear on the softkey labels Filters and Pipes You can specify HP UX filters and pipes as the destination for information while using the copy command See the description of the copy command in th...

Page 171: ...ined below Oval shaped Symbols Oval shaped symbols indicate options available on the softkeys and other commands that are available but do not appear on softkeys such as log_commands and wait These appear in the syntax diagrams as Rectangular shaped Symbols Rectangular shaped symbols contain prompts or references to other syntax diagrams Prompts are enclosed with angle brackets and References to o...

Page 172: ...1 activity_test cd1 compare configuration copy CURSOR default define delete diagram1 2 display end execute find format1 2 halt halt_repetitive_execution help1 indicate list1 2 log_commands1 magnify mark mode_is modify pod1 2 pod_command post1 2 present timing_diagram present trace_list process_for_data rename ROLL sample statistics threshold trace1 2 trigger wait1 waveform_size 1 These commands ar...

Page 173: ...lt halt_repetitive_execution indicate magnify mark mode_is modify pod_command present process_for_data rename ROLL sample statistics threshold trigger waveform_size x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Table 9 2 Command Assignments Timing Commands 9 5 ...

Page 174: ...n the HP 64700 Series emulators Therefore the complete timing analyzer syntax is presented here In certain cases you may want to refer to your Emulator Softkey Interface User s Guide or the HP 64700 Series Emulators Softkey Interface Reference for details about how your emulator operates 9 6 Timing Commands ...

Page 175: ..._test is currently being displayed this command turns the activity_test display off The activity line appears at the top of the label list Default Values Probe signal activity is not displayed If you display another screen the activity_test is set to its default value toggled off Parameters none Examples display format_specification RETURN activity_test RETURN Related Commands none Timing Commands...

Page 176: ...1 compare This command specifies a post processing compare definition Syntax 9 8 Timing Commands ...

Page 177: ...ts you to enter the literal which if used indicates that a specific bit number will be designated file_is This option allows you to select a compare file compare file for compare and display refer to present Compare files are configuration files saved using the with_data option FILE This prompts you to enter the name of the compare file from This option specifies the trace memory location point fr...

Page 178: ...compare file or to select a compare file label from one of the softkeys modify This option returns the current compare command to the command line for editing off This option defaults the comparison definition rewritten_with_ current_ measurement This option allows you to rewrite the current trace measurements to the currently selected compare file to_compare_file This option allows you to compare...

Page 179: ...Examples display post_process_specification RETURN compare file_is FIRST_TRACE RETURN Related Commands configuration present Timing Commands 9 11 ...

Page 180: ...mpare file Default Values none Parameters load_from This option allows you to specify a configuration file to load The saved configuration specifications are retrieved and reset the current specifications save_in This option allows you to specify a file for saving the current specification settings FILE This prompts you for a file name A trace TR file is created with_data This parameter specifies ...

Page 181: ... use with the compare command write_protect This parameter sets the write protect variable in the file descriptor Examples configuration save_in FIRST_TRACE with_data RETURN Related Commands compare Timing Commands 9 13 ...

Page 182: ...1 copy This command copies specifications displays or measurement data to selected output Syntax 9 14 Timing Commands ...

Page 183: ...This option copies only the format specification information to the selected output measurement_data_ in_hex This option copies the captured timing measurement data to the selected output in hexadecimal form This allows for other analysis of the raw data The format for this information is described in appendix B later in this manual noappend This parameter forces the overwrite of a file s informat...

Page 184: ...opies the trace list to the selected output This option is available in all display forms except trace_specification format_specification and timing_diagram all This parameter specifies that all of the trace memory data will be copied thru This parameter selects a range in trace memory for the copy The first point is the cursor position The second point is a selected parameter trigger This paramet...

Page 185: ...en option that copies the help files to the selected output FILE This prompts you for a file name to contain the output information printer The option selects the printer as output If text output is being generated the output is piped to the program in the PRINTER environment variable If the output is graphics the GPRINTER environment variable is used See Timing Output and Diagrams in appendix B l...

Page 186: ...the selection of a destination for the specified data Examples copy measurement_data_in_hex to HEXDUMP RETURN copy display to printer RETURN copy all_specifications to specfile RETURN Related Commands none 9 18 Timing Commands ...

Page 187: ... softkey appears with an asterisk CURSOR you can move the cursor in the timing diagram display with the right and left arrow The sample number of the cursor position is shown on the right of the display This command is only available from the softkeys Default Values The right and left arrow keys are set up for command line editing Parameters None Examples display timing_diagram RETURN CURSOR RETUR...

Page 188: ...ues none Parameters all_specifications This option sets the trace format and post process specifications to their default values post_process_ specification This option sets the post process specification to its default values trace_specification This option sets the trace specification to its default values Examples default all_specifications RETURN Related Commands configuration 9 20 Timing Comm...

Page 189: ...probe signals to the label Logic polarity can also be designated An existing label definition can be modified using this command Default Values The default polarity is positive true Parameters LABELN This represents the prompt LABEL for a new label The label name is entered in the command line Labels can be up to eight characters long and must begin with a letter Timing Commands 9 21 ...

Page 190: ...d This parameter allows the logical and of the previously selected signals with those to follow logic_polarity This parameter is used to set the sense of a 1 as more positive or more negative than the probe threshold voltage This allows trigger definitions to be made in terms of 1s and 0s independent of the voltage sense of the lines being measured The trace list values will reflect these definiti...

