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User’s Manual

197

15.2  Using the Clock Spectrum Spreader

The spectrum spreader is very powerful for reducing EMI because it will reduce all sources 
of EMI above 100 MHz that are related to the clock by about 15 dB. This is a very large 
reduction since it is common to struggle to reduce EMI by 5 dB in order to pass government 
tests.

Figure 15-3.  Peak Spectral Amplitude Reduction from Spectrum Spreader

The spectrum spreader modulates the clock so as to spread out the spectrum of the clock 
and its harmonics. Since the government tests use a 120 kHz bandwidth to measure EMI, 
spreading the energy of a given harmonic over a wider bandwidth will decrease the 
amount of EMI measured for a given harmonic. The spectrum spreader not only reduces 
the EMI measured in government tests, but it will also often reduce the interference cre-
ated for radio and television reception. 

The spectrum spreader has three settings under software control (see Table 15-1 and 
Table 15-2): off, standard spreading and strong spreading. 

Two registers control the clock spectrum spreader. These registers must be loaded in a spe-
cific manner with proper time delays. GCM0R is only read by the spectrum spreader at the 
moment when the spectrum spreader is enabled by storing 080h in GCM1R. If GCM1R is 
cleared (when disabling the spectrum spreader), there is up to a 500-clock delay before the 
spectrum spreader is actually disabled. The proper procedure is to clear GCM1R, wait for 
500 clocks, set GCM0R, and then enable the spreader by storing 080h in GCM1R.

15dB

10

5

100

50

200

150

250

350

300

Normal Spreading

Strong Spreading

MHz

Содержание 3000

Страница 1: ...Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor User s Manual 019 0108 020426 A...

Страница 2: ...it Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes and improvements to its products without providing notice Trademarks Rabbit 3000 is a trademark of Rabbit Semiconductor Dynamic C is a registered tr...

Страница 3: ...t 18 2 3 2 Standard BIOS 19 2 4 Dynamic C Support for the Rabbit 19 Chapter 3 Details on Rabbit Microprocessor Features 21 3 1 Processor Registers 21 3 2 Memory Mapping 23 3 2 1 Extended Code Space 26...

Страница 4: ...ns 62 5 6 DC Characteristics 64 5 6 1 3 3 Volts 64 5 7 I O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking Limit 64 Chapter 6 Rabbit Internal I O Registers 65 6 1 Default Values for all the Peripheral Control Registers 6...

Страница 5: ...l Timing With Internal Clock 167 12 7 2 Clocked Serial Timing with External Clock 167 12 8 Synchronous Communications on Ports E and F 169 12 9 Serial Port Software Suggestions 173 12 9 1 Controlling...

Страница 6: ...Writing I O Registers 226 18 2 1 Using Assembly Language 226 18 2 2 Using Library Functions 226 18 3 Shadow Registers 227 18 3 1 Updating Shadow Registers 227 18 3 2 Interrupt While Updating Register...

Страница 7: ...ter 21 Instructions in Alphabetical Order With Binary Encoding 245 Appendix A 253 A 1 The Rabbit Programming Port 253 A 2 Use of the Programming Port as a Diagnostic Setup Port 254 A 3 Alternate Progr...

Страница 8: ...Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor...

Страница 9: ...language development system Dynamic C Z World is providing the soft ware development tools for the Rabbit 3000 The Rabbit 3000 is easy to use Hardware and software interfaces are as uncluttered and ar...

Страница 10: ...ry chips such as RAM and flash memory connect directly to the microprocessor with no glue logic A memory access time of 55 ns suffices to support up to a 30 MHz clock with no wait states with a 30 ns...

Страница 11: ...8 bit registers 3 for each direction of communication Independent strobes and interrupts are used to control the slave port in both directions Only a Rabbit and a RAM chip are needed to construct a c...

Страница 12: ...e cur rent is proportional to voltage and clock speed at 1 8 V and 3 84 MHz the current would be about 5 mA and at 1 MHz the current is reduced to about 1 mA To allow extreme low power operation there...

