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39

CHAPTER X

CHART #5

"OLD REGULATION"

From the time of building the first cars up to year of Naught Seven the regulation remained exactly the same

in principle. This principle was entirely different from the one in use at the present time. The thermostat regulated the
amount of fuel fed to the burner by closing off the supply when the temperature reached a predetermined degree. The
water regulator controlled the amount of water fed to the generator by opening and closing at a predetermined
pressure. Suppose a case, where the fuel is turned on to the burner and the fire is burning. There is enough excess fuel
to cause the temperature in the generator to rise. When the temperature reaches three hundred and ninety degrees the
thermostat closes shutting off the supply of fuel. Without any fire below the coils in the generator the steam pressure
immediately begins to drop back, As soon as it drops to the point where the water regulator closes the water starts to
the generator, causing that already contained therein to begin to move downward through the coils, being forced to do
so by the action of the pumps. This movement of the water causes the temperature of the steam to drop a slight
amount, just enough, however, to cause the element in the thermostat to contract sufficiently to turn on the fuel again.

CHART # 5

OLD REGULATION

Thermostat set too high

Overheating

Thermostat refuses to close

Bad seat
Needle binds
Dirt on seat
Bellcrank sticks

Wet steam

Dirty vaporizer
Thermostat low
Clogged fuel line
Valves not open wide

Faulty pumps

Checks
Porous or flabby suction hose
Dirty tank strainer
Leaky stuffing boxes

Leaks between pumps and generator

Unions
Water cushion

Water regulator

Cracked diaphragm
Bad pin valve seat
Pin or screen wedging

Backfiring

See Chart One

Howling

See Chart One

Fire on continuously

Wet steam
Thermo will not close

Fire not on enough, see lack of power

Excessive variation of steam pressure

Clogged water regulator screen
Thermostat bellcrank sticking
Steam leaking into thermostat
Slow leak through thermostat
Dirty generator
Water overbalancing fire

Excessive water consumption

Wet steam
Leaks
Condensing system (Chart # 1)
Stuffing boxes

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p

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D

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Excessive fuel consumption

Wet steam
Dirty generator

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Содержание White Steamer M

Страница 1: ...THE WHITE STEAM CAR SERVICE MANUAL EFFICIENCY REPORT MISCELLANEOUS From Arnoud Carp Heuvellaan 5 1217 JL Hilversum The Netherlands ...

Страница 2: ...ast and mechanic recognized the scarcity of manuals on steam cars and the dire need for such It was for this reason that this copy was made which covers every possible trouble that the White Steam Car could be subject to February 1951 This service manual was transcribed in digital format by J Arnoud Carp of Heuvellaan 5 1217 JL Hilversum The Netherlands Steam car owner and enthusiast May 15th 2000...

Страница 3: ...STEAM THERMOSTAT 18 FLOW MOTOR 18 FUEL RATIO 18 LACK OF POWER BUT DRY STEAM 19 LEAKING WATER REGULATOR 19 SUCTION LINE TO THE PUMPS 19 CLOGGED GENERATOR OR STEAM LINE 19 PUMPS 19 CRACKED DIAPHRAGM 20 INSUFFICIENT THROTTLE OPENING 20 VARYING HEAT WITH SPEED CONSTANT 20 VARYING SPEED 20 BACK FIRING 20 WHEN FIRE IS COMING ON 21 WHEN FIRE SHUTS OFF 21 HOWLING 22 FIRE DOES NOT SHUT OFF 22 FIRE WILL NOT...

Страница 4: ...D 31 PRECAUTIONS CAR STEERS HARD 31 IF THE REAR AXLE GRATES OR GRINDS 31 VIBRATION 31 FIRE 32 CAR SMELLS OF GAS 32 CHAPTER IX CHART 4 ENGINE Items on CHART 4 ENGINE 33 STEAM VIBRATION 34 ENGINE VIBRATES WHEN COMPOUND 34 ENGINE VIBRATES EITHER SIMPLED OR COMPOUND 35 ENGINE POUNDS 36 BROKEN CRANK SHAFT 36 ENGINE KICKS UPON CLOSING THROTTLE 36 ENGINE JERKS WHEN CHANGING FROM SIMPLE TO COMPOUND 37 ENG...

