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ENGINE VALVES CUT
Scored engine valves are very wasteful of steam, as it is passing through the engine constantly. This
condition overloads the condenser, causing it to overflow and waste the water.
BROKEN PISTON RINGS
Broken piston rings are similar to cut engine valves, in that they are wasteful of steam. The rings are
supposed to be steam-tight, and of course if they are broken the steam will blow through constantly, whether the
piston is moving up or down. This excessive amount of steam will overload the condenser in a manner similar to a cut
valve.
EXCESSIVE FUEL CONSUMPTION
Too much fuel consumption and the using of too much water in the majority of cases go hand in hand, The
cause for one will be the cause for the other. It is well to remember this fact as mentioned hereinbefore, about the
water and fuel being supplied in a certain ratio. Emphasis is put upon this fact for the reason that if it is kept in mind it
will greatly simplify the process of locating many of the troubles.
DIRTY VAPORIZER
By diminishing the full flow of fuel, a dirty vaporizer will cause wet steam. As mentioned before, a much
greater quantity of steam is used, owing to its lack of elasticity and expansive properties; likewise, the generator must
furnish a greater quantity. This will keep the fire burning a greater part of the time, even under ordinary running con-
ditions. Continuous burning of the fire is the direct source of excessive fuel consumption. A dirty vaporizer can be de-
tected by watching the vaporizer gauge on the dash. If this gauge drops back very slowly and hangs for quite a length
of time at ten to fifteen pounds, it is worth while to have a look at the vaporizer, or at least at the nozzle tip, which
some times clogs from small particles of carbon.
VAPORIZER NOZZLE TOO SMALL
As was mentioned in Chart One on regulation, the standard nozzle recommended by the White Co. should
always be used. The twenty horsepower nozzles are hexagonal; the Naught Seven model H nozzle has four number
fifty-six holes, the Naught Eight Model L nozzle has three number fifty-four holes, as also has the Naught Nine
Model O. These numbers are stamped on the side of the nozzle. The nozzles for the larger cars are made square. The
Naught Seven Model G nozzle has four number fifty-four holes, and the Model K and Model M have three number
fifty-one holes. In the Nineteen Ten models, two sets of nozzles are furnished with each car, one for gasoline and the
other for kerosene. These are each designated by being stamped on the side. It is very important that they should be
used as specified.
VAPORIZER NOZZLE
The fuel economy of the car depends a great deal upon the adjustment of the vaporizer nozzle. For instance,
an extreme case which came to notice was where a nozzle was so much out of alignment that two of the jets of gas
were missing the mixing tube entirely. If the nozzle points directly into the center of the mixing tube, the mixture of
gas and air is distributed equally over the surface of the burner, and also
Is mixed to the most perfect degree, giving perfect combustion. This condition distributes the heat of the flame evenly
under all the coils, and consequently attains the highest economy.
AIR PRESSURE TOO LOW
The flow motor is designed for feeding the proper amount of fuel when the fuel is being forced through by a
pressure of fifty to fifty-five pounds. Therefore, any pressure below fifty pounds gives the water a chance to
overbalance the fuel.
