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Camera Operation 

Falcon 4 Camera User's Manual 

   35 

Flat Field Correction and Defective Pixel Detection 

Overview 

The Flat Field correction function consists of using two coefficients per pixel which correct the gain 

and offset of the corresponding pixel. These corrections compensate for the Photo-response Non-

uniformity (PRNU) and Fixed Pattern noise (FPN) attributes unique to each camera sensor. In 

addition, the camera supports replacement of defective pixels (hot, dead, blinking) with a value 

based on neighborhood pixels.  
The Flat Field correction features are grouped in the Advanced Processing category: 

 

Correction Function Block Diagram 

The following simplified block diagram shows the processing chain that is applied to the image data 

(the flat field and defective pixel blocks are highlighted). Note that each processing block can be 

activated and deactivated independently. For example, the FPN and PRNU coefficients can be 

applied independently or together using the flatfieldCorrectionMode. 

 

Figure 16 Flat field and defective pixel processing 

Preliminary

Содержание Falcon4 57M

Страница 1: ...Falcon4 57M Camera User s Manual FA S0 57M16 00 R sensors cameras frame grabbers processors software vision solutions 03 032 20220 00 www teledynedalsa com P r e l i m i n a r y...

Страница 2: ...mentioned herein belong to their respective owners Document Date August 5 2015 Document Number 03 032 20220 00 Revision History Revision Number Change Description Revision Date 00 Initial release of...

Страница 3: ...atic Discharge and the CMOS Sensor 12 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE SETUP 13 RECOMMENDED SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 13 SETUP STEPS OVERVIEW 13 Step 1 Install and Configure Frame Grabber and Software 13 Step 2 Connec...

Страница 4: ...D TRANSFER CONTROL CATEGORY 45 Acquisition and Transfer Control Feature Descriptions 45 SENSOR CONTROL CATEGORY 45 Sensor Control Feature Descriptions 45 I O CONTROL CATEGORY 47 I O Controls Feature D...

Страница 5: ...ns This new production of CMOS sensors builds upon the performance of the Falcon2 and Falcon3 cameras and improves on image quality The Falcon4 cameras are compliant with GenICam and CLHS specificatio...

Страница 6: ...ions Performance Resolution 7168 H x 8064 V Pixel Rate 1 37 Gpixel s Max Frame Rate 16 fps Pixel Size 6 m x 6 m Bit Depth 12 bits Camera Link HS Exposure Time 100 s minimum Dynamic Range Mono 59 dB mo...

Страница 7: ...on Comparison Resolution Aspect Ratio Maximum Column Maximum Rows No summing Max Summing Max 57M 0 89 7168 8064 16 12bit 2 to 8 Certifications Compliance Compliance EN 55011 CISPR 11 EN 55022 CISPR 22...

Страница 8: ...Link HS command lane For more information see www genicam org Camera Link HS The camera is Camera Link HS version 1 0 compliant Camera Link HS is the next generation of high performance communications...

Страница 9: ...that the initialization of the frame grabber automatically starts a discovery process that will identify the lane configuration of the camera This process is transparent to the user and requires no a...

Страница 10: ...Camera Overview Responsivity The responsivity graph describes the camera s response to different wavelengths of light excluding lens and light source characteristics Figure 2 Falcon4 Monochrome 57M S...

Страница 11: ...The Falcon4 Camera Overview Falcon 4 Camera User s Manual 9 Figure 3 Falcon4 Monochrome 57M Effective QE P r e l i m i n a r y...

Страница 12: ...ark and light pixel defects Tolerated Count 7 Based on estimation algorithm Detection Threshold Groups of dark and light pixels Combined dark and light pixel defects Tolerated Count 0 Glass Spot Defec...

Страница 13: ...olumns Row Defect A horizontal grouping of more than 20 contiguous pixel defects along a single row Must be a minimum of 5 good rows between defective rows If row defect count is 0 then column defect...

Страница 14: ...ctromagnetic fields In addition avoid electrostatic charging violent vibration and excess moisture Though this camera supports hot plugging it is recommended that you power down and disconnect power t...

Страница 15: ...CLHS series frame grabbers or equivalent Follow the manufacturer s installation instructions For additional information on configuring frame grabbers see A GenICam compliant XML device description fil...

Страница 16: ...rge any static electrical charge by touching a grounded surface such as the metal computer chassis before performing handling the camera hardware Power Connector WARNING It is extremely important that...

Страница 17: ...le in order to reduce voltage drop Use high quality linear supplies in order to minimize noise Note If your power supply does not meet these requirements then the camera performance specifications are...

Страница 18: ...s waiting for a command Green solid Free running acquisition Green slow blinking Calibration in progress Orange slow blinking Camera initializing Color of CLHS Status LED Meaning Off No power or hardw...

Страница 19: ...Software and Hardware Setup Falcon 4 Camera User s Manual 17 P r e l i m i n a r y...

