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Aquaread Aquaprobe AP-5000, Instruction Manual

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Aquaread Aquaprobe AP-5000 Instruction Manual Download Page 132

Aquaprobe

®

 AP-5000 Instruction Manual

10401-00906  Rev M

26. Appendix 7. Troubleshooting Turbidity

The   Aquaread

®

  Turbidity   electrode   is   incredibly   sensitive   and   is   capable   of   measuring

between 0 and 3000NTU with an internal resolution of greater than 0.1NTU. This means
that the electrode is able to detect changes in turbidity that are less than 0.003% of the full
range.

It follows, therefore, that in order to provide stable, repeatable readings, especially at very
low levels, the environment in which  the  measurements are  made must  be completely
stable and repeatable. 

For this reason, all Aquaprobes are
constructed with a matt black
aluminium sleeve and end cap that
enclose the sensing electrodes and
provide a constant condition, non
reflective measurement chamber.

This is essential for the correct
calibration and operation of  the
turbidity electrode. 

A diagram of the AP-2000
Aquaprobe’s measurement 
chamber is shown here. 

In order to obtain consistent results, the measurement chamber created within the
Aquaprobe

®

  must   remain   physically   constant   during   both   calibration   and

measurement. 

If the turbidity electrode is calibrated under one set of conditions, then used to measure
under another set of conditions, the readings will naturally be erroneous, especially at low
concentrations.  

A perfect example of this is calibrating with the end cap removed then measuring with the
end cap fitted (or vice-versa). By changing the physical characteristics of the measurement
chamber, you also change the calibration and response of the electrode.

26.1.  Lens and Sleeve Maintenance

On a daily basis, the lenses on the electrode should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth. 

Similarly, the inside of the Probe Sleeve and Sleeve Cap should be kept clean and free
from any deposits that may cause stray reflections.

Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of the Probe sleeve or cap as they have
been treated with a non-reflective coating which can be easily damaged. 

The inside of

the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth and 

non-abrasive

 detergent. 

Always re-calibrate the zero point after cleaning the sleeve or lenses.

© 2019 Aquaread

®

 Ltd.

www.aquaread.com

Page 132 of 138

Summary of Contents for Aquaprobe AP-5000

Page 1: ...d Aquameter Utilities Accessories Aquameter firmware Version 6 20 and Above AP 5000 firmware Version 4 07 and Above Document No 10401 00906 Revision M Date August 20 2019 Aquaread Ltd Bridge House Northdown Industrial Park Broadstairs Kent CT10 3JP ENGLAND Phone 44 1843 600 030 www aquaread com ...

Page 2: ...g this product is disposed of properly you will prevent possible adverse consequences for the environment which could be caused by inappropriate waste handling Note For return for recycling please contact Aquaread Ltd for instructions on how to return end of life equipment accessories and all auxiliary items for proper disposal WARNING Favourable indications made by this equipment do not guarantee...

Page 3: ... STABILITY INDICATION 15 6 4 TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION 16 6 5 GPS RECEPTION 17 7 DEPTH MEASUREMENT 18 7 1 TAKING DEPTH MEASUREMENTS 18 7 2 DIFFERENTIAL DEPTH MEASUREMENT 18 7 3 DEPTH CALIBRATION 18 8 MEMORY MODE 19 8 1 MANUALLY SAVING READINGS 19 8 2 RECALLING AND VIEWING SAVED READINGS 19 8 3 RECALLING GLP DATA 19 8 4 CLEARING THE MEMORY 20 8 5 AUTOMATIC DATA LOGGING 20 8 6 BATTERY AND MEMORY DURA...

Page 4: ...BRATING TEMPERATURE 48 15 OPTIONAL OPTICAL ELECTRODES CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE 49 15 1 TOP TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL MEASUREMENTS USING OPTICAL ELECTRODES 49 15 2 OPTICAL ELECTRODE CALIBRATION SEQUENCE 50 15 3 FLUORESCENT ELECTRODE GRAB SAMPLE CORRECTION FACTOR 50 15 4 2000 5000 TURB TURBIDITY ELECTRODE 51 15 4 1 About Turbidity 51 15 4 2 Precautions During Use 51 15 4 3 Negative Turbidity Readings 5...

Page 5: ...0 FSCEIN FLUORESCEIN ELECTRODE 75 15 9 1 Principle of Operation 75 15 9 2 Limitations of Use 75 15 9 3 Calibrating the FSCEIN Electrode 75 15 9 4 Calibration Solution Preparation 75 15 9 5 Serial Dilution 76 15 9 6 Zero Point Calibration 76 15 9 7 Calibrating Point 2 78 15 9 8 Grab Sample Factor 78 15 9 9 Errors During Calibration 78 15 9 10 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance 78 15 10 2000 5000 REFOIL RE...

Page 6: ...alibration 102 16 6 4 Single point Calibration 102 16 6 5 Errors During Calibration 102 16 7 5000 7000 CAL CALCIUM ELECTRODE 103 16 7 1 Calcium Calibration Solution Preparation 103 16 7 2 Three point Calibration 103 POINT 2 105 POINT 3 105 16 7 3 Two point Calibration 106 16 7 4 Single point Calibration 106 16 7 5 Errors During Calibration 106 16 8 5000 7000 FLU FLUORIDE ELECTRODE 107 16 8 1 Fluor...