Page 191: ...define DATA xbits 8 width 8 RETURN Related Commands delete rename threshold Timing Commands 9 23 ...

Page 192: ...l has been reference in the timing diagram or trace list it is automatically removed from the display Default Values none Parameters all_labels This option deletes all of the defined labels It is normally used to clear the default labels before defining new ones LABEL This prompts you to enter the name of the label to delete or to select one from a soktkey Examples delete X_lower RETURN Related Co...

Page 193: ...llows you to enter timing_diagram specific commands without the necessity of using display to change specification modes Default Values none Parameters Any of the available timing diagram commands Note Some of the timing diagram softkeys are not activated from this command Examples diagram mark x on_trigger RETURN Related Commands format list pod post trace Timing Commands 9 25 ...

Page 194: ...og Entering any of the words trace format pod post diagram and list will allow the commands from that specification or output screen to be accessible As an example from the timing diagram display you can change the mode by entering trace mode_is standard Default Values The default screen is the trace specification Parameters trace_specification This option selects the trace specification where you...

Page 195: ...trace list where you can observe the measurement data in a columnar report format pod_commands This option select the pod commansd screen where you can enter native pod commands and display text from the analyzer firmware err_log This option selects the error log screen which displays a roster of command errors The information displayed includes time the erroneous command line and the text of the ...

Page 196: ... when ending the analyzer You can also release the system when ending the session so that others may access and use the analyzer The options available for the end command depend upon how this emulation session was started emul700 This command allows you to start multiple instances of the interface controlling the same emulator analyzer from one or more windows and or terminals You can end just one...

Page 197: ...analyzer The analyzer is locked to the current user so that the session may be continued later Other instances of the user interface are not affected Parameters locked This option closes all active instances of the user interface in any combination of windows and terminals Each closed instance will return to the environment in which the Softkey Interface was entered Thus end locked is the same as ...

Page 198: ...ment system MODNAME This prompts you for the name of another module in the measurement system The analyzer ends and the named module immediately starts This option will only appear if other modules are in configured in your Measurement System The current configuration is saved so that you can return to this module later measurement_ system This measurement system option ends the analyzer and enter...

Page 199: ...e IMB if the timing analyzer is connected trigger enable trigger received etc Default Values An execute command with no parameters will start an execution of this module or if this module is connected to the IMB trigger enable trigger received etc the execution will start all modules connected to the IMB Parameters repetitively This option allows you to repetitively execute measurements This allow...

Page 200: ...Examples execute repetitively RETURN Related Commands halt halt_repetitive_execution 9 32 Timing Commands ...

Page 201: ...1 find This command finds a trigger like event in trace memory Syntax Timing Commands 9 33 ...

Page 202: ... a glitch within the range specified This option is available only in glitch_capture mode any_transition This option locates the object label labels or combination of label bits that have a transition within the range specified BIT This prompts you to enter the integer bit number DOT This prompts you to enter the literal to designate a specific bit number for a label entering This option locates t...

Page 203: ...ge mark_x This option locates and displays the mark_x event mark_o This option locates and displays the mark_o event mark_a This option locates a a marked event within the specified range mark_b This option locates a b marked event within the specified range mark_c This option locates a c marked event within the specified range mark_d This option locates a d marked event within the specified range...

Page 204: ...r you to enter a sample number Trace memory data between the cursor and the entered sample number will be searched start This parameter specifies that trace memory data between the start of memory and the cursor will be searched end This parameter specifies that trace memory data between the cursor and the end of memory will be searched TIME This prompts you to enter the amount of time a pattern s...

Page 205: ...tions or_on This option further specifies the objects referred to in the on option and This option further specifies the objects referred to in the entering leaving greater_than or less_than options Examples find entering XBITS 3 0 RETURN find mark_a thru mark_o RETURN Related Commands mark Timing Commands 9 37 ...

Page 206: ...to enter format specification specific commands without the necessity of using display to change specification modes Default Values none Parameters Any of the available format specification commands Note Some of the format_specification softkeys are not activated from this command Examples format mode_is glitch_capture RETURN Related Commands diagram list pod post trace 9 38 Timing Commands ...

Page 207: ...lt a repetitive execution Default Values The available measurement information is retrieved If trace memory was only partially filled only that information will be available for display Parameters restore_last_trace This option will restore the last completed trace This is available when using repetitive execution and is most useful when the trigger event does not happen very often Examples halt r...

Page 208: ... This post processing command terminates a repetitive execution if the conditions specified in the command are met Conditions include numbers of runs specified sequences of marks specified mark counts or when the time between mark_x and mark_o is more or less than a certain value 9 40 Timing Commands ...

Page 209: ...ed amount greater_than This parameter specifies that the count must be more than the selected value less_than This parameter specifies that the count must be less than the selected value MARKS This prompts you to enter the count of marks when_runs_equal This option specifies the halt condition to be a prescribed number of measurements This is useful when gathering statistical information RUNS This...

Page 210: ...a repetitive execution If the interval is greater_than or less_than the interval between mark_x and mark_o then execution is halted greater_than This parameter specifies the duration must be more than the selected time less_than This parameter specifies the duration must be less than the selected time TIME This prompts you to enter the amount of time for the duration nsec usec msec sec These param...