Страница 13: ...2 CS1 CS0 OE1 OE0 WE1 WE0 PA 7 0 PB 7 0 PC 7 0 PD 7 0 PE 7 0 TXA RXA CLKA ATXA ARXA TXB RXB CLKB ATXB ARXB TXC RXC CLKC TXD RXD CLKD ADDRESS BUS 8 bits RESOUT PF 7 0 PG 7 0 Asynch Serial Synch Serial...

Страница 14: ...used to create an intelligent peripheral or a slave processor For example protocol stacks can be off loaded to a Rabbit slave The master can be any processor The Rabbit can be cold booted so unprogram...

Страница 15: ...5 mm LQFP 10 x 10 x 1 2 mm TFBGA 24 18 x 3 mm PQFP Spacing between package pins 0 4 mm 16 mils LQFP 0 8 mm TFBGA 0 65 mm 26 mils PQFP Separate power and ground for I O buffers EMI reduction Yes No Clo...

Страница 16: ...t 3000 Microprocessor Serial ports with support for SDLC HDLC IrDA communications 2 None Maximum asynchronous baud rate clock speed 8 clock speed 32 Input capture unit 2 None Feature Rabbit 3000 Rabbi...

Страница 17: ...This is because the price of static memory has decreased to the point that it has become the preferred choice for medium scale embedded systems The Rabbit has no support for DMA direct memory access b...

Страница 18: ...ndingly reduced using built in hardware resulting in low power consumption by the memories The Rabbit external bus uses 2 clocks for read cycles and 3 clocks for write cycles This has many advantages...

Страница 19: ...e above 8 V The 5 V tolerant feature allows 5 V devices that have a suitable switching threshold to be directly connected to the Rabbit This includes HCT family parts operated at 5 V that have an inpu...

Страница 20: ...lock with the internal clock The clocked serial mode may be used to support SPI bus devices Serial Port A has special features It can be used to cold boot the system after reset Serial Port A is the n...

Страница 21: ...use an interrupt that can be used to set up the next bit to be output on the next timer pulse This feature can be used to generate precisely controlled pulses whose edges are positioned with high accu...

Страница 22: ...t Figure 2 3 Slave Port Data Paths The slave Rabbit can read the same registers as I O registers When incoming data bits are written into one of the registers status bits indicate which registers have...

Страница 23: ...ry bus is relieved of the capacitive load that would otherwise slow the memory For core modules based on the Rabbit 3000 fewer pins are required to exit the core module since the slave port and the I...

Страница 24: ...re recognized a start condition and a stop condition The start condition may be used to start counting and the stop condition to stop counting However the counter may also run continuously or run unti...

Страница 25: ...Once the phase relationship is known between the counters it is then possible to output pulses a precise time delay after an input pulse is captured provided that the time delay is great enough for th...

Страница 26: ...I O ring The I O ring located on the 4 edges of the die holds the bonding pads and the large transistors used to create the I O buffers that drive signals to the external world The core section inside...

Страница 27: ...and provides basic services for software run ning on the Rabbit 2 4 Dynamic C Support for the Rabbit Dynamic C is Z World s interactive C language development system Dynamic C runs on a PC under Windo...

Страница 28: ...20 Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor...

Страница 29: ...ition in the instruction set as the Z80 R register but its function is to point to an interrupt vector table for internally generated interrupts Figure 3 1 Rabbit Registers A F H L D E B C IX IY SP PC...

Страница 30: ...The addressing range is expanded by means of the memory mapping hardware see Memory Mapping on page 23 and by special instructions For most embedded applications 64K of data mem ory as opposed to cod...

Страница 31: ...resses The processor except for certain LDP instructions sees only a 16 bit address space That is it sees 65536 distinctly addressable bytes that its instructions can manipulate Three segment register...

Страница 32: ...startup code as well as other code that may happen to be stored there The data segment usage varies depending on the overall strategy for setting up memory It may be an extension of 10000 E000 D000 7...