Page 7: ... CAN SEE ALGAE IN THE WATER BUT MY SENSOR IS GIVING LOW READINGS WHY 128 24 4 WHAT IS THE RANGE AND RESOLUTION OF THE OPTICAL ELECTRODES 128 24 5 WHAT IS THE ACCURACY OF THE OPTICAL ELECTRODES 129 25 APPENDIX 4 ISE ELECTRODES DETAILED SPECIFICATION 130 25 1 SPECIAL NOTES CONCERNING ISE ELECTRODES AND PH BUFFERS 131 26 APPENDIX 7 TROUBLESHOOTING TURBIDITY 132 26 1 LENS AND SLEEVE MAINTENANCE 132 26...

Page 8: ...er to prevent accidental dunking or loss a lanyard is supplied Please note that the socket on the Aquameter is only waterproof when the associated plug is fitted Without the plug fitted water can enter the socket Damage caused by water ingress through the socket is not covered by your warranty You may notice a small hole on the rear of the unit near the top This is a waterproof vent for the intern...

Page 9: ... any of the holes in the Probe s sleeve which are essential for water flow and correct operation of the Probe If the above techniques are not possible and a metal to metal connection is unavoidable a sacrificial anode must be attached to the Aquaprobe Sacrificial anodes are manufactured from zinc and are designed to slide onto the threaded connector section of the Aquaprobe and to be held on by th...

Page 10: ...surement chamber you also change the calibration and response of the electrode Another particular problem when trying to measure very low concentrations is air in the form of both visible and microscopic bubbles These act like tiny prisms and can refract and reflect both the excitation light and the return signal being measured The photograph to the right was taken in a calibration tube after fres...

Page 11: ... outside the Meter We recommend the use of one of the Energizer range of NiMH chargers 3 4 Battery Condition Icon On all the main Aquameter screens a battery condition icon is displayed in the top left corner The icon shows full when the batteries are fresh and gradually empties as the batteries are used When the batteries need replacing the empty battery icon will flash on and off If you ignore t...

Page 12: ...hould be able to navigate around the entire menu system at speed using just the four arrow keys If at any time you leave the Meter in one of the sub menu screens it will automatically back out to the main operating screen after 15 seconds 4 1 Initial Switch On Language and Clock Setup To switch the meter on or off briefly press the red key Do not hold it down The meter contains a clock and is capa...

Page 13: ...the plug into the socket and tighten the retaining collar fully Once the AP 5000 has been connected to the Extension Cable the Aquameter can be connected Always ensure the Aquameter is switched off prior to connecting or disconnecting an AP 5000 Align the AQUAREAD logo on the plug body with the red on off switch on the Aquameter then press the plug into the socket and tighten the retaining collar ...

Page 14: ...tting and removal of the Cap easier If the AP 5000 is connected correctly the meter will read the Probe s serial number and model number then will automatically configure itself to display only those readings the current AP 5000 is capable of taking Initial Probe readings will be displayed on the meter s screen along with the current GPS status The initial data screen for the GPS Aquameter in conj...

Page 15: ...ters or Feet Items in the Units column marked with an asterisk can be selected as alternative units of measurement in the Settings Menu see section 9 Items in the Units column marked with a dagger are auto ranging i e when the values become too large to display the units of measurement automatically re scale The EC field can be replaced by its reciprocal value RES Resistivity if selected in the Se...

Page 16: ...tails During calibration of the DO electrode variations due to temperature and air pressure are automatically compensated for During the measurement of DO temperature air pressure and salinity are automatically compensated for During calibration of the ORP electrode the variation in the calibration buffer solution due to temperature is automatically corrected for During measurement of ORP however ...

Page 17: ...screens As soon as three satellites are acquired two dimensional position no altitude will be calculated and the message GPS 2D POS will be shown on the bottom line of the screens Once a fourth satellite is acquired altitude will be calculated and GPS 3D POS will be shown on the bottom line of the screens With a good view of the sky position should be calculated within ninety seconds of switch on ...

Page 18: ...g zero this is possible if the probe is wet and a low EC reading is registering press the OK key You will be asked to confirm by pressing OK again Slowly lower the probe into the water As soon as the depth value starts to register you can lower the probe more quickly 7 2 Differential Depth Measurement If you want to measure changes in depth it may be more convenient to zero the depth measurement o...

Page 19: ...arrow keys To see earlier readings press the up arrow key Just before each set of readings is displayed the Tag will be briefly displayed To view all the parameters within one set of readings use the left right arrow keys as described earlier To exit Memory Recall mode press the ESC key If no key is pressed for 30 seconds Memory Recall mode will be automatically cancelled 8 3 Recalling GLP Data Ea...

Page 20: ...he Meter off hold down the M key then switch the Meter back on A screen will be displayed asking you to confirm your request Press OK to clear the memory or ESC to cancel and return to normal operation 8 5 Automatic Data Logging If you want to save readings on a regular basis in order say to check water quality at a certain location over a period of time you can set the Meter to record readings au...

Page 21: ... to LOW POWER the Meter will switch itself off 30 seconds after your last key press Thereafter it will switch back on at the set rate stay on for 30 seconds log the data then switch back off again This will be repeated until either the memory is full or the batteries go flat If you press any key while the Meter is off between readings in low power mode the Meter will switch back on If no further k...

Page 22: ... other words the same way that it came up from the Probe When you recall the data in Memory Recall mode the data is decompressed then processed for display The advantage of this is that the readings will always appear in the current Meter configuration For example if you spent a day taking readings with the Meter set to read EC corrected to 25 C then when you got back you really want to see EC cor...