Страница 5: ...ention not an improvement To appreciate it one should compare it with an old type boiler Placed together the two appear as a pygmy and a giant although their power capacity is exactly the same A man of ordinary strength can easily lift the present 40 HP generator To conclude this line of thought the performances of this new type of steam generator have created a sensation in the engineering world ...

Страница 6: ...nt of fuel and steam sometimes using as high as 100 lb of steam per HP per hour As a rule the larger the plant the more economical However the figures of ll 95 lb of steam per developed HP per hour which is the result of Prof Carpenter s tests are superior in many cases to those shown by large compound condensing engines and even triple expansion ones Aside from the generator and engine the rest o...

Страница 7: ... avoid as much of it as possible that we wish to deal For practical purses a used car is just as valuable to the happy owner regardless of its age as a new one provided he gets the service out of it To obtain this kind of service it is necessary to eliminate all sources of depre ciation aside from natural wear Enumerated in the order of their importance the following seven items are the source of ...

Страница 8: ...early 18 to 20 miles per hour as possible Take hills easily It requires great excess power to climb grades at high speed Keep old style engines hooked up as much as they will stand without vibrating The new engines do this automatically Be sure brakes do net drag To show how much power is lost by dragging brakes let us suppose a case The diameter of the Model K wheels is 36 inches The diameter of ...

Страница 9: ...used 48 pounds of fuel to overcome the drag of the two brakes As gasoline runs about six pounds to the gallon therefore 48 pounds eight gallons gasoline wasted at 20 miles per hour These calculations are roughly made and do not strictly conform to the laws of friction but the results are near enough to answer the purpose namely to show how surprisingly large is the amount of fuel wasted in many ca...

Страница 10: ...ineer or mechanic in order to run an automobile successfully A liberal use of common sense and oil will accomplish wonders along this line The points to be lubricated on the White car enumerated in the order of their importance are as follows First the cylinders Applied energy is obtained from a steam engine by means of the steam pushing a piston up and down in a closed cylinder This piston must f...

Страница 11: ...tect the bearings from any corrosive effect of water and acid by forming a film which coats the balls and ball races This hold good for all models as there is a possibility of water in the oil on the older models On these it can work in through the crossheads after having escaped through the stuffing boxes in the form of steam hence it is advisable to keep the piston and valve stem stuffing boxes ...

Страница 12: ...re will penetrate better between the leaves The spring and shackle pins as well as radius rod pins are important points to lubricate The weight of the entire body and passenger load as well as power plant is suspended on these As they are in constant motion it is easily seen that unless well lubricated they will wear rapidly The pins have a hole in their centers through which grease can be forced ...

Страница 13: ...it for power If the pumps are working properly and everything else is all right including the temperature there will be enough power to satisfy anyone NEW REGULATION In regulating the temperature on the new system the same procedure is followed as mentioned above for the old Be positive about the condition of the pumps the water regulator the flow motor the fuel line and the vaporizer Also that th...

Страница 14: ...he crosshead being at the upper extremity of its stroke This distance is termed by White mechanics the piston clearance a term which is not exactly correct however as the true clearance would be between the piston head and the cylinder head The Clearance on the Models C and D is as follows High pressure one half inch low pressure seven sixteenths On Models E F H and L high pressure seven sixteenth...

Страница 15: ...and water blow off On cars having water heater loosen unions at inlet and outlet allowing any water contained therein to run out Loosen all check caps and see that check balls trap no water On later models where the water regulator is in a position with the discharge pipe opening upward the regulator should be removed and water allowed to run out If these instructions are followed the heat retaine...

Страница 16: ... shift after stopping car it is caused by steam trapped in the steam chest Throw reverse lever to reverse and then to center position This relieves the twisting strain on the driving shaft and gears will slip out of mesh easily There is no occasion for applying force to gear lever Open steam blow off valve before turning on fuel when steaming up a cold car The pressure rises very rapidly with a ge...