Страница 33: ...orrespond to the normal control lines found on static mem ory chips chip select or CS output enable or OE and write enable or WE In order to generate these memory control signals the 20 bit address sp...

Страница 34: ...nstructions mod ify both the program counter PC and the XPC register causing the XPC window to point to a different part of memory where the target of the long jump call or return is located The XPC s...

Страница 35: ...ll require at least 12K of root code This amount of data space is sufficient for many embedded applications One approach to getting more data space is to place data in RAM or in flash memory that is n...

Страница 36: ...into a single root code segment In the D space the segments are separately mapped to flash and RAM to provide storage for con stant data and variable data The hardware method to achieve separate 20 bi...

Страница 37: ...accessed one at a time rather than randomly between all the groupings An example would be the software structures associated with a TCP IP communication protocol connection where the same code accesse...

Страница 38: ...aced using CS0 and one RAM memory chip interfaced using CS1 The smallest practical amount of flash is 128K and the smallest practical amount of RAM is 32K Smaller chips could be sup ported but such sm...

Страница 39: ...hen each task requires its own stack Since the stack has its own segment in 16 bit address space it is easy to use available RAM memory to support a large number of stacks When a pre emptive change of...

Страница 40: ...cks for each byte of the op code and for each data byte read Three clocks are needed for each data byte written One additional clock is required if a memory address needs to be computed or an index re...

Страница 41: ...d Immediate Data to a Register A constant that follows the op code in the instruction stream can generally be loaded to any register except PC IP and F Load to the PC is a jump instruction This includ...

Страница 42: ...gisters above or an immediate data byte LD HL r not a legal instruction LD r IX d r is any of 7 registers d is 128 to 127 offset LD r IX d same but alternate destination LD IX d r r is any of 7 regist...

Страница 43: ...any of HL DE BC 2 bytes 4 clocks LD dd DE LD IX HL LD IY HL LD HL IY LD HL IX LD SP HL 1 byte 2 clocks LD SP IX LD SP IY Other 16 bit register moves can be constructed by using 2 byte moves 3 3 5 Regi...

Страница 44: ...re ww is HL DE BC SP ADC HL ww ADD and ADD carry SBC HL ww sub and sub carry INC ww increment the register without affecting flags In the above op codes IX or IY can be substituted for HL The ADD and...

Страница 45: ...n HL SBC HL HL sets HL 0 if C 0 sets HL 0ffffh if C 1 BOOL HL HL 1 if C was set otherwise HL 0 convert not carry bit into boolean variable in HL SBC HL HL HL 0 if C 0 else HL ffff if C 1 INC HL HL 1 i...

Страница 46: ...LD DE n2 LD A b save sign of BC MUL form product in HL BC OR a test sign of BC multiplier JR p x1 if plus continue ADD HL DE adjust for negative sign in BC x1 RL DE test sign of DE JR nc x2 if not ne...

Страница 47: ...O address specified by the 16 bit memory address used For example IOI LD A 85h loads A register with contents of internal I O register at location 85h LD IY 4000h IOE LD HL IY 5 get word from externa...

Страница 48: ...HL 2 EXX 2 EX DE HL 2 Move between IX IY and DE DE IX IY DE DE IX IY IX IX DE EX DE HL LD HL IX IY LD IX IY HL EX DE HL 8 clocks total DE IX IY EX DE HL LD IX IY HL EX DE HL 8 clocks total 3 4 3 Mani...

Страница 49: ...these operations can be performed as follows assuming that the object is to set HL to 1 or 0 depending on whether the compare is true or false compute HL DE unsigned integers EX DE HL uncomment for DE...

Страница 50: ...no carry HL B B is constant not zero LD DE 65535 B ADD HL DE C if HL B CCF C if true SBC HL HL if C 1 else 0 INC HL 16 clocks 1 if true else 0 HL B B is zero true if HL 0 BOOL HL result in HL HL B and...

Страница 51: ...re 3 8 Mapping Signed Integers to Unsigned Integers by Inverting Bit 15 3 4 5 Atomic Moves from Memory to I O Space To avoid disabling interrupts while copying a shadow register to its target register...