Page 23: ... if you want to adjust Electrical Conductivity or TDS Choose line 2 if you want to adjust Temperature pH or Salinity Finally line 3 will give access to Barometric Pressure Altitude and Depth settings Moving the cursor right onto the first line will display the following screen Units EC Ref 25 C TDS Fact 0 65 The first option on this screen allows you to choose how the Meter displays Electrical Con...

Page 24: ...displaying Barometric pressure in millibars mb or in mm of mercury mmHg The second line allows you to choose between displaying altitude and depth in metres M or feet F Whatever units ALT is set to DEPTH will follow Altitude is displayed with respect to mean sea level Depth is displayed with respect to the depth zero datum which can be the water surface or any point at which the depth has been zer...

Page 25: ...5000 TURB Turbidity TURB 2000 5000 CPHYLL Chlorophyll Cphl 2000 5000 BGA PC Phycocyanin Blue Green Algae PC BGA PC 2000 5000 BGA PE Phycoerythrin Blue Green Algae PE BGA PE 2000 5000 RHOD Rhodamine WT Dye Rhod 2000 5000 FSCEIN Fluorescein Dye Fcein 2000 5000 REFOIL Refined Oil OIL 2000 5000 CDOM CDOM FDOM CDOM AP 5000 7000 ISE Electrodes Electrode Part No Function Aquameter Selection 5000 7000 AMM...

Page 26: ...ng part of the Probe s optical and EC measurement system and MUST be fitted during calibration and measurement for correct operation 10 2 Special Notes Concerning ISE Electrodes The high ionic concentration of pH calibration solutions buffers including RapidCal can cause significant offsets in ISE electrodes These offsets are temporary but best avoided because they can cause significant errors dur...

Page 27: ... 5 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF The closer to 25ºC the better 6 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 7 Select RapidCal The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until all readings are stable then it will send the RapidCal command to the Prob...

Page 28: ... probe on a flat surface Do not hold the probe the heat from your hands will warm the probe up and interfere with calibration 3 Wait until the temperature and DO measurements are completely stable This is very important If the DO measurement is 100 1 there is no need to recalibrate 4 If recalibration is needed refer back to the screen shown in item 5 above and select DO 100 5 Wait while the Aquame...

Page 29: ... then without switching the Aquameter off calibrate the upper point If the REPLACE DO CAP error occurs during Optical DO Zero calibration this usually indicates that the DO Cap needs replacing Perform a full DO calibration first at DO Zero then at 100 DO If that does not cure the problem replace the DO Cap see Replacing the Optical DO Cap in section 14 If the corrective actions shown above for REA...

Page 30: ... that says CAL RESTORED Once factory calibration defaults have been restored you must carry out a full calibration of the electrode in question 10 6 Calibration Reports At the conclusion of each successful individual electrode calibration a single line Calibration Report is displayed This report contains the raw output of the electrode under calibration uncorrected for temperature These values can...

Page 31: ...libration was January 31st for the pH 7 00 point February 7th for the pH 4 01 pH 10 points and February 9th for ORP If the date field is dashed this means the electrode is either not fitted or has never been calibrated Pushing the left or right arrow keys will toggle this screen with the calibration report screen PH7 Offset 01 2mV PH4 Slope 56 8mV pH PH10 Slope 56 3mV pH ORP Offset 02 6mV The cali...

Page 32: ...ter from inside the Sleeve then reattach Dry the outside of the Probe using a soft cloth Remember to replace the pH ORP storage cap after use Failure to do so will damage the electrode For more details see Keeping the Electrodes Moist in section 13 Never clean the Probe with solvents alcohol or concentrated acid alkaline based cleaning products such as Decon 90 These products can strip the anodise...

Page 33: ...ce is needed 12 1 Identifying The Individual Electrodes The photograph below shows the two standard electrodes the Combi pH ORP electrode and the DO EC electrode The DO EC electrode includes the Optical DO sensor the EC sensor and the temperature sensor These electrodes will be referred to in the next two sections 2019 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com Page 33 of 138 ...

Page 34: ...age cap makes a very useful belt wrench for tightening and loosening the pH ORP and AUX electrodes Slide the lanyard over the electrode and use it to grip the knurled body Never immerse an AP 5000 with the pH ORP electrode removed This will cause serious damage to the electrode socket This is not covered by your warranty 13 3 Keeping the Electrodes Moist It is very important that the pH ORP electr...

Page 35: ...on all ISE electrodes are supplied with a red rubber sealing cap The caps should be fitted to all ISE Electrodes during pH calibration in order to protect the ISE electrodes from the effects of the buffer solution At all other times the ISE electrodes should be left uncovered 13 5 1 Calibrating the First Point pH 7 00 Due to the way in which pH calibration works the Probe must be calibrated at pH7...

Page 36: ...ibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Offset 1 2mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The top line displays the voltage offset from zero for the pH electrode in millivolts mV If this offset goes beyond 25mV at 25 C the pH electrode should be serviced This value is ...

Page 37: ...olution into a clean calibration cup drop the Probe in all the way Follow the procedure detailed above but at step 7 select either pH4 01 or pH10 0 dependent upon the solution you are using Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates When the Calibrating 100 screen is displayed the calibration report will display the slope for the pH electrode in millivolts mV per pH unit If this slope goes bel...

Page 38: ...g a 250mV ORP calibration standard such as Reagecon RS250 Redox Standard or 229mV at 25 C using a 229mV ORP calibration standard such as Zobell Solution For best results calibrate as close to 25 C as possible The probe will automatically compensate for temperature variation in the calibration solution during calibration To calibrate the ORP electrode follow these steps 1 Fill a calibration bottle ...