Страница 17: ...ing if possible leave the car standing facing the wind Sometimes a gust of wind may whip in from the back and extinguish the pilot light For the same reason carry the pilot turned higher on a windy day If the pilot light goes out while running close fuel valve and run a short distance before relighting This gives time for all unconsumed gas to escape Have match lighted and in place before flushing...

Страница 18: ... Some one else may be doing the same thing in the opposite direction The same applies to curves where you cannot see the road ahead If your car is running well do not tinker tinkeritis is a disease the only cure for which is a few good sized repair bills ...

Страница 19: ...or Piston binding Water passing piston Nozzle tip clogged Carbonized vaporizer Choked supply Dirty strainer Valves not open enough Vaporizer nozzle too small WET STEAM Fuel ratio 20 HP fuel valve on 30 HP car Water leak on feed line Leaking flowmotor bypass valve Leaking water regulator Rough pin or seat Pin wedging Screen wedging Clogged Generator Suction line Porous hose Flabby hose Dirty strain...

Страница 20: ...r dirty Flaw in vaporizer Vaporizer nozzle not central Vaporizer nozzle too large Mud in mixing tube Insufficient air Carbon in vaporizer nozzle tip Vaporizer nozzle tip not screwed tight HOWLING Intermittent Thermostat Element bent Needle valve tight Element binding Spring weak Water regulator Screen clogged Insufficient valve lift Pin wedging screen binding FIRE REFUSES to CLOSE OFF Flowmotor Fu...

Страница 21: ...e water can get to the generator This will cause over heating especially at slow speed The fuel valve is made to fit very closely for a certain distance in the hole through which it works This lap fit is close enough to prevent any flow of fuel The stem is supposed to move this distance before the graduated part slips through the hole and the fuel starts which gives the water a chance to lead the ...

Страница 22: ...TEAM THERMOSTAT If the thermostat is adjusted to open at too low a temperature the result will be wet steam If the water valve does not close at the proper time too much water will be pumped to the generator If the spring which pushes the needle valve to its seat is too weak or if the stuffing box through which the needle valve works is too tight the valve will not close at the proper moment If fo...

Страница 23: ...f the seat or the screen might wedge and refuse to close the valve Sometimes a particle of dirt can give the same effect Water regulator leakage may be quickly detected by breaking the union on the line which returns the bypassed water to the tank If your steam pressure is below the bypass point and water comes from this union then the valve is leaking No water should flow unless the pressure is a...

Страница 24: ...towards the bottom of the generator before the temperature of the steam changes enough to affect the thermostat which although it closes will do so too late to prevent a drop in temperature VARYING SPEED If the temperature drops when the car is speeded up it may be due to one of three causes First If the flow motor fuel stem is not screwed into the piston far enough or is worn the temperature at a...

Страница 25: ... being admitted through the mixing tube giving a high fluffy fire the mixture may be so thin that it will not ignite rapidly and accumulate enough so that when ignition does occur it may puff back and cause the gas to catch at the vaporizer tip A split vaporizer may cause a backfire either coming on or shutting off To cause this the split would probably be on the lower side of the vaporizer The je...

Страница 26: ...ould allow the gasoline to make a short circuit and emerge at the vaporizer nozzle without having been sufficiently vaporized As mentioned above the new steel vaporizer eliminates all such imperfections as this If the vaporizer nozzle is crooked namely not lined up centrally with the mixing tube it will almost invariably cause howling Also if the nozzle is too large for the burner the result will ...

Страница 27: ...t to tap too hard and to turn the valve stem around at short intervals FIRE WILL NOT COME ON WITHOUT RACING ENGINE We have divided this condition in two features Take notice if the car has wet steam or dry steam If the steam is dry It shows a deficiency in the water supply to the generator In this case it is best to first be assured that the water can get to the pumps This can be brought about by ...

Страница 28: ...idual gas in vaporizer after the flowmotor shuts off Excessive pressure when Throttle is closed Clogged generator Clogged steam line Pressure drops when throttle is opened Springs back when throttle is closed Pressure drops suddenly Speed of car constant Hand pump checks leaking water in generator back into water tank Rising pressure after stopping a few minutes Coils too hot Coils fouled of dirty...

