Waters 2998, Руководство оператора

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Table of Contents ix
Replacing the flow cell ..................................................................................... 3-5
Replacing the lamp ........................................................................................... 3-7
Replacing the fuses ......................................................................................... 3-10
4 Diagnostic Tests and Troubleshooting ............................................. 4-1
Diagnostic tests ................................................................................................. 4-2
Verifying detector calibration ......................................................................... 4-2
Reading lamp energy ....................................................................................... 4-3
Performing the erbium calibration ................................................................. 4-3
Reading the calibration constants .................................................................. 4-4
Displaying PDA detector rear panel interface connections........................... 4-4
Changing the rear panel interface connections.............................................. 4-5
General troubleshooting ................................................................................. 4-6
Power surges .................................................................................................... 4-6
Clearing bubbles from the flow cell ................................................................ 4-7
Detector troubleshooting ................................................................................. 4-7
5 Spectral Contrast Theory ..................................................................... 5-1
Comparing absorbance spectra ..................................................................... 5-2
Representing spectra as vectors ................................................................... 5-2
Vectors derived from two wavelengths........................................................... 5-3
Vectors derived from multiple wavelengths................................................... 5-4
Spectral contrast angles .................................................................................. 5-4
Undesirable effects ........................................................................................... 5-7
Detector noise................................................................................................... 5-8
Photometric error............................................................................................. 5-8
Solvent changes ............................................................................................... 5-8
Threshold angle ............................................................................................... 5-8
A Safety Advisories .................................................................................. A-1
Warning symbols ............................................................................................... A-2
Task-specific hazard warnings........................................................................ A-2
Specific warnings ............................................................................................. A-3