Page 211: ...es halt_repetitive_execution when_time_x_o greater_than 100 nsec RETURN halt_repetitive_execution when_sequence_x_o mark_a then mark_b then_not mark_c RETURN Related Commands execute halt Timing Commands 9 43 ...

Page 212: ...a softkey You must enter it into the command line from the keyboard A question mark may be used in place of help to access the help information Default Values none Parameters HELP_FILE This represents one of the available options on the softkey labels You can either press a softkey for the help file or type in the help file name If you are typing in the name make sure you use the complete syntax N...

Page 213: ...measurement_commands trace_specification_commands format_specification_commands post_process_specification_commands display_commands execute_commands diagram_commands list_commands configuration_commands copy_commands graphic_diagrams ascii_diagrams diagram_outputs end_commands Related Commands none Timing Commands 9 45 ...

Page 214: ...nd minimum values or the mean and standard deviation values are displayed On the timing diagram you can also set the display of signal levels at the cursor on or off Default Values The default display uses the time interval between mark_x and mark_o The signal levels at cursor are off Parameters time_interval_x_o This option specifies the mark_x to mark_o time interval is to be displayed number_of...

Page 215: ... levels_at_cursor This option selects the display of signal levels at the diagram cursor on the timing diagram The level indicator can be turned on or off on This parameter sets the level indicators for each of the displayed signals on off This parameter sets the level indicators for each of the displayed signals off Examples indicator time_interval_x_o maximum_and_minimum RETURN indicator levels_...

Page 216: ...lows you to enter trace list specific commands without the necessity of using display to change specification modes Default Values none Parameters Any of the available trace list commands Note Some of the trace list softkeys are not activated from this command Examples list process_for_data off RETURN Related Commands diagram format pod post trace 9 48 Timing Commands ...

Page 217: ... in the timing diagram display This allows you to observe the signals in greater or lesser detail It also allows you to turn the indicator bar on or off The indicator bar depicts the sample width that will be displayed after increasing the magnification by a factor of ten Default Values The default magnification is x4 with the magnify indicator on Timing Commands 9 49 ...

Page 218: ...indicator This option turns the magnify indicator on or off The indicator shows the area of the display that will appear during the next x10 level of magnification In x4 magnification the magnify indicator shows the area of the display that will appear in the x40 magnification display The indicator does not appear for magnifications over x10 on This parameter turns the indicator bar on off This pa...

Page 219: ...1 mark This command marks specified conditions in trace memory Syntax Timing Commands 9 51 ...

Page 220: ... Marks can be assigned from the command line for events in current trace memory or as a post processing function Marks specified at the command line are also store for subsequent post processing Marks can be used to Define statistical ranges Calculate time intervals Select samples for display 9 52 Timing Commands ...

Page 221: ...be displayed in the trace list Marks can also be turned off or on to facilitate processing Default Values The defaults for mark_x and mark_o are start of trace and end of trace respectively The other marks have no defaults Parameters x o a b c d Choose one of these options to select the mark to be defined or modified after This option qualifies the positioning of a mark by specifying it will be af...

Page 222: ... before certain condition BIT This prompts you to enter the label integer bit number cursor This parameter specifies the position of the mark to be before or after the trigger default This option resets the mark to its default value DOT This prompts you to enter the literal to designate a specific bit number for a label end This parameter specifies the position of the mark is to be before the end ...

Page 223: ...er mark_o mark_x This parameter specifies the position of mark_o before or after mark_x modify This option returns the current mark command to the command line for editing named This option specifies an name will be assigned to the mark The names can be displayed in the trace list NAME This prompts you to enter the mark name on_all_ occurrences_of This option specifies a signal pattern as the cond...

Page 224: ... on Entering Numerical Values in this manual for options on entering patterns SAMPLE This prompts you to enter an integer sample number start This parameter specifies the position of the mark is to be after the start of trace memory TIME This prompts you for the time period to look for a specified pattern nsec_of usec_of msec_of sec_of These parameters specify the units of measurement of TIME in n...

Page 225: ...currence_of entering XBITS 0B0H RETURN mark a on_all_occurrences_of any_transition after mark_x RETURN mark d on RETURN mark c on_all_occurrences_of entering XBITS 1 0 named EVENT RETURN Related Commands find Timing Commands 9 57 ...

Page 226: ...he rate specified In the glitch_capture mode trace memory can hold 512 samples and glitchs are noted Default Values The analyzer defaults to standard mode Parameters standard This option allows full analyzer depth to be used glitch_capture This option will set the analyzer to detect glitches using half the analyzer depth Examples mode_is standard RETURN Related Commands none 9 58 Timing Commands ...

Page 227: ... This format specification command allows you to modify the definition of any existing label Default Values none Parameters LABEL This prompts you to enter a label name or select the label name from the softkeys Examples modify CLOCK RETURN Related Commands none Timing Commands 9 59 ...

Page 228: ...is allows you to enter pod_command specific commands without the necessity of using display to change specification modes Default Values none Parameters Any of the available pod_commands commands Note Some of the pod_commands softkeys are not activated from this command Examples pod pod_command ver RETURN Related Commands diagram format list post trace 9 60 Timing Commands ...

Page 229: ...figuration of the 64700 pod is NOT changed except by the user interface Be aware that what you see in modify configuration will NOT reflect the 64700 pod s configuration if you change the pod s configuration with this command Also commands which effect the communications channel should NOT be used at all Other commands may confuse the protocol depending upon how they are used The following command...