Страница 52: ...nes do not affect the XPC interrupt routines must be located in the root code space However they can jump to the extended code space after saving the XPC on the stack 3 5 1 Interrupt Priority The Z80...

Страница 53: ...ations The effect of the processor priority on interrupts is shown in Table 3 1 The priority of the interrupt is usually established by bits in an I O control register associated with the hard ware th...

Страница 54: ...equest lines for the separate devices before they are or ed together The interrupt dis patcher calls the interrupt routines for all devices requesting interrupts in priority order so that all interrup...

Страница 55: ...not have an embed ded critical section If this code is nested there is the danger of overflowing the IP register A different version that can be nested is the following PUSH IP IPSET 1 save previous p...

Страница 56: ...c a JP HL In this case A has the new XPC and HL has the new PC This code should normally be executed in the root segment so as not to pull the memory out from under the JP HL instruction A call to a c...

Страница 57: ...e priority of the interrupt and the amount of time that other interrupt routines of the same or higher priority inhibit interrupts The first instruc tion of the interrupt routine will start executing...

Страница 58: ...in the range of 1 256 Timer B can count as fast as 10 MHz with a 20 MHz system clock allowing events to be separated by as little as 100 ns Timer B and the match registers have 10 bits Using Timer B o...

Страница 59: ...gure 4 2 A row is driven low then the col umns are scanned for a low input line which indicates a key is closed This is repeated for each row The advantage of using open drain outputs is that if two k...

Страница 60: ...e to either memory or to internal I O space The high bit of the address is set to specify the I O space and thus writes are limited to the first 32K of either space The cold boot is terminated by a st...

Страница 61: ...lso can do a write to the status register which is used as a signaling device and does not actually write to the status register The three registers that the master can write appear as read reg isters...

Страница 62: ...interrupt driven trans fer will be on the order of 100 clocks per byte transferred assuming a 20 instruction inter rupt routine To keep the interrupt routine to 20 instructions the interrupt routine...

Страница 63: ...D PC1 RXD VSSCORE VDDCORE PC2 TXC PC3 RXC PAC4 TXB PC5 RXB PC6 TXA PC7 RXA VDDIO VSSIO PF7 AQD2A PWM3 PF6 AQD2B PWM2 PF5 AQD1A PWM1 PF4 AQD1B PWM0 PB7 IA5 SLAVEATTN PB6 IA4 PB5 IA3 SA1 PB4 IA2 SA0 PB3...

Страница 64: ...s of the Rabbit 3000 LQFP package Figure 5 2 Mechanical Dimensions Rabbit LQFP Package 14 00 0 10 mm 16 00 0 25 mm 0 10 mm 0 15 mm 0 60 0 18 0 05 mm 0 40 mm 14 00 0 10 mm 16 00 0 25 mm 1 00 mm The sam...

Страница 65: ...9 Figure 5 3 PC Board Land Pattern for Rabbit 3000 128 pin LQFP 13 75 mm 16 85 mm 12 4 mm 15 3 mm 0 18 0 05 mm 0 40 mm 13 75 mm 16 85 mm 12 4 mm 15 3 mm 1 55 mm JT 0 29 0 55 mm Toe Fillet JH 0 29 0 60...

Страница 66: ...PB5 PB1 XTALA1 PA5 PA1 PF2 WE1 A19 STATUS OE0 A10 PB7 PB4 PB0 VSSIO PA4 PA0 VDDIO VSSIO OE1 CS0 VDDCORE VSSCORE D7 PB3 VDDIO PA7 PA3 A11 A9 A8 A13 D6 D5 D4 D3 A17 VDDCORE VSSCORE A14 D2 VSSIO VDDIO D...

Страница 67: ...ADDR 19 0 Output Address Bus various DATA 7 0 Bidirectional Data Bus 19 18 15 10 Status Control WDTOUT Output WDT Time Out 43 STATUS Output Instruction Fetch First Byte 4 SMODE 1 0 Input Bootstrap Mo...