Page 39: ...calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Offset 5 5mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The Calibration Report on the top line displays the voltage offset between the ORP electrode output and the value of the calibration solution at the calibration temperature in millivolts mV During normal operation this offset will be subtracted from the ORP electrod...

Page 40: ... a solution containing hydrogen ions at unit activity is zero at all temperatures The ORP reference electrode used in Aquaread combination electrodes is a 3MPK1 silver chloride type and exhibits potentials on the hydrogen scale of Temperature Potential 5 C 221 mV 10 C 217 mV 15 C 214 mV 20 C 210 mV 25 C 207 mV 30 C 203 mV 35 C 200 mV 40 C 196 mV Thus to refer an ORP potential value measured with t...

Page 41: ...ircuitry 14 4 Calibrating the DO EC Electrode Calibration of the EC section of the electrode is normally carried out during RapidCal see RapidCal Calibration Method EC can be calibrated separately using different EC Calibration Standards this is covered after the DO calibration section Calibrating EC The DO section of the electrode should be calibrated at the Zero saturation point at least once a ...

Page 42: ...command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Output 4 4 Calibrating 100 Press OK The top line will display a value which represents the health of the luminophore This value should be between 3 5 an...

Page 43: ...bration record book for the probe If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 14 7 Replacing the Optical DO Cap The Optical DO Cap contains a lens which is coated with an oxygen sensitive luminophore which is in turn coated with a black rubber compound that provides optical isolation but is p...

Page 44: ...e DO EC electrode Ensure that the cap is screwed fully onto the electrode and that it is done up tight 5 Carry out both Zero point and 100 point DO calibration as described earlier Please Note It is essential when replacing the Optical DO Cap to calibrate the Zero point BEFORE calibrating the 100 point 2019 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com Page 44 of 138 ...

Page 45: ...leeve forms an integral working part of the Probe s EC measurement system and MUST be fitted during calibration and measurement for correct operation For best results calibrate as close to 25ºC as possible The probe will compensate for temperature variation in the Calibration Standard during calibration 1 Pour 300mL of calibration solution into one of the calibration cups provided Remove the stora...

Page 46: ... EC value on this line should be R CAL If the value of the EC Calibration Standard you are using is not displayed press the right arrow key The bottom line will change to Calibration DOZero 01 Jan 17 DO100 01 Jan 17 EC R CAL 01 Jan 17 You can now use the up and down arrow keys to select one of two pre set EC Calibration Standard values R CAL or SC 35 or to input any calibration standard value betw...

Page 47: ...atedly to get back to the Main Menu 3 Go into settings and make sure EC is set to read with reference to 25ºC If it s not set it that way See section 9 1 Setting Units of Measurement 4 Go back to the main screen wait until the temperature and EC readings are stable then check that the EC is reading 1 of the Calibration Standard value 5 If the EC reading is outside the 1 limit recalibrate this time...

Page 48: ...ading has been completely stable for at least five minutes Make a note of the temperature displayed on the Aquameter and compare this to the actual temperature of the water bath as displayed by the calibrated thermometer Now select the Calibration screen on the Aquameter Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal When this screen is being displayed press the up arrow key eight times in quick succession ...

Page 49: ... physically constant during both calibration and measurement It is therefore essential that both the sleeve and sleeve end cap are fitted during calibration and operation of all types of optical electrodes If an optical electrode is calibrated under one set of conditions then used to measure under another set of conditions the readings will naturally be erroneous especially at low concentrations A...

Page 50: ...connecting the Aquaprobe If you attempt to calibrate an upper calibration point without first calibrating the ZERO point a calibration error will occur 15 3 Fluorescent Electrode Grab Sample Correction Factor A unique feature of the Aquaread fluorescent type electrodes is the ability to include a correction factor based upon a grab sample If grab sample data is available a Grab Sample Factor GS Fa...

Page 51: ...ects result in wide variability in the distribution and intensity of light scattering from a turbid water sample As a result different combinations of particle shape size colour and refractive index can produce similar turbidity effects By contrast changing only the incident light wavelength and detector distance can dramatically change the measured turbidity of a given sample As a result differen...

Page 52: ...ht beam This level of aeration will register the equivalent of around 5NTU as each bubble is seen as a solid particle If your zero calibration water is aerated allow it to stand for a while until the air has all dispersed then re insert the Probe and re calibrate Do not leave the Probe sitting in aerated water the bubbles will simply cling to the inside surface of the Probe and make the problem wo...

Page 53: ...bidity reading is very high there are probably air bubbles adhering to the lenses Agitate the Probe to remove 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 S...

Page 54: ... erroneous due to small air bubbles or microscopic suspended solids in the calibration solution For this reason it is important to verify the zero point calibration before proceeding to calibrate the other points After calibrating the zero point remove the Probe from the calibration bottle then reinsert agitate and allow the reading to settle Check the turbidity reading is within 1NTU of zero If n...

Page 55: ... key to continue Rinse the probe thoroughly then repeat this procedure for the third point 15 4 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 15 4 10 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance On a daily basis the lenses on the electrode should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth ...

Page 56: ...e Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement techniques ar...

Page 57: ...ription Rhodamine WT Liquid Supplier Keystone Europe Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 15 5 5 Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 100μg L is recommended to be done as a two step ...

Page 58: ...of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 BGA PC l 4 EMPTY 2 EMPTY l 5 N A 3 EMPTY l 6 N A The BGA PC electrode...

Page 59: ...n gently lower the Probe in all the way Follow the procedure detailed above for Zero point calibration as far as step 6 then select Pt 2 Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show the voltage output from the electrode in millivolts mV Press the OK key to continue The read...