Page 230: ...you to enter a quoted sting literal to send to the analyzer firmware The contents of the quoted string are sent and the results are displayed on the screen Examples pod_command ver RETURN Related Commands none 9 62 Timing Commands ...

Page 231: ...ws you to enter post process specific commands without the necessity of using display to change specification modes Default Values none Parameters Any of the available post_process specification commands Note Some of the post_process softkeys are not activated from this command Examples post compare file_is COMP_FILE RETURN Related Commands diagram format list pod trace Timing Commands 9 63 ...

Page 232: ...1 present This command specifies the objects to be presented Syntax The timing diagram syntax is The trace list syntax is 9 64 Timing Commands ...

Page 233: ... compare file have a trailing x appended to indicate an external reference Default Values All defined labels are displayed by default Parameters all_labels This option displays all of the labels currently defined in the format specification blank This timing diagram option inserts a blank line in the display BIT This prompts you to enter the integer bit number compare_file This option selects the ...

Page 234: ...er specified mark names modify This option returns the current display command to the command line for editing then This option selects another object for display time_count This trace list option creates a column for the time count Counts are absolute or relative absolute This parameter specifies an absolute count for the display The time displayed is the cumulative amount of time before or after...

Page 235: ...A 0 thru 3 then blank then DATA 4 thru 7 RETURN present DATA then blank then compare_file DATA RETURN present mark_names then TIMER in_bin then DATA in_hex then time_count relative RETURN Related Commands define Timing Commands 9 67 ...

Page 236: ...1 process_for_data This command limits the trace list display to specified samples Syntax 9 68 Timing Commands ...

Page 237: ...ing or leaving BIT This prompts you to enter the label integer bit number default This option clear any conditions and set it to its default value DOT This prompts you to enter the literal to designate a specific bit number for a label This designates the assignment of a specific pattern entered as a numerical value for comparison greater_than This option specifies a pattern will exist for more th...

Page 238: ...les_of This option specifies that only samples matching a specified pattern will be displayed sampled This option specifies that only samples a user selected number of samples before or after a specific condition will be displayed The condition can only be a transition positive negative or positive or negative on a specific signal SAMPLE This prompts you to enter a number of samples before or afte...

Page 239: ...ansition on the target signal TIME This prompts you for the time period to look for a specified pattern nsec usec msec sec These parameters specify the units of measurement of TIME in nanoseconds microseconds milliseconds or seconds respectively Examples process_for_data samples_of X_lower 1 1 RETURN Related Commands none Timing Commands 9 71 ...

Page 240: ...1 QUALIFIER The QUALIFIER parameter is used with the trigger command to specify a conditions after which a trigger condition will be tested Syntax 9 72 Timing Commands ...

Page 241: ...ter a label name or select the label name from the softkeys on You use this option to qualify the signals on which a glitch may trigger the analyzer or_on This option used to add additional signals to the qualifier qualified_with This option qualifies the trigger condition by allowing you to specify edge conditions on labels or label bits negative_edge This parameter qualifies the trigger by looki...

Page 242: ...ed by glitches only on those lines Otherwise glitches on any line will cause the qualification to be true Examples trigger on pattern XBITS 0 0 qualified_with positive_edge XBITS 1 RETURN trigger position_is center_of_trace RETURN Related Commands none 9 74 Timing Commands ...

Page 243: ...to another name Default Values none Parameters to This option initiates the entry of the new name for the label LABEL This prompts you to enter a label name or select the label name from the softkeys The new label name can only be entered Examples rename CLOCK to CLOCK1 RETURN Related Commands define delete Timing Commands 9 75 ...

Page 244: ...screen Default Values none Parameters SAMPLE By entering a sample number on the command line you reposition the cursor to that sample number on the display CTRL F Causes the cursor to move to the right on the waveform to higher samples numbers in trace memory CTRL G Causes the cursor to move to the left on the waveform to lower sample numbers in trace memory NEXT Causes the next page of waveform d...

Page 245: ...creen Shift Shift uparrow Scrolls the diagram up by one screen if all of the displayed signals do not fit on one screen Shift v Shift downarrow Scrolls the diagram down by one screen if all of the displayed signals do not fit on one screen Examples 436 RETURN Related Commands none Timing Commands 9 77 ...

Page 246: ...te Default Values The default is the fastest sample rate in each mode Parameters period_is This option specifies the sample rate based on the period PERIOD This prompts you to enter the length of the sample period The allowed range is 10 nsec 20 nsec in glitch_capture mode to 500 msec nsec usec msec These parameters specify the units of measurement of PERIOD in nanoseconds microseconds or millisec...

Page 247: ... enter the sample frequency The allowed range is 100 megahertz 50 megahertz in glitch_capture mode to 2 hertz MHz kHz Hz These parameters specify the units of measurement of FREQ in megahertz kilohertz and hertz respectively Examples sample rate_is 100 MHz RETURN Related Commands none Timing Commands 9 79 ...

Page 248: ...les are qualified with mark counts or time intervals from mark_x to mark_o This command can also log the statistics after every execution to a specified file In order for logging to take place the sampling type must be selected with the indicate command Default Values All measurements are included in a statistical sample unless excluded by this command 9 80 Timing Commands ...

Page 249: ...rks below or above which the trace will be included in the sample when_time_x_o This option specifies that only traces with a specified time interval between the mark_x and mark_o points will be included in the statistical sample greater_than This parameter specifies the duration must be more than the time entered less_than This parameter specifies the duration must be less than the time entered T...