Страница 68: ...124 127 PG 7 0 Input Output I O Port G 63 60 38 36 Power processor core VDDCORE 3 3V 8 24 72 88 Power Processor I O Ring VDDIO 3 3V 1 17 33 65 81 97 115 Power Battery Backup VBAT 3 3V or battery 47 G...

Страница 69: ...accessed Output enable and write enable are always delayed by one clock from the time the final stable address and chip select are enabled Normally the false memory access attempts to start another in...

Страница 70: ...0 PB 7 SLAVE_ATTNB IOAddr 5 PB 6 IOAddr 4 PB 5 IOAddr 3 SLAVE_AD 1 PB 4 IOAddr 2 SLAVE_AD 0 PB 3 IOAddr 1 SLAVE_RDB PB 2 IOAddr 0 SLAVE_WRB PB 1 CLKA CLKA PB 0 CLKB CLKB PC 7 n a RXA yes PC 6 TXA n a...

Страница 71: ...PF 6 PWM 2 QRD2_Q PF 5 PWM 1 QRD1_I yes PF 4 PWM 0 QRD1_Q PF 3 QRD2_I yes PF 2 QRD2_Q PF 1 CLKC QRD1_I CLKC yes PF 0 CLKD QRD1_Q CLKD PG 7 RXE yes PG 6 TXE PG 5 RCLKE RCLKE yes PG 4 TCLKE TCLKE PG 3...

Страница 72: ...the Rabbit I O buffers are capable of sourcing and sinking 6 mA preliminary of current per pin at full AC switching speed The limits are related to the maximum sustained current permitted by the meta...

Страница 73: ...User s Manual 65 6 RABBIT INTERNAL I O REGISTERS...

Страница 74: ...0h Parallel Port D No interrupts Parallel Port E No interrupts External I O Control No interrupts Pulse Width Modulator No interrupts Quadrature Decoder IIR 7 1 1 90h External Interrupts INT0 EIR 00h...

Страница 75: ...Register GOCR 0x0E W 00000000 MMU Instruction Data Register MMIDR 0x10 R W 00000000 MMU Common Base Register STACKSEG 0x11 R W 00000000 MMU Bank Base Register DATASEG 0x12 R W 00000000 MMU Common Bank...

Страница 76: ...W xxxxxxxx Port D Bit 3 Register PDB3R 0x6B W xxxxxxxx Port D Bit 4 Register PDB4R 0x6C W xxxxxxxx Port D Bit 5 Register PDB5R 0x6D W xxxxxxxx Port D Bit 6 Register PDB6R 0x6E W xxxxxxxx Port D Bit 7...

Страница 77: ...0 Input Capture Source 1 Register ICS1R 0x59 W xxxxxxxx Input Capture LSB 1 Register ICL1R 0x5A R xxxxxxxx Input Capture MSB 1 Register ICM1R 0x5B R xxxxxxxx Input Capture Trigger 2 Register ICT2R 0x5...

Страница 78: ...TC2R 0x04 R xxxxxxxx Real Time Clock Byte 3 Register RTC3R 0x05 R xxxxxxxx Real Time Clock Byte 4 Register RTC4R 0x06 R xxxxxxxx Real Time Clock Byte 5 Register RTC5R 0x07 R xxxxxxxx Timer A Control S...

Страница 79: ...rt A Extended Register SAER 0xC5 W 00000000 Serial Port B Data Register SBDR 0xD0 R W xxxxxxxx Serial Port B Address Register SBAR 0xD1 W xxxxxxxx Serial Port B Long Stop Register SBLR 0xD2 W xxxxxxxx...

Страница 80: ...E Control Register SECR 0xCC W xx000000 Serial Port E Extended Register SEER 0xCD W 000x000x Serial Port F Data Register SFDR 0xD8 R W xxxxxxxx Serial Port F Address Register SFAR 0xD9 W xxxxxxxx Seri...