Page 60: ...been applied to the electrode all future measurements will be multiplied by 1 25 prior to being displayed In this way the electrode has been corrected for the local conditions and species of algae 15 5 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 15 5 10 Lens and Sl...

Page 61: ...ure Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement techniques ...

Page 62: ...Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 15 6 5 Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 8μg L is recommended to be done as a two step dilution procedure Step 1 weigh out 0 5g of 200g L stoc...

Page 63: ...ure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 BGA PE l 4 EMPTY 2 EMPTY l 5 N A 3 EMPTY l 6 N A ...

Page 64: ...ean calibration cup then gently lower the Probe in all the way Follow the procedure detailed above for Zero point calibration as far as step 6 then select Pt 2 Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show the voltage output from the electrode in millivolts mV Press the OK k...

Page 65: ...been applied to the electrode all future measurements will be multiplied by 1 25 prior to being displayed In this way the electrode has been corrected for the local conditions and species of algae 15 6 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 15 6 10 Lens and Sl...

Page 66: ...he fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement techniques are not ideal for qu...

Page 67: ...pe Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 15 7 5 Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 500μg L is recommended to be done as a two step dilution procedure Step 1 weigh out 0 5g of 200g L...

Page 68: ...nsure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 Cphl l 4 EMPTY 2 EMPTY l 5 N A 3 EMPTY l 6 N A ...

Page 69: ...a clean calibration cup then gently lower the Probe in all the way Follow the procedure detailed above for Zero point calibration as far as step 6 then select Pt 2 Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show the voltage output from the electrode in millivolts mV Press the ...

Page 70: ...n applied to the electrode all future measurements will be multiplied by 1 25 prior to being displayed In this way the electrode has been corrected for the local conditions and species of chlorophyll 15 7 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 15 7 10 Lens and...

Page 71: ...cent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity The normal affects of temperature on the fluorescent response of Rhodamine is automatically compensated for by the electrode 15 8 3 Calibrating the RHOD Electrode The RHOD electrode has two calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure consistent and reliable results When a RHOD electrode is first insta...

Page 72: ...ized water Put a lid on the 1L flask and invert 10 times This step results in a 1 in 1000 dilution of the solution from step 1 The concentration of this solution is 100μg L This solution can now be used as Pt 2 calibration of the RHOD sensor The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded 15 8 6 Zero Point Calibration To...

Page 73: ...t 2 01 Jan 17 GS Factor 01 00 Calibration point 2 Pt 2 is the upper calibration point The dates shown to the right of each point are the dates of the last successful calibration 7 Select ZERO The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibrat...

Page 74: ...8 8 Grab Sample Factor The Grab Sample Factor GS Factor is a value that is used as a multiplier to correct the readings made by a fluorescent electrode based on known values derived from grab samples The default GS factor is 1 00 So when the electrode s output is multiplied by a GS Factor of 1 00 the value is not affected The GS Factor should be left at 1 00 for the Rhodamine electrode 15 8 9 Erro...

Page 75: ...onse caused by temperature Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity The normal affects of temperature on the fluorescent response of Fluorescein is automatically compensated for by the electrode 15 9 3 Calibrating the FSCEIN Electrode The FSCEIN electrode has two calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure consisten...

Page 76: ... mix This step results in a 1 in 50 dilution and gives you the 100μg L FSCEIN calibration standard required for Pt 2 The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded 15 9 6 Zero Point Calibration To calibrate the zero point follow these steps 1 Pour 300mL of clean water bottled still mineral water is recommended into a cl...

Page 77: ...the last successful calibration 7 Select ZERO The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the fol...

Page 78: ...electrode based on known values derived from grab samples The default GS factor is 1 00 So when the electrode s output is multiplied by a GS Factor of 1 00 the value is not affected The GS Factor should be left at 1 00 for the Fluorescein electrode 15 9 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in secti...

Page 79: ...void exposure to UV light when the Electrode is in operational Precautions must be taken to avoid looking directly at the Electrode without the use of UV light protective glasses Do not look directly at the lenses on the front face of the Electrode when it is operational Ensure the warning label supplied with the Electrode is attached to the Aquaprobe 15 10 2 Limitations of Use Determination of re...

Page 80: ...sults It is important to calibrate this electrode as close to operational temperature as possible When a REFOIL electrode is first installed it MUST be calibrated at both points in order to set the electrode s relative sensitivity and establish its slope Subsequently zero point calibration should be carried out before each use and full two point calibration should be carried out every few months 1...

Page 81: ...aphthalene In order to display readings with respect to a specific type of refined oil it is necessary to prepare a 10ppm solution of the target oil type and use that to calibrate the electrode in place of the naphthalene solution Alternatively apply a suitable Grab Sample Factor to correct the naphthalene readings for the target oil type 15 10 7 Zero Point Calibration To calibrate the zero point ...

Page 82: ... Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Output 2500mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The Calibration Report on the top line displays the voltage output from the electrode in millivolts mV This value is stored in ...

Page 83: ...ues with the average values derived by laboratory analysis of grab samples from the same location To do this divide the average grab sample value by the average electrode value This will give you a GS Factor For example your calibrated electrode gives an average output of 100 at a given location The analysis of grab samples from that location reveal an actual value of 125 So 125 divided by 100 giv...

Page 84: ...sleeve or cap as they have been treated with a non reflective coating which can be easily damaged The inside of the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth and non abrasive detergent Always re calibrate the zero point after cleaning the sleeve or lenses 2019 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com Page 84 of 138 ...

