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3. GENERAL FUNCTIONALITY
3.1
The charging process
All selectable charge programs, perform a three stage IUoUo charging process comprising of
a “Bulk” , an “Absorption”, and a “Float” stage. The image below visualizes the three stage
charging process:
When charger is turned on, it will start in the Bulk stage. In this stage the charger delivers full
output current and typically returns approximately 80% of charge back into the battery once
the absorption voltage is reached. When this voltage has been reached, the Absorption stage
will be entered. This stage will return the final 20% of charge to the battery. The output voltage
is kept at a constant level and the charge current decreases as a function of the battery's state
of charge. When the charge current has dropped below a certain value, the Float stage will
be entered. For lithium batteries, more than 80% of charge has been returned to the battery
already. So for this chemistry the Absorption stage will be relatively short.
In the Float stage the battery voltage will be held constant at a safe level for the battery.
It will maintain the battery in optimal condition for as long as the battery remains connected
to the activated charger. Connected battery loads will be directly powered by the charger
up to the charger's maximum output current level.
3.2
Charger operation using the main On/Off control input
In order to activate the charger, a positive (high) signal must be applied to the main On/Off
control input while DIP switch 4 must be in the Off position. In a vehicle application, this is
typically the engine run signal. After a short delay of a few seconds, the charger will normally
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