Страница 29: ...ture seems to be correct and at the same time no water leaks can be seen the chances are that the condensing system is in some way to blame The condenser pump is a very important part of a condensing system In order to have a good condensation and saving of water the pump must keep the condenser empty of water and partially of steam The condenser should run with a partial vacuum On all the cars wi...

Страница 30: ...it is worth while to have a look at the vaporizer or at least at the nozzle tip which some times clogs from small particles of carbon VAPORIZER NOZZLE TOO SMALL As was mentioned in Chart One on regulation the standard nozzle recommended by the White Co should always be used The twenty horsepower nozzles are hexagonal the Naught Seven model H nozzle has four number fifty six holes the Naught Eight ...

Страница 31: ...ed from kerosene than gasoline ITEMS CONCERNING THE GENERATOR These items are to express the general symptoms in order to get a line on something which may be referred to the chart on regulation EXCESSIVE PRESSURE AFTER CLOSING THROTTLE By this term is meant that the steam pressure rises above the bypass point to an excessive amount after the throttle is closed this amount varying from two hundred...

Страница 32: ... stopping HAND PUMP OR BOILER CHECK LEAKING This is the same condition as is given under number two SAFETY VALVE LEAKING OR ANY STEAM LEAK The volume of the steam in the generator being so small a leaking safety valve or any leak will cause the pressure to drop in a short time while standing All conditions being correct and everything tight the car should stand twenty five minutes to an hour and s...

Страница 33: ...Squeak Dry or rusty Shackle pins dry Grinds Gears dry Broken balls Rough bearings Vibrates See engine vibration Loose torsion bar spring Wheels loose Radius rods loose Thumps Broken balls Broken gear teeth Rear Axle Too much oil causes a leak into brake drums High off burner Light blue Proportion of air too great Light grade of fuel Mixing tube open too wide Nozzle too small or choked Nozzle too f...

Страница 34: ...ak If the pilot light flame is turned too high especially if the car is standing it will overheat the vaporizer When the first fuel passes into the vaporizer upon starting the heat is so intense that the carbon will be deposited When the vaporizer tip begins clogging regularly with particles of carbon it is a wise thing to remove the vaporizer and clean It shows that a carbon deposit has already s...

Страница 35: ...he wheel is running in a straight line This condition makes it difficult to steer a car and also wears the front tires very rapidly In order to check up the steering gear to see if the front wheels are parallel the distance should be measured from felloe to felloe on the front side of the wheel at the centerline Then measure the distance at the backside diametrically opposite Supposing the distanc...

Страница 36: ...rner Sometimes high enough to be above the lower coil Naturally this condition would not be such as to give the greatest amount of heat to the coils A great deal of the heat is wasted by the fact that the combustion takes place at such a high point in the coils This condition is apt to cause the front seats of the car to become heated As has been mentioned the cheaper grades of fuel commonly known...

Страница 37: ...n bearing cap loose Pumps loose on bracket Bent condenser pump rocker arm G K Condenser pump loose in crank case Frame bolts loose Broken crankshaft Kicks when throttle is closed Throttle seat leaks Jerks when changing from simple to comp Tight stuffing boxes on simpling valves Simpling spring weak Valves set wrong Simpling valves Refuses to start Reverse on center Simpling pedal not pressed down ...

Страница 38: ...ne causing it to pull in a jerky manner If the engine vibrates when running compound but does not when running simpled the chances are that the steam is by some means getting to the low pressure cylinder without having done its work in the high pressure cylinder There are three valves on the top of the engine which are designated on the chart as simpling valves Two of these are known as poppet val...

Страница 39: ...s same condition can be brought about if the radius rods are so short that the drive shaft projects into the flywheel socket far enough to bump against the bottom of the socket This is also especially noticeable when the engine is pulling hard or accelerating the car on rough roads The driveshaft square should be sunk in the fly wheel socket three eighths of an inch measured on a horizontal center...

Страница 40: ...m is bent This is due to the fact that the condenser is overloaded with water from cylinder condensation and the pump is doing full work As the air pump plunger is a part of the condenser pump plunger any shifting upward of the rocker arm will raise the air pump plunger enough to cause it to strike the top of the air pump cylinder This pound is a single pound and is very dull and heavy Sometimes i...