Page 85: ... taken to avoid looking directly at the Electrode without the use of UV light protective glasses Do not look directly at the lenses on the front face of the Electrode when it is operational Ensure the warning label supplied with the Electrode is attached to the Aquaprobe 15 11 2 Limitations of Use Determination of CDOM in the field using fluorescence measurement techniques will never be as accurat...

Page 86: ...ntists have not developed a standard way to report CDOM values Results are therefore expressed in relative units based on calibration to a standard fluorescing compound usually quinine In order to calibrate the CDOM electrode a 100ppb solution of Quinine Sulphate in sulphuric acid can be used However since Quinine Sulphate is extremely expensive and sulphuric acid is dangerous to handle Aquaread L...

Page 87: ...hange to CALIBRATE CDOM ZERO 01 Jan 17 Pt 2 01 Jan 17 GS Factor 01 00 Calibration point 2 Pt 2 is the upper calibration point The dates shown to the right of each point are the dates of the last successful calibration 7 Select ZERO The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the...

Page 88: ... The Grab Sample Factor GS Factor is a value that is used as a multiplier to correct the readings made by a fluorescent electrode based on known values derived from grab samples The default GS factor is 1 00 So when the electrode s output is multiplied by a GS Factor of 1 00 the value is not affected If grab sample data is available for the location in which you plan to take measurements you shoul...

Page 89: ...an and free from any deposits that may cause stray fluorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of the Probe sleeve or cap as they have been treated with a non reflective coating which can be easily damaged The inside of the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth and non abrasive detergent Always re calibrate the zero point after cleaning the sleeve or lenses 15 11 10 Speci...

Page 90: ...irred at all times 16 2 Calibration Points All ISE electrodes have three calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure consistent and reliable results Prior to initial calibration all ISE Electrodes should be soaked in their relevant Point 1 calibration solution for 20 30 minutes When an ISE electrode is first installed it MUST be calibrated at three points in order to est...

Page 91: ...afety advice Preparing the 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration cup and retain 50mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 400mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 40mL of the 100ppm sol...

Page 92: ...lect Full Cal The screen will change to 6 Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 EMPTY 2 NH4 l 5 N A 3 EMPTY l 6 N A The Ammonium NH4 electrode should have been assigned to an AUX socket when it was fitted Move the pointer to NH4 then press the OK or right arrow key to select 7 The screen will change to CALIBRATE ...

Page 93: ...4 7 above select Pt 2 and press OK The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the calibration report screen will be displayed If the te...

Page 94: ...or will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again During two point calibration the AP 5000 and Aquameter must remain switched on If the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re started from point 1 To calibrate the ISE electrode follow the steps outlined above under three point calibration for points 1 and 2 only 16 4 4 ...

Page 95: ...Preparing the 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration cup and retain 50mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 400mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 40mL of the 100ppm solution you hav...

Page 96: ... The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 EMPTY 2 NO3 l 5 N A 3 EMPTY l 6 N A The Nitrate NO3 electrode should have been assigned to an AUX socket when it was fitted Move the pointer to NO3 then press the OK or right arrow key to select 7 The screen will change to CALIBRATE NO3 Pt 1 01 Jan ...

Page 97: ... During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the calibration report screen will be displayed If the temperature of the 100ppm solution is more than 1ºC different from the Pt 1 calibration temperature an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adj...

Page 98: ...Aquameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re started from point 1 To calibrate the ISE electrode follow the steps outlined above under three point calibration for points 1 and 2 only 16 5 4 Single point Calibration Single point calibration should be carried out daily For this just 10ppm solution is required The solution can be at any temperature b...

Page 99: ...g the 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration cup and retain 50mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 400mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 40mL of the 100ppm solution you have just p...

Page 100: ...l The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 EMPTY 2 Cl l 5 N A 3 EMPTY l 6 N A The Chloride Cl electrode should have been assigned to an AUX socket when it was fitted Move the pointer to Cl then press the OK or right arrow key to select 7 The screen will change to CALIBRATE Cl Pt 1 01 Jan 17...

Page 101: ...During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the calibration report screen will be displayed If the temperature of the 100ppm solution is more than 1ºC different from the Pt 1 calibration temperature an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adju...

Page 102: ...quameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re started from point 1 To calibrate the ISE electrode follow the steps outlined above under three point calibration for points 1 and 2 only 16 6 4 Single point Calibration Single point calibration should be carried out daily For this just 10ppm solution is required The solution can be at any temperature be...

Page 103: ...e 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration cup and retain 50mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 400mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 40mL of the 100ppm solution you have just prepa...

Page 104: ... The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 EMPTY 2 Ca2 l 5 N A 3 EMPTY l 6 N A The Calcium Ca2 electrode should have been assigned to an AUX socket when it was fitted Move the pointer to Ca2 then press the OK or right arrow key to select 7 The screen will change to CALIBRATE Ca2 Pt 1 01 Jan ...

Page 105: ...During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the calibration report screen will be displayed If the temperature of the 100ppm solution is more than 1ºC different from the Pt 1 calibration temperature an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adju...

Page 106: ...quameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re started from point 1 To calibrate the ISE electrode follow the steps outlined above under three point calibration for points 1 and 2 only 16 7 4 Single point Calibration Single point calibration should be carried out daily For this just 10ppm solution is required The solution can be at any temperature be...

Page 107: ...and to read and comply with all health and safety advice Preparing the 5ppm solution 250mL of 5ppm solution is required To prepare this first make an intermediate dilution of 50ppm To do this mix 6mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 114mL of deionised water This will produce 120mL of 50ppm solution Next mix 25mL of the 50ppm solution with 225mL of deionised water This will produce 250mL of 5pp...

