GROUND SERVICING
AIRPLANE
OPERATIONS
MANUAL
1-12-20
Page
4
Code
01
REVISION
38
A
O
M-145/1
114
Holdover times should be seen as rough approximations. They simply
reflect the average, estimated time an anti-icing fluid should prevent
the formation of frozen contaminants on the protected surfaces. Actual
holdover times can be reduced or extended due to many factors
influencing fluid effectiveness, such as high wind velocity, jet blast,
heavy precipitation rates or high moisture content. Recommended
practice is to use holdover times in conjunction with a pre-takeoff
check to ascertain that frozen deposits have not started to accumulate
on treated surfaces. This is a check normally conducted from inside
the cockpit.
The pre-takeoff contamination check is normally accomplished from
outside the airplane when the airplane cannot be effectively inspected
by a pre-takeoff check or when the holdover times has been
exceeded. The pilot-in-command must ask for the assistance of
trained and qualified ground personnel to assist in the pre-takeoff
contamination check, so that wing, empennage and fuselage, which
are not visible from the cockpit or cabin, can also be inspected. If
contamination is suspected, the airplane should be returned for
additional deicing or anti-icing. For practical results, the holdover time
must be equal to or greater than the estimated time from start of anti-
icing to start of takeoff based on existing weather conditions.
Ensure that deicing and anti-icing are performed at the latest possible
time before taxiing to the takeoff position. Always takeoff before hold-
over time expires, so as to minimize the period when the airplane
stays in line for takeoff and is exposed to contamination. Hold-over
time should not be considered an exact figure. It is just an average
time, which can be reduced by many factors affecting the fluid
effectiveness. In the case of ice build-up after deicing/anti-icing fluid
application, do not assume that ice will be blown off during takeoff roll.
Ask for deicing/anti-icing fluid reapplication. If the hold-over time
expires, carry out a pre-takeoff contamination check and another
deicing/anti-icing fluid application is required.
No holdover time guidelines exist for the conditions of snow pellets,
snow grains, ice pellets, moderate and heavy freezing rain and hail. In
such, takeoffs in snow pellets, snow grains, ice pellets or hail must be
preceded by a careful contamination check shortly before takeoff.
Takeoff in conditions of moderate and heavy freezing rain is not
approved.
Summary of Contents for EMB145
Page 3: ......
Page 610: ...EMERGENCY PROFILES AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL 1 03 95 Page 2 Code 03 SEPTEMBER 29 2000...
Page 611: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL EMERGENCY PROFILES SEPTEMBER 29 2000 1 03 95 Page 3 Code 03...
Page 614: ...ABNORMAL PROFILES AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL 1 03 97 Page 2 Code 01 REVISION 25...
Page 615: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL ABNORMAL PROFILES DECEMBER 20 2002 1 03 97 Page 3 Code 01...
Page 616: ...ABNORMAL PROFILES AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL 1 03 97 Page 4 Code 01 DECEMBER 20 2002...
Page 622: ...PERFORMANCE AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL 1 04 03 Page 4 Code 01 REVISION 34 INTENTIONALLY BLANK...
Page 1000: ...LOADING AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL 1 07 10 Page 4 Code 40 JUNE 28 2002 EMB 145 DOOR CLEARANCES...
Page 1070: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL LOADING DECEMBER 20 2002 1 07 80 Page 3 Code 01...
Page 1072: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL LOADING DECEMBER 20 2002 1 07 80 Page 5 Code 01...
Page 1074: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL LOADING DECEMBER 20 2002 1 07 80 Page 7 Code 01...
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Page 1718: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL ELECTRICAL MARCH 28 2002 2 05 10 Page 3 Code 01 CONFIGURATION 1...
Page 1720: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL ELECTRICAL REVISION 22 2 05 10 Page 5 Code 01 CONFIGURATION 2...
Page 1724: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL ELECTRICAL REVISION 23 2 05 10 Page 6C Code 01 CONFIGURATION 3A...
Page 1726: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL ELECTRICAL REVISION 26 2 05 10 Page 7 Code 01 CONFIGURATION 3B...
Page 1766: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL LIGHTING JANUARY 21 2002 2 06 05 Page 3 Code 01 COCKPIT LIGHTING...
Page 1768: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL LIGHTING JANUARY 21 2002 2 06 05 Page 5 Code 01 GLARESHIELD PANEL...
Page 1770: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL LIGHTING JANUARY 21 2002 2 06 05 Page 7 Code 01 OVERHEAD PANEL...
Page 1786: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL LIGHTING JANUARY 21 2002 2 06 15 Page 7 Code 01 OVERHEAD PANEL...
Page 1792: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL LIGHTING JANUARY 21 2002 2 06 20 Page 5 Code 01 OVERHEAD PANEL...
Page 1827: ...FUEL AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL 2 08 00 Page 2 Code 01 REVISION 17 INTENTIONALLY BLANK...
Page 1940: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL POWERPLANT JUNE 28 2002 2 10 70 Page 5 Code 01 THRUST REVERSER...
Page 2030: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL FLIGHT CONTROLS REVISION 19 2 13 20 Page 3 Code 01 RUDDER SCHEMATIC...
Page 2052: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL FLIGHT CONTROLS REVISION 18 2 13 30 Page 3 Code 01 FLAP SCHEMATIC...
Page 2060: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL FLIGHT CONTROLS JUNE 29 2001 2 13 35 Page 5 Code 01 CONTROL STAND...
Page 2159: ...AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL OXYGEN OCTOBER 02 2001 2 16 10 Page 3 Code 01 MAIN OXYGEN CYLINDER...
Page 2160: ...OXYGEN AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL 2 16 10 Page 4 Code 01 OCTOBER 02 2001 OXYGEN SERVICE PANEL...
Page 2176: ...OXYGEN AIRPLANE OPERATIONS MANUAL 2 16 20 Page 2 Code 01 REVISION 20 INTENTIONALLY BLANK...