Page 250: ...s noheader This parameter suppresses the report header from the output The header contains the source 64700 Timing Analyzer and the day date and time of the output This parameter is useful when building a listing file from multiple executions of the command off This option turns off the logging of statistics Examples statistics log_to_file testcounts RETURN statistics when_time_x_o greater_than 10...

Page 251: ... the range of 6 35V to 6 40V in 50mV increments The defined levels for TTL ECL and CMOS can be selected Default Values The threshold defaults are TTL for all signals Parameters xbits This option is a system default reference to all 16 of the probe signals x_lower This option is a system default reference to the first eight probe signals bits 0 through 7 x_upper This option is a system default refe...

Page 252: ...old voltage to 1 30V cmos This parameter sets the threshold voltage to 2 50V VOLTS This prompts you to enter the voltage if it is non standard volts This is a syntactic element used when entering the voltage Examples threshold x_lower ecl RETURN Related Commands define 9 84 Timing Commands ...

Page 253: ...to enter trace specification specific commands without the necessity of using display to change specification modes Default Values none Parameters Any of the available trace specification commands Note Some of the trace specification softkeys are not activated from this command Examples trace mode_is glitch_capture RETURN Related Commands diagram format list pod post Timing Commands 9 85 ...

Page 254: ...1 trigger This command specifies trigger conditions Syntax 9 86 Timing Commands ...

Page 255: ...lified with an edge condition any_glitch This option specifies the trigger to be a glitch The glitch can be on any signal or qualified by label or label bit This option is available only in glitch capture mode on You use this option to qualify the signals on which a glitch may trigger the analyzer or_on This option used to add additional signals to the glitch condition qualifier BIT This prompts y...

Page 256: ...r command to the command line for editing pattern This option specifies the trigger condition will be a signal pattern on This option specifies the trigger point of a measurement or set of measurements PATT This prompts you to enter a pattern of signals The pattern is a numerical value the significance of which is dependent on the number of signals being tested Refer to the section on Entering Num...

Page 257: ... the trigger condition will be evaluated In glitch capture mode you specify signals on which glitches will occur before the trigger condition will be evaluated with Specifies that a glitch must occur on the previously named channels while the following condition is true TIME This prompts you to enter the time a signal pattern should be evaluated nsec_of usec_of msec_of These parameters specify the...

Page 258: ...yzer time to reach a certain condition or state before executing the next command The wait command does not appear on the softkey labels You must type the wait command on the command line After you type wait the command parameters will be accessible on the softkeys Default Values The system will pause until it receives a CTRL C signal Note If set intr CTRL C has not been executed on your system CT...

Page 259: ...to enter the number of seconds to insert for the delay seconds This sets the unit of measure for the delay to seconds Seconds is the only option Note A wait command in a command file will cause execution of the command file to pause until a CTRL C signal is received if CTRL C was previously defined as the interrupt signal Subsequent commands in the command file will not execute while the command f...

Page 260: ...ying more channels than can be shown on the screen you can use the Shift up arrow and Shift down arrow keys to page down or page up through the channels The up arrow and down arrow keys shift the display down or up a waveform at a time Default Values Small waveforms are displayed by default Parameters large This option displays the waveforms with a maximum vertical height medium This option displa...

Page 261: ...Examples display timing_diagram RETURN waveform_size medium RETURN Related Commands present Timing Commands 9 93 ...

Page 262: ...1 Notes 9 94 Timing Commands ...

Page 263: ...t Overdrive 250 mV or 30 of threshold setting whichever is greater Absolute Maximum Input Voltage 40 V Probe Input Resistance 100K ohms 2 Probe Input Capacitance approximately 8 pF Maximum 5 V Probe Current 0 650 A 5 V Probe Voltage Accuracy 5 0 5 State Analyzer Data Setup Time 10 ns min Data Hold Time 0 ns min Qualifier Setup Time 20 ns min Qualifier Hold Time 5 ns min External Analyzer Specifica...

Page 264: ...gical AND of specified low high or don t care for each channel If the pattern is true then false for less than the duration there is a 20 ns reset time before looking for the pattern again Greater Than Duration Range 30 ns to 10 ms Resolution is 10 ns or 0 01 whichever is greater Accuracy is 10 ns 0 01 20 0 ns Less Than Duration Range 40 ns to 10 ms Resolution is 10 ns or 0 01 whichever is greater...

Page 265: ... you are using the graphics diagram and an ASCII diagram output if you are using an ASCII character diagram The ASCII diagram output is suitable for including in ASCII files and printing on standard ASCII printers The graphics timing diagram output on the other hand is raw raster output and can not be sent to the printer like standard ASCII data In fact it is best not to mix ASCII outputs and grap...

Page 266: ... the Timing Analyzer Under the X Window System later TERM Shell Variable To access the timing analyzer graphic diagrams make sure that your TERM shell variable is set properly It should be one of the following values hp300h hp300l hp98548 hp98549 hp98550 hp98700 or hp98720w The value for TERM must match the monitor video board or graphics display system installed in your host refer to the list bel...

Page 267: ...ONT Shell Variable In the timing analyzer we can also accept different font sizes which yield different size graphic diagrams The font size can be set to any of the available fonts with the exception that a resultant 24 line x80 column display must be available If this display is not possible with the font which you select then the timing analyzer will have a display initialization failure To chan...