Страница 81: ...oscillator circuit There are limitations on how low the oper ating power can be due to the requirement that the oscillator and time date clock share the same power pin making it impossible to restric...

Страница 82: ...clock peripheral clock Note peripherals cannot be clocked slower than processor external to Rabbit f 2 f 1 f 1 2 4 8 16 divider Reference design for 32 768 kHz oscillator enb internal to Rabbit clock...

Страница 83: ...errupt to be pending 4 2 xxx See table below for decode of this field 1 0 00 Periodic interrupts are disabled 01 Periodic interrupts use Interrupt Priority 1 10 Periodic interrupts use Interrupt Prior...

Страница 84: ...The values increase or decrease by 1 for each 5 C increase or decrease in temperature The doubled clock is created by xor ing the delayed and inverted clock with itself If the original clock does not...

Страница 85: ...of the clock are the memory and I O write pulses and the early option memory output enable The spectrum spreader either stretches or shrinks the low plateau of the clock by a maxi mum of 3 ns for the...

Страница 86: ...to the clock frequency and for this reason power can be reduced by slowing the clock when less computing activity is taking place The clock doubler provides a convenient method of temporarily speedin...

Страница 87: ...a greater effect in reducing the peak spectral strength as shown in the figure below Figure 7 3 Reduction in Peak Spectral Strength from Spectrum Spreader In the normal spectrum spreading mode the ma...

Страница 88: ...one wait state and the clock is divided by 6 then the memory bus cycle will be 18 undivided clocks long and the duty cycle will be 2 18 1 9 with the short chip select option enabled When the 32 768 kH...

Страница 89: ...nd should not be used 100 296nS self timed chip selects 192nS best case 457nS worst case 101 234nS self timed chip selects 151nS best case 360nS worst case 110 171nS self timed chip selects 111nS best...

Страница 90: ...000 Microprocessor Figure 7 4 Short Chip Select Memory Read Figure 7 5 Self Timed Chip Select Memory Read Cycle clock ADDR DATA T1 T2 Valid MEMOExB MEMCSxB 32KHz ADDR DATA T1 T2 Valid Valid MEMOExB ME...

Страница 91: ...vided by 2 10 CLK pin is low 11 CLK pin is high 5 4 00 STATUS pin is active low during a first opcode byte fetch 01 STATUS pin is active low during an interrupt acknowledge 10 STATUS pin is low 11 STA...

Страница 92: ...p is powered down This design makes battery backup possible Since the processor operates on a different clock than the RTC there is the possibility of performing a transfer to the holding registers wh...

Страница 93: ...RTC counter disable the byte increment function or cancel the RTC reset command except code 80h 40h Arm RTC for a reset with code 80h or reset and byte increment function with code 0c0h 80h Resets all...

Страница 94: ...throughout his program because such instructions can become part of an endless loop if the program crashes and thus disable the recovery ability given by having a watch dog The following is a suggest...

Страница 95: ...checksums If these go wrong go into an endless loop with interrupts off Table 7 8 Watchdog Timer Test Register WDTTR adr 09h Bit s Value Description 7 0 51h Clock the least significant byte of the WDT...

Страница 96: ...mpedance during reset and during power down when only VBAT is pow ered to allow an external RAM connected to CS1 to be powered by VBAT This is possi ble because the CS1 pin is powered by VBAT In this...

Страница 97: ...e table for very small interrupt routines Interrupts have priority 1 2 or 3 The processor operates at priority 0 1 2 or 3 If an inter rupt is being requested and its priority is higher than the priori...

Страница 98: ...coder Read the status from the QDSR Timer B Read the status from the TBSR Timer A Read the status from the TASR Input Capture Read the status from the ICCSR Slave Port Rd Read the data from the SPD0R...

Страница 99: ...processor priority then there will be only one interrupt for the two edges detected The interrupt service routine can read the interrupt pins via Parallel Port E and determine which lines experienced...

Страница 100: ...rocessor that it is requesting an interrupt A separate signal line is needed for each device so that the proces sor can determine which devices are requesting an interrupt The following code shows how...