Страница 41: ... do this Sometimes the reverse lever is thrown in the center notch In this last case the valves are covering all the admission ports to the cylinders and the steam will not be admitted STUFFING BOXES WILL NOT REMAIN TIGHT Contrary to the experience of some the stuffing boxes on the engine should need little if any attention This assertion is made however on condition that the stuffing boxes have b...

Страница 42: ...ottle on a Steam Car The explosive engine attains its working speed before the car is started to move but the steam motor must start the car while it is starting itself In this fact lies the difference between the two in regard to the damage which may be done by applying the power too rapidly At any rate the more recklessly the throttle is used the sooner the stuffing boxes will start to leak This...

Страница 43: ...in to move downward through the coils being forced to do so by the action of the pumps This movement of the water causes the temperature of the steam to drop a slight amount just enough however to cause the element in the thermostat to contract sufficiently to turn on the fuel again CHART 5 OLD REGULATION Thermostat set too high Overheating Thermostat refuses to close Bad seat Needle binds Dirt on...

Страница 44: ...lodging on the seat would give the same result By inserting the finger into the opening when the cap is removed one can ascertain whether the bell crank is binding This should move perfectly free and fall with its own weight WET STEAM The causes enumerated here are all discussed under the same head New Regulation The symptoms of a dirty vaporizer are as follows The fire sounds weak and seldom shut...

Страница 45: ...les Rear axle Outer bearings Grease cups daily Drive shaft Universal joints Slip joints Grease weekly Front wheels Change grease every 5000 miles Force grease into tube weekly Springs Leaves Shackle pins Kerosene and a light oil Grease weekly Steering gear Joints Knuckles Grease bi weekly Grease daily Small pin joints Brake levers Reverse levers and rod Simpling valve gear Pedals Throttle rod Oil ...

Страница 46: ... top and the steam at the bottom it differs from al types of stationary boilers by the absence of a reservoir for steam The construction of the boiler for the 18 brake horsepower engine which was used in the 1906 cars is essentially as follows and is typical of all sizes Eleven helical coils of drawn steel tubing are joined in series and connected as shown in the diagram Fig 2 so as to produce a s...

Страница 47: ...extra volume produced by superheat the calculated velocity approximates 1 3 more 9 For the actual operation of the White boiler on the motor car water is taken from a reservoir which is supplied in great part with water condensed in an air surface condenser The condenser is located at the front of the car and receives the exhaust from the engine which contains an appreciable amount of cylinder oil...

Страница 48: ...eter of 0 53 inch actual external diameter 0 72 inch The external diameter of the boiler is 22 inches its height 11 inches The boiler contains 243 feet in length of inch tubing and has a heating surface which is calculated as amounting to about 45 8 sq 26 The weight of the boiler without fittings is 150 lb The weight of casing bolts and all the fittings is 125 lb additional the total weight of the...

Страница 49: ...r per lb of gasoline 56 If the heating value of the gasoline be 18 482 B T U per lb the respective boiler efficiencies of these 2 cases would be 78 4 and 75 0 If the heating value be assumed at 20 400 B T U per lb the respective efficiencies become 71 2 and 67 3 THE EFFICIENCY OF THE ENTIRE PLANT 57 The engine developed a horse power on the brake at its highest load during the various tests with a...

Страница 50: ... pear hour varying from 12 6 to 19 9 and per indicated horsepower per hour an amount varying from 10 8 to 14 lb SUMMARY 64 Respecting these results Prof Benjamin states This is a remarkable showing for an engine of this size When the fact is considered that ordinary simple engines use from 25 to 35 lb per indicated H P per hour and that 12 lb is considered good performance for triple expansion con...

Страница 51: ...wer with road equipment In this race the Whit defeated 4 24HP and 1 15HP cars 2nd a cupid 2 mile race contesting with cars all of which had 24 HP or over 3rd a two mile race for cars up to l6HP with road equipment from 1905 White steam car catalog SPECIFICATIONS OF THE MODEL M AND O WHITE STEAM CARS MODEL M MODEL O 40 HP 20 HP Diameter of high pressure cylinder 3 in 2 in Diameter of low pressure c...

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