Страница 20: ...n with the camera Start a new Sapera CamExpert application or equivalent Camera Link compliant interface by double clicking the desktop icon created during the software installation CamExpert will sea...

Страница 21: ...Software and Hardware Setup Falcon 4 Camera User s Manual 19 P r e l i m i n a r y...

Страница 22: ...Setup Figure 7 Two CamExpert windows shown one connected to the frame grabber and one connected to the camera At this point you are ready to start operating the camera in order to acquire images set c...

Страница 23: ...ithout the need to run a separate acquisition program Click on any parameter and a short description is displayed below the Category pane The same context sensitive help is available by clicking on th...

Страница 24: ...Allows viewing or changing all acquisition parameters supported by the acquisition device CamExpert displays parameters only if those parameters are supported by the installed device This avoids conf...

Страница 25: ...s its requirement or complexity The states vary from Beginner features required for basic operation of the device to Guru optional features required only for complex operations CamExpert presents came...

Страница 26: ...sion sensor characteristics and so forth are read to uniquely identify the connected device The parameters used to select load and save user sets are grouped together under the Camera Information cate...

Страница 27: ...to the camera s non volatile memory using the User Set Save parameter Previously saved user setting User Set 1 to 3 or the factory settings can be restored using the User Set Selector and User Set Lo...

Страница 28: ...bration and save the coefficient set Change the FFC mode to ActiveAll Set the default selector to UserSet1 Save User Set 1 Power cycle the camera Reconnect to the camera through CamExpert The FFC mode...

Страница 29: ...u while the camera is not in acquisition mode Select live grab to see the pattern output The Test Pattern feature is available in the Image Format category Test Pattern Description Grey Horizontal Ram...

Страница 30: ...pixels and a vertical test pattern that repeats every 62 lines This test pattern can be used to test FPN correction PRNU This is the 2 times the sum of a horizontal test pattern that repeats every 64...

Страница 31: ...In the future the analog gain will be expressed as a multiplication factor It is applied at the sensor level before any FFC The increased gain increases the sensor s dynamic range but with a non propo...

Страница 32: ...ters including I O parameters Exposure Time and Frame Rate parameters Description Frame Rate Exposure Time Trigger Source Internal frame rate and exposure time Internal programmable Internal programma...

Страница 33: ...of EXSYNC marks the beginning of the exposure and the falling edge initiates readout Camera Features TriggerMode On ExposureMode Trigger Width Frame Time Frame Time Readout Time Readout Time Exposure...

Страница 34: ...maximum exposure time is dependent on the frame rate To increase maximum exposure time decrease the frame rate Trigger Modes The camera s image exposures are initiated by a trigger signal The trigger...

Страница 35: ...ming mode Frame rate takes priority over exposure time Maximum exposure time can be increased by lowering frame rate I O Block Diagram The following diagram describes the Input Output features of the...

Страница 36: ...Opto coupled input Each input incorporates a signal debounce circuit following the opto coupler to eliminate short noise transitions that could incorrectly be interpreted as a valid pulse The duratio...

Страница 37: ...ement of defective pixels hot dead blinking with a value based on neighborhood pixels The Flat Field correction features are grouped in the Advanced Processing category Correction Function Block Diagr...

Страница 38: ...ient and 14 bits for the FFCGain PRNU coefficient General Notes on FFC calibration The camera comes calibrated with two factory sets one for each shutter mode In addition to the factory calibrations t...

Страница 39: ...shadow used to be white spot While the dark spot can be potentially cleaned the white spot is an FFC artefact that can only be corrected by another FFC calibration How to do an FFC Setup in the Camera...

Страница 40: ...ions Set system gain All Digital to 1 and background subtract to 0 as these are the defaults during FFC calibration See GainSelector Gain BlackLevelSelector and BlackLevel 3 Select correction active s...

Страница 41: ...4 until both dark offset and 80 sat signal levels are equal on all cameras Defective Pixel Detection and Replacement The camera has two methods of replacing pixels Static pixel replacement uses the F...

Страница 42: ...a 3 From the File Selector drop menu select the camera memory location for the uploaded data This menu presents only the applicable data locations for the selected file type 4 Click the Browse button...

Страница 43: ...Technical Specifications Falcon 4 Camera User s Manual 41 Technical Specifications Mechanicals P r e l i m i n a r y...

Страница 44: ...42 Falcon 4 Camera User s Manual Technical Specifications Appendix E EMC Declaration of Conformity TBD P r e l i m i n a r y...

Страница 45: ...ters along with their view attribute Display Name Feature Values Description Standard View Device Vendor Name DeviceVendorName Displays the device vendor name RO Beginner Device Model Name DeviceModel...

Страница 46: ...and makes it active Disabled when flatfieldCorrectionMode Calibration W Beginner Save User Set UserSetSave Saves the current camera configuration to the user set specified by the User Set Selector fea...