Page 268: ... as the appropriate shell variables are defined the timing analyzer will detect that its running under X Windows and will create a special subwindow within the terminal emulator window for displaying the graphic timing diagram The terminal emulator window is still used for displaying ASCII text If the appropriate shell variables are not defined or the timing analyzer is unable to create the graphi...

Page 269: ...hese variables are defined automatically when the hpterm terminal emulator window is created Note If the terminal emulator window is resized and or the shell variables LINES and COLUMNS do not reflect the correct size of the terminal emulator window the timing analyzer will position it s graphics subwindow incorrectly If this occurs you should exit the timing analyzer and run the command eval usr ...

Page 270: ...l number of rows in the terminal emulator window times the height of the font cell X should be set to 13 times the width of the font cell plus the width of any internal border and left justified scroll bar Y should be equal to the height of the font cell plus the width of any internal border Either WxH or X Y can be omitted to obtain the default window size or window position as calculated by the ...

Page 271: ...nnections It is possible in the X Window environment to run the timing analyzer from a remote host To gain access to a remote host the following criteria must first be observed You must have the internet address and hostname of the remote host in your system s etc hosts file You must have a valid login on the remote host You must have the remote host listed in the etc X0 hosts file You must have t...

Page 272: ...is a user definable diagram All of the characters which form the diagram characters can be user defined by the shell variable TIMING_ASCII In addition the locations of the cursor and the marks can be defined by this shell variable Default ASCII Diagram If the TIMING_ASCII shell variable is not found a default diagram is put up which is equivalent to using this value for the shell variable TIMING_A...

Page 273: ...iagram characters which are to define the three waveforms sizes large medium small low high glch l h g l h g TIMING_ASCII abcd abcd abcd ef ef ef g g g Where abcd represent the four characters to be displayed for a low high and glitch level in the large waveform As examples the default diagram is For a low abcd _ For a high abcd For a glitch abcd Where ef represent the two characters to be display...

Page 274: ...w for large waveform m_st_s is the mark starting row for small waveform m_int_s is the mark interval row for small waveform Acceptable values for all variables are integers between 0 and 15 A m_st_l value of 1 implies that in the large waveform marks are to be indicated starting with the second row of data 0 first row A m_int_l value of 4 implies that in the large waveform marks are to located on ...

Page 275: ...t character which is to define the cursor TIMING_ASCII cursor_start_character cursor_subsequent_character A cursor_start_character of v implies that v is to be the first character displayed in the cursor A cursor_subsequent_character of implies that is to be the character displayed in all of the other cursor locations Assigning the TIMING_ASCII Shell Variable To set the TIMING_ASCII shell variable...

Page 276: ...able determines where all the ASCII displays of the timing analyzer are piped when a copy specification to printer command is entered The GPRINTER variable should be setup to lp or s with the command GPRINTER lp or s RETURN export GPRINTER RETURN or an equivalent command The GPRINTER variable determines where the graphics display of the timing analyzer is piped when a copy timing_diagram to printe...

Page 277: ... to last In all cases the first data sample in the file corresponds to the first sample in trace memory regardless of the starting sample number Each data sample is in the form BBAA where BB represents data from the upper eight signals x_upper AA represents data from the lower eight signals x_lower Standard Mode Data Format In the standard mode each of the data sample bits represents a signal bit ...

Page 278: ...ues Bit0 xbit0 data Bit1 xbit1 data Bit2 xbit2 data Bit3 xbit3 data Bit4 xbit0 glitch Bit5 xbit1 glitch Bit6 xbit2 glitch Bit7 xbit3 glitch A 1 in a data bit indicates the data sample is high A 0 in a data bit indicates the data sample is low A 1 in a glitch bit indicates that a glitch occurred A 0 in a glitch bit indicates that a glitch did not occur B 14 Timing Diagrams and Outputs ...

Page 279: ...ding to the same set of data 64700 Timing Analyzer Fri Jun 9 11 05 25 1989 Trace List Timing 64700 16 channels 100MHz STANDARD MODE 10 nsec sample Time x_o 10 09 usec Label X_upper X_lower time count Base hex hex abs 0013_x __ 7E B4 130 0 nsec __ 0012 7E B4 120 0 nsec 0011 7E B4 110 0 nsec 0010 7E B4 100 0 nsec 0009 7E B5 90 0 nsec 0008 7E B5 80 0 nsec 0007 7E B5 70 0 nsec 0006 7E B5 60 0 nsec 000...

Page 280: ...1 Notes B 16 Timing Diagrams and Outputs ...

Page 281: ...essage indicates the type of emulator analyzer monitor used The xxxxxxx may be M68000 Z80 or other any other emulator type that is running with an analyzer installed STATUS Connecting to xxxxxx This start up message indicates the timing analysis software is beginning the process of communicating with the external analyzer The xxxxxxx is the emulator name entered at the command line STATUS Initiali...

Page 282: ...he new configuration as indicated by the message See Configuring the External Analyzer in Using the External Analyzer in this manual and the Emulation Configuration chapter in the HP64700 Series Emulators Softkey Interface Reference for more information STATUS Indicated max_min mean_stdv forced halt at 9999 runs This message indicates that a repetitive execution has been halted to avoid an overflo...

