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15. Appendices
186 vatech A9 (Model name: PHT-30CSS) User Manual
15.4.3 Setting Exposure Values to the Age Group
For more information about this topic, refer to the Appendices
15.1 Recommended X-
Ray Exposure Table .
15.4.4 The References Pertinent to the Potential Risks for the Pediatric
Patients
1) Literature

I. ESPELID, I. MEJÀRE, K. WEERHEIJM:
EAPD guidelines for the use of radiographs in children, P40-48. European
Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1/2003 Guidelines in dental radiology are designed
to avoid unnecessary exposure to X-radiation and to identify individuals who may
benefit from a radiographic examination. Every prescription of radiographs should
be based on an evaluation of the individual patient's benefit. Due to the relatively
high frequency of caries among 5-year-old children, it is recommended to
consider dental radiography for each child even without any visible caries or
restorations. Furthermore, radiography should be considered at 8-9 years of age
and then at 12-14, which is 1-2 years after the eruption of premolars and second
molars. Additional bitewing controls should be based on an overall assessment of
the caries activity/risk. The high-risk patient should be examined radiographically
annually, while a 2-3 year interval should be considered when caries activity/risk
is low. A routine survey by radiographs, except for caries, has not been shown to
provide enough information to be justified considering the balance between cost
(radiation and resources) and benefit.

MICHAEL L. TAYLOR, B.SC. TOMAS KRON, PH.D., AND RICK D. FRANICH,
PH.D.:
ASSESSMENT OF OUT-OF-FIELD DOSES IN RADIOTHERAPY OF BRAIN
LESIONS IN CHILDREN, Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., Vol. -, No. -, pp.
1–7, 2010 To characterize the out-of-field doses in pediatric radiotherapy and to
identify simple methods by which out-of-field dose might be minimized, to reduce
the risk of secondary cancers Out-of-field doses to pediatric patients can be
minimized by using simple treatment

C. THEODORAKOU, K. HORNER, K. HOWARD, A. WALKER:
Pediatric organ and effective doses in dental cone beam computed tomography
Dental CBCT has been associated with higher radiation risk to the patients