Страница 47: ...ensor specific parameters Sensor Control Feature Descriptions The following table describes these parameters along with their view attribute Display Name Feature Values Description Standard View Devic...

Страница 48: ...ment to all digital channels or taps before flat field correction Digital After FFC DigitalAll2 Background Subtract Apply black level adjustment to all digital channels or taps after flat field correc...

Страница 49: ...nd Software Trigger TriggerSoftware Generate an internal trigger Available when the trigger mode is enabled and the trigger source is equal to Software Beginner Trigger Delay TriggerDelay Specifies th...

Страница 50: ...r actually starts exposing its pixels Slight delay after EXSYNC Pulse On End of Exposure PulseOnEndofExposure Generate a pulse when the sensor stops exposing its pixels Pulse On Start of Readout Pulse...

Страница 51: ...alue RO The order is Line1 LSB Line2 Line3 Line4 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Not used Line 4 Line 3 Line 2 Line 1 LSB Beginner Output Line Software Latch Control outputLineSoftwareLatchControl The software latch...

Страница 52: ...Factory Flat Field FactoryFlatfield2 Rolling Shutter Factory Flat Field It is not available for external mode and it is not available for smaller AOI than 2048 horonzatal Correction Algorithm flatfie...

Страница 53: ...on It is specified as a percentage of the output range for example 4096 DN for 12 bits Range is 0 to 100 as float Read Write when in Calibration Mode DFNC Expert Calibration Sample Size flatfieldCalib...

Страница 54: ...pixels and replaced This value can be adjusted to replace more or fewer pixels Possible values are 1 to 4 as float DFNC Guru Pixel Replacement Algorithm defectivePixelReplacementAlgorithm Selects the...

Страница 55: ...pixels detected in PRNU delta calibration DFNC Guru LUT Mode lutMode Enables or disables the linearization look up table correction DFNC Expert Off Off Disable linearization look up table Active Acti...

Страница 56: ...X OffsetX Horizontal offset from the Sensor Origin to the Area Of Interest in pixels Beginner Offset Y OffsetY Vertical offset from the Sensor Origin to the Area Of Interest in pixels Beginner Pixel F...

Страница 57: ...ount in frame summingCount Specifies the number of frames to sum Read Write when summingMode is Active Possible values are 2 to 8 in increments of 1 DFNC Guru Burst Mode summingBurst Enables camera su...

Страница 58: ...of the CLHS port used A CLHS port is defined as a command channel and may include the video channel carried by a cable RO Possible values are 0 to 4294967295 DFNC Beginner Avail Ports AvailPorts Numbe...

Страница 59: ...i e gain and offset Factory Global Flatfield FlatFieldCoefficientsFact1 A tiff containing the factory flat field correction coefficients for global shutter operation i e gain and offset Factory Rolli...

Страница 60: ...ationExecute Delete Delete Select the Delete operation executed by FileOperationExecute File Operation Execute FileOperationExecute Executes the operation selected by File Operation Selector on the se...

Страница 61: ...e hardware installation manual 2 Install Sapera LT and the Teledyne DALSA frame grabber driver 3 Connect the camera to the frame grabber refer to the camera installation manual 4 Start the CamExpert a...

Страница 62: ...ff mobile contamination using an ionized air gun Place the sensor under the microscope at a magnification of 5x to determine the location of any remaining contamination Clean the contamination on the...

Страница 63: ...time and is simply the average value for each pixel in the dark FPN delta is measured at current exposure time and is the average deviation from FPN base for each pixel in the dark Gain PRNU Calibrat...

Страница 64: ...than 1 then the number of clipped gain A large number of clipped pixels may indicate a poorly chosen target or exposure setting If the calculated pixel gain is not correctable i e greater than 4 it w...

Страница 65: ...nloaded uploaded as shown in the following figure LUT file format Byte Offset Name Value 0 Signature SAPERA_LUT 16 Version 20 Header size 24 Format For mono12 the value is 0x01000C00 For mono16 the va...

Страница 66: ...ded uploaded as shown in the following figure Byte Offset Name Value Note 0 Signature SAPERA_FFC 16 Version 20 Header size 24 Base OffsetBits Number of bits of FPN base component 9 28 PRNU Gain Bits N...

Страница 67: ...is PRNU The file downloaded to PC is a raw image file which combines each FPN base FPN delta and PRNU into a double word Teledyne Dalsa provides a standalone command line application FFC_Codec exe to...

Страница 68: ...Fax 978 670 2010 Teledyne DALSA GMBH Felix Wankel Str 1 82152 Krailling Germany Tel 49 89 89 54 57 3 80 Fax 49 89 89 54 57 3 46 Asian Sales Teledyne DALSA Asia Pacific Ikebukuro East 13F 3 4 3 Higashi...

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