Page 108: ...stable A minimum of five minutes is recommended 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 20ºC and 40ºC 68ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRO...

Page 109: ... is recommended 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is within 1ºC of the previous 0 5ppm calibration point If the solution is warmer or cooler than this calibration will fail 4 Referring to steps 4 7 above select Pt 2 and press OK The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Ca...

Page 110: ...the same temperature within 1ºC If the temperature of the two solutions differ by more than 1ºC an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again During two point calibration the AP 5000 and Aquameter must remain switched on If the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re started from ...

Page 111: ...are the Aquameter driver and a USB Serial Port driver 17 3 Driver Installation Connect the Aquameter to your PC using the USB cable provided The Found New Hardware wizard on your PC should activate automatically Different versions of Windows react to plugging USB devices in differently Earlier versions will give you the option to locate and install driver software If this happens direct Windows to...

Page 112: ...loaded Data column on the left of the screen To view any of the logged data records simply click on the desired Tag date and time label as shown above The data for the highlighted label will be displayed in the individual data boxes which are grouped by electrode function Any data that is unavailable or out of range will be displayed as dashes To move up and down the Tag date time column use eithe...

Page 113: ...seful Tip Once you have saved the logged data it is a good idea to clear the Aquameter s memory so next time you log data you don t get both your old data and new data uploaded to your PC See Clearing the Memory in section 8 17 9 Retrieving Logged Data Once a Raw Data file has been saved using the above technique it can be easily retrieved by clicking on the Open Raw Data button When a raw data fi...

Page 114: ...ock of individual readings laid out in chronological order follows this page This report can be imported into any text editor or word processor package Useful Tip Of the two text editors supplied with Windows Microsoft WordPad is the preferred text editor for viewing AquaLink Text Reports as this handles text file formatting better than Microsoft Notepad A typical report cover page follows 2019 Aq...

Page 115: ...mp 17 9C Tag 0254 Date 25 Jul 2009 Time 07 14 01 Baro 1005mb Tag 0838 Date 27 Jul 2009 Time 09 46 00 Turb 04 1 NTU Tag 0830 Date 27 Jul 2009 Time 09 06 00 pH 7 55 Tag 0003 Date 24 Jul 2009 Time 10 19 01 pHmV 40 8mV Tag 0556 Date 26 Jul 2009 Time 08 24 00 ORP 354 4mV Tag 0820 Date 27 Jul 2009 Time 08 16 00 DO 30 1 Sat Tag 0427 Date 25 Jul 2009 Time 21 39 00 EC 782uS cm Tag 0149 Date 24 Jul 2009 Tim...

Page 116: ...e s proprietary Keyhole Markup Language with a kml extension and can be directly imported into Google Earth where the data is overlaid on satellite images 17 15 Importing Files into Google Earth To view your files in Google Earth you will need to log on to the Google website and install the Google Earth application on your computer This is free of charge at present Once you have downloaded Google ...

Page 117: ...gle Earth is a great way to spot potential sources of pollution If one of the readings you have taken shows an abnormality the chances are that you will be able to spot the possible source of the problem a riverside factory for example directly on the satellite photo 2019 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com Page 117 of 138 ...

Page 118: ...risation number by our Service Department You should then return the equipment thoroughly cleaned properly packaged carriage paid to the address you are given If the equipment is within warranty any necessary repairs will be carried out and your equipment will be returned free of charge If the repair is not covered by the warranty you will be given an estimate for the costs of repair and return ca...

Page 119: ..._________________________________ Country ______________________________________ Phone ________________________________________ email __________________________________________ Product ______________________________________ Serial No ______________________________________ Contaminant if known ___________________________________________________________________________ Decontamination Procedure ____...

Page 120: ... USB CONNECTED message does not appear on the Aquameter when it is connected to a PC The batteries in the Aquameter may be dead or incorrectly fitted Check you have fresh batteries fitted and that they are inserted the correct way round The USB cable does not power the Aquameter There may be a problem with the USB socket on the PC try an alternative socket ERROR 01 appears on the Aquameter screen ...

Page 121: ...rate The EC electrode may be dirty Clean the EC electrode then recalibrate Turbidity readings are inaccurate or unstable Have you got the Probe Sleeve and end cap fitted Turbidity will not work without the Probe Sleeve and end cap fitted Trapped air bubbles may be causing interference Tap and swish the Aquaprobe to dislodge them The sample being measured may contain air bubbles Under these conditi...

Page 122: ...m and the high speed electronics required to obtain good accuracy are extremely complex Calling on many years experience designing military Night Vision Goggle NVG compatible optics Aquaread engineers have produced an amazingly small and elegant solution Housed in a resin filled marine grade aluminium body that measures just 8mm 0 3 diameter by 13mm 0 5 long the fully waterproof AquaPlus Sensor Mo...

Page 123: ...eading can be taken the less time the luminophore needs to be excited and the longer it will last The high speed circuitry within the AquaPlus module requires just eleven milliseconds to take a reading This incredibly fast reading time increases the useful life of the luminophore considerably Another technique used to prolong the life of the luminophore in the AquaPlus module is variable excitatio...

Page 124: ...cap as a belt wrench as shown below Apply a small amount of silicone grease supplied with the AP 5000 to the threaded section and the O ring of the AUX Electrode see photograph ENSURE NO GREASE IS APPLIED TO THE GOLD CONTACTS Using a clean cloth or tissue paper polish the gold contacts ensuring they are completely clean Carefully insert the electrode into the AUX socket and tighten firmly until th...