Page 283: ...ed to values appropriate for the analyzer STATUS Sample rate is now freqency MHz kHz Hz This message is displayed after a new sample rate is entered Note that the enterd values are rounded to values appropriate for the analyzer 1 Informational Messages Enter Return to toggle diagram labels between defined and default This message appears when entering the softkey labelled DISPLY for the display op...

Page 284: ...on on the diagram Refer to ROLL in the Timing Commands chapter for more details 1 Error Messages ERROR and is not possible all bit are already specified The message appears when you try to enter a trigger specification which uses bits that have already been spcified You need to reenter the trigger specification ERROR Cannot save configuration without data into compare file This message is displaye...

Page 285: ...rement as a compare file You need to use a file with the correct format ERROR Compare file spec does not agree with hardware This message indicates that the current measurement was acquired with a configuration that does not match that used to acquire the compare file data the sample rate trigger position or mode used does not match You need to correct the conditions before a compare will succeed ...

Page 286: ...essage appears when you try to save a configuration file with_data but there is no data in the analyzer You should execute a measurement before saving the configuration file ERROR Data label LABEL bits are already specified This message is displayed when your trigger specification includes the same bit or bits in two or more labels You need to correct the references ERROR Data label LABEL is not a...

Page 287: ... session in multiple X Window System windows at the same time Verify product version compatibility and reexecute the programs ERROR Expression too long shorten mark and trigger expressions This message is displayed when the combination of all the trigger and mark definitions is too long You need to shorten or remove unused definitions ERROR FILE is not a timing configuration file This message is d...

Page 288: ... having more probe bits than are available in the analyzer You need to limit your entry ERROR Labels used in any other specification cannot be deleted This message appears when trying to delete a label that is used in another specification A label cannot be deleted if it is reference in a specification In order to delete the label remove the reference to it in all specifications ERROR Mark not fou...

Page 289: ...itions ERROR Permission denied This message indicates the read or write permissions inhibit the analyzer from reading or modifying the specified file You correct the permissions or use a different file ERROR Process_for_data definition is invalid This message appears when you change mode or redefine the labels in such a way that the process_for_data definition is no longer valid You need to correc...

Page 290: ...you try to process_for_data relative to a transition on a label and the label is defined as more than one bit wide You should use a different label or change the process_for_data condition ERROR Specification does not agree with captured data This message appears when you attempt to save the configuration with_data after you have changed the specification from that used to capture the data Change ...

Page 291: ...age appears when the timing analyzer is unable to use graphics for displaying the timing diagram the ASCII diagram format will be used Refer to appendix C Timing Output and Diagrams for information on setting up a graphics environment Timing Messages C 11 ...

Page 292: ...1 Notes C 12 Timing Messages ...

Page 293: ...cy of a measured time interval by the amount described in the equations which you will find in this appendix Accurate statistical measurements can be made only if the input intervals are a uniform distribution of the interval to be measured The following information describes important aspects in making accurate time interval measurements 1 Time Interval Resolution Resolution is a measurement of t...

Page 294: ...ncreases skew Threshold value selected high threshold settings increase skew The skew specifications of 4 ns for all signals within the probe is measured according to the following conditions A 0 25 volt per nanosecond slew rate A 0 6 volt amplitude signal with equal swings on either side of the threshold A minus 1 3 volt threshold Memory Depth The depth of trace memory is also important in time i...

Page 295: ...titive executions When a single execution is made the resolution is equal to sample period skew When measuring a stable interval using a series of repetitive executions the accuracy of the measurement improves by the following accuracy sample period sqrt n skew where sample period is the sample period specified in the timing analyzer trace specifications sqrt n is the square root of the number of ...

Page 296: ...ber of executions in the series used to determine the mean value Assume the timing analyzer is measuring a stable repetitive time interval approximately 100 us long Using a 20 MHz sample rate 50 ns sample period you capture 51 2 us of timing data calculated as follows 51 2 us 1024 samples X 50 ns sample period A single measurement will have an accuracy of plus or minus the sum of the sample period...

Page 297: ...last 20 ns two sample clocks Even though the input signal has a true standard deviation of 0 0 ns the timing analyzer will calculate the standard deviation of this signal to be 5 28 ns and display this standard deviation on screen When the sampled standard deviation is less than one sample period its value is determined mainly by the sampling process Example 2 Assume the timing analyzer is measuri...

Page 298: ...surements are made by marking x on the first positive edge of the selected label and marking o on the next positive edge after x The random beginning of a new trace will probably occur twice as often during the 20 us interval as during th 10 us interval Because of this the timing analyzer will appear to be finding twice as many 10 us intervals as 20 us intervals but in the system under test there ...

Page 299: ...andard deviation 4 13 symbols within range 4 13 trace command setup 4 5 activity_test 8 4 9 7 address qualifiers 2 21 address range file format SPMT measurements 4 7 after trigger position specification 2 10 all_labels 9 65 analysis specification address data and status qualifiers 2 21 count qualifiers 2 18 occurrence count 2 19 prestore qualifiers 2 16 storage qualifiers 2 15 trigger condition 2 ...

Page 300: ... 5 5 change directory 9 2 clocks See also slave clocks column width trace display option 3 11 command completion 9 1 files 9 2 line erase 9 2 line recall 9 2 multiple 9 2 Softkey Interface 9 1 word selection 9 1 command files 9 2 command recall 2 14 command summary 9 4 compare 9 8 modify 9 10 compare file 9 9 9 13 9 65 creating 8 28 display on timing diagram 8 13 presenting 8 29 configuration 9 12...