Page 125: ... PC 2000 5000 BGA PE Phycoerythrin Blue Green Algae PE BGA PE 2000 5000 RHOD Rhodamine WT Dye Rhod 2000 5000 FSCEIN Fluorescein Dye Fcein 2000 5000 REFOIL Refined Oil R OIL 2000 5000 CDOM CDOM FDOM CDOM AP 5000 7000 ISE Electrodes Electrode Part No Function Aquameter Selection 5000 7000 AMM Ammonium Ammonia NH4 5000 7000 CHL Chloride Cl 5000 7000 FLU Fluoride F 5000 7000 NIT Nitrate NO3 5000 7000 ...

Page 126: ...nge 5 C 50 C 23 F 122 F Temperature Resolution 0 01 C F Accuracy 0 1 C Readings calculated from EC and temperature electrode values Aquaread Ltd reserves the right to change specifications without notice Notes 1 The accuracy figures quoted throughout this document represent the equipment s capability at the calibration points at 25 C These figures do not take into account errors introduced by vari...

Page 127: ...fined Oil Electrode operates on a 15 second on 15 second off duty cycle 24 2 How does the Refined Oil sensor work The Refined Oil sensor detects volatile organic compounds VOCs that are found in petroleum derivatives These include benzene toluene ethylbenzene and xylenes BTEX The sensor is a fixed frequency in situ fluorometer that uses deep UV wavelengths 285nm to excite the VOCs An emission filt...

Page 128: ...een Algae MLD 1 200 cells mL Phycoerythrin Range 0 200 000 cells mL BGA PE Resolution 1 cell mL Marine Blue Repeatability 10 of reading Green Algae MLD 1 400 cells mL Range 0 500 µg L ppb Rhodamine Resolution 2 Auto range scales 0 00 99 99 µg L 100 0 500 0 µg L WT Dye Repeatability 5 of reading MLD 1 0 1 µg L MLR 2 5 µg L Range 0 500 µg L ppb Fluorescein Resolution 2 Auto range scales 0 00 99 99 µ...

Page 129: ...substance in reasonable concentrations and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement techniques are not ideal for quantitative measurement and it is therefore impossible to specify an absolute accuracy In order to obtain accurate results data obtained with a fluorescent electrode in the field must b...

Page 130: ...Ions 2 Magnesium Barium Lead Zinc and Sodium pH Range 3 4 9 Ammonia readings are calculated from Ammonium pH and temperature electrode values Aquaread Ltd reserves the right to change specifications without notice Notes 1 MLD Minimmum Level of Detection is the minimum value the electrode is physically capable of measuring 2 Each ion selective electrode is prone to interference from ions that are s...

Page 131: ...he ISE electrode the ions in the immediate area of the electrode will be depleted and the reading will start to fall This also applies to calibration where the probe should be stirred at all times 25 1 Special Notes Concerning ISE Electrodes and pH Buffers The high ionic concentration of pH calibration solutions buffers including RapidCal can cause significant offsets in ISE electrodes These offse...

Page 132: ... created within the Aquaprobe must remain physically constant during both calibration and measurement If the turbidity electrode is calibrated under one set of conditions then used to measure under another set of conditions the readings will naturally be erroneous especially at low concentrations A perfect example of this is calibrating with the end cap removed then measuring with the end cap fitt...

Page 133: ...rbidity Probes air bubbles and stray reflections can be a problem when trying to measure low turbidity values In order to avoid air bubbles keep the Turbidity electrode clean and agitate the Probe after submersion to dislodge any air bubbles which may be clinging to the lenses In order to maintain a common reflective pattern between calibration and use always calibrate and measure turbidity with t...

Page 134: ...ction Although all Aquaprobes are provided with a sleeve and End Cap specifically designed to maintain a constant measurement chamber water must be allowed to flow freely over the sensing electrodes to ensure correct operation In order for this to occur a set of holes have been included around the periphery of the sleeve Because both the turbidity electrode and the sleeve are threaded parts the fi...

Page 135: ... the bottom in shallow water in direct sunlight where the sunlight can be reflected back into the Probe by light coloured sand or pebbles Sensor saturation can result in negative turbidity readings as the magnitude of the measurement light pulses are clipped or reduced by the upper limit of the sensor If this occurs either lift the Probe up and away from the surface reflecting the sunlight or shad...

Page 136: ...ncey W Anderson USGS 2004 Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook Randy D Down and Jay H Lehr Chapter 24 Turbidity Monitoring John Downing John Wiley Sons Inc 2005 Turbidity Science Michael J Sadar Hach Company 1998 Guidelines and Standard Procedures for continuous Water Quality Monitors Site Selection Field Operation Calibration Record Computation and Reporting Richard J Wagner et al ...

Page 137: ...ght At this point they should seal due to the taper If a spigot will not seal properly remove it then re insert with some PTFE plumber s tape wrapped around the thread 27 2 AP 5000 Preparation Prior to Use In order to fit the AP 5000 into the Flowcell it is necessary to first fit the Flowcell Adapter Ring Referring to the photographs on the right first remove the sleeve from the AP 5000 Next slide...

Page 138: ... depth measurement feature of the AP 5000 to measure the operating pressure At 500mb the AP 5000 will show a depth of approximately 5 meters 27 6 Flowcell Cleaning After use rinse the Flowcell thoroughly with fresh water To remove stubborn deposits scrub the inside of the Flowcell with a bottlebrush and non abrasive detergent then rinse thoroughly Never clean the Flowcell with solvents alcohol or ...

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