Page 301: ...ce command 2 6 default trace display 2 6 default trace display returning to 3 14 define 9 21 defining labels 8 4 definitions emulation analyzer 1 1 external analyzer 1 1 trace 1 1 trigger 1 1 delete 9 24 deleting labels 8 5 demo program SPMT 4 17 demultiplexing using slave clocks for 5 9 demux slave clock mode 5 11 depth of the trace 3 3 diagram 9 25 disassemble from line number trace display opti...

Page 302: ...nts SPMT 4 2 average time 4 15 confidence level 4 16 error tolerance 4 16 examples 4 30 4 32 interpreting reports 4 15 maximum time 4 15 minimum time 4 15 number of intervals 4 15 prefetch and recursion considerations 4 30 selecting 4 8 standard deviation 4 16 trace command setup 4 6 E emulation analyzer definition 1 1 emulation external analyzer mode 5 9 emulator syntax 9 6 end 8 32 9 28 emul700 ...

Page 303: ...ta trace display option 3 15 external labels defining 5 13 F features of the analyzer 1 1 file formats address ranges for SPMT measurements 4 7 time ranges for SPMT measurements 4 8 find 9 33 description 8 21 format 9 38 format specification 8 2 G glitch triggering on 8 9 glitch capture mode 6 3 8 6 glitch_capture trigger 9 87 glitch_capture mode 9 58 global restart 2 24 global symbols 2 9 initial...

Page 304: ...als determining 8 25 inverse video source line display option 3 8 L labels configuration file 5 13 defining 8 4 9 21 deleting 8 5 9 24 modifying 8 5 renaming 8 5 9 75 line numbers 2 6 line numbers trace displaying about 3 4 list 9 48 load trace command 2 28 load trace_spec command 2 27 loading absolute files 2 6 local symbols 2 9 initializing the performance measurement with 4 9 M magnify 9 49 Emu...

Page 305: ...sed with signal groups 8 5 differences in SPMT demo program between compilers 4 19 external timing analyzer does not use configuration labels 5 13 format of measurement data file in appendix B 8 32 interval must not by synchronous with sample clock D 4 measurement errors on recursive multiple entry routines 4 32 no entering option with trigger command 8 22 only one range resource available 2 15 ou...

Page 306: ...1 2 4 1 absolute information 4 13 activity measurements 4 2 adding traces 4 10 demo program 4 17 duration 4 2 ending 4 10 how they are made 4 1 initializing 4 6 initializing default 4 7 initializing duration measurements 4 8 initializing user defined ranges 4 7 initializing with global symbols 4 9 initializing with local symbols 4 9 memory activity 4 2 4 12 module duration 4 4 module usage 4 5 pre...

Page 307: ...alifiers 2 16 probe connecting to the target system 5 6 probe signals displaying 8 17 presenting 8 14 process_for_data 9 68 description 8 25 program activity measurements SPMT 4 2 4 12 programs loading 2 6 running 2 6 Q qualifier slave clock 5 9 qualifiers address data and status 2 21 count 2 18 prestore 2 16 storage 2 15 trigger 9 72 R range resource note on 2 15 rate sample 8 7 recall command 2 ...

Page 308: ...ist 8 21 the waveform 8 17 sequence terms definition 2 22 sequencer using the 2 22 sig INT 4 10 signal activity test 8 4 signals labels 8 13 presenting 8 14 referencing 8 3 simple measurements 1 1 skew interchannel D 2 slave clocks 5 9 Softkey Interface 9 1 entering 4 20 prerequisites 7 1 timing analyzer 1 2 softkeys 9 1 software performance measurements See performance measurements source line in...

Page 309: ... the trace 2 29 storage trace 1 1 storage qualifiers 2 15 store trace command 2 28 store trace_spec command 2 27 summary of commands 9 4 symbol information inclusion trace display option 3 10 symbols 2 9 syntax conventions 9 3 timing analyzer 9 6 T tabs are source line display option 3 9 Terminal Interface 6 1 threshold 9 83 threshold voltages 5 8 8 3 time range file format SPMT measurements 4 8 t...

Page 310: ...5 definition 1 1 depth of 3 3 D 2 displaying the 2 6 8 12 8 17 loading 2 28 on_halt 2 30 stopping the 2 29 storing 2 28 trace command 1 1 default 2 6 loading and storing 2 27 setting up for SPMT measurements 4 5 trace command modifying previous 2 14 trace display 3 1 about line numbers 3 4 absolute format 3 6 count absolute relative 3 12 default 3 14 description of default 2 6 disassemble from lin...

Page 311: ...7 trace specification 8 2 trace status display 3 16 trigger any_glitch 9 87 default 8 7 definition 1 1 8 7 delay 8 10 described 8 7 modifying 8 10 on any glitch 8 9 on anything 8 7 on greater_than duration 8 8 on less_than duration 8 9 on multiple states 2 20 on pattern 8 7 on pattern duration 8 8 pattern 9 88 position 8 10 qualified_with 8 9 trigger condition 2 10 trigger position 2 10 TTL softke...

Page 312: ...V values 2 9 voltages threshold 8 3 voltages threshold 5 8 W waveform scrolling 8 17 width of columns trace display option 3 11 X xbits external analyzer label 5 1 14 Index ...

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