Страница 101: ...tes and bytes must be transferred often enough to prevent the watchdog timer from timing out Bootstrap operation is terminated when the SMODE pins are set to zero The SMODE pins are sampled just prior...

Страница 102: ...ter the reset ends and the bootstrap mode begins TXA will be low reflecting its function as a parallel port output bit that is cleared by the reset This may be interpreted as a break signal by some se...

Страница 103: ...g this value in each quadrant To get the exact High time the Pulse Width Modulator uses the two LSBs of the pulse width register to modify the High time in each quadrant according to the table below T...

Страница 104: ...6 counts 64 counts 64 counts 64 counts 64 counts 65 counts 64 counts 64 counts 64 counts n 257 spread 65 counts 64 counts 65 counts 64 counts n 258 spread 65 counts 65 counts 65 counts 64 counts n 259...

Страница 105: ...condition and the Stop condi tion Each of these two inputs can be programmed to come from one of four bits bits 1 3 5 or 7 in Parallel Port C D F or G The two inputs can come from the same or differe...

Страница 106: ...inputs for the Start and Stop condition allows time delay measurements between two signals This is the mode to use for high speed pulse measurement because only one count latch is available and it ma...

Страница 107: ...ing the disable state The operation of the counter as a function of the I and Q inputs is shown below The Quadrature decoders are clocked by the output of Timer A10 giving a maximum clock rate of one...

Страница 108: ...crements from FFh to 00h or when the counter decrements from 00h to FFh The timing for the interrupt is shown below Note that the status bits in the QDSR are set coincident with the interrupt and the...

Страница 109: ...ttery backing of static RAM When the processor power is removed but battery power is supplied to the battery power pin VBAT CS1 is held in a high impedance state This allows a pull up resistor to the...

Страница 110: ...102 Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor Figure 8 2 Typical Memory Chip Connection Rabbit 3000 data lines 8 address Lines 20 CS WE OE CS0 CS1 CS2 OE0 OE1 WE0 WE1 static memory CS WE OE static memory flash RAM...

Страница 111: ...nd thus vanish from the memory map The four segments are shown in the example in Figure 8 4 The segment size register SEGSIZE determines the boundaries marked in the diagram The extended code seg ment...

Страница 112: ...create a 20 bit address Wraparound occurs if the addition would result in an address that does not fit in 20 bits Table 8 1 Segment Registers Segment Register Function XPC Locates extended code segme...

Страница 113: ...patched to the memory chips connected to the Rabbit There are three separate chip select output lines CS0 CS1 and CS2 that can be used to select one of three different memory chips A field in the cont...

Страница 114: ...ages of 256K each There is no effect outside the quadrant that the memory bank control register is controlling Table 8 3 Memory Bank Control Register x MBxCR 14h x Memory Bank x Control Register MB0CR...

Страница 115: ...ms that are pushing the access time of battery backed RAM By enabling CS1 the delay time of the switch that forces CS1 high when power is off can be bypassed This feature increases power consumption s...

Страница 116: ...Value Description 7 3 These bits are ignored for write and return zeros when read 2 0 0xx Normal operation 100 For an XPC access use MB0CR independent of A19 A18 101 For an XPC access use MB1CR indep...

Страница 117: ...starts above the root code and data Allocation normally con tinues to the end of the flash memory Data variables are allocated to RAM working backwards in memory Allocation normally starts at 52K in...

Страница 118: ...s inversion occurs after the quadrant has been selected The inversion of A19 or A16 controlled by the MMIDR register on D space accesses is used to separate I and D space to different memory locations...

Страница 119: ...ive size of the 2 parts depends on the lower 4 bits of the SEG SIZE register which defines the 4k page boundary between the root segment and the data segment Figure 8 5 Combined versus Separate I D Sp...

Страница 120: ...ss these regardless of the state of the user program The Dynamic C debugger vari ables are kept at the top of the data segment starting at 52k and working down in memory The user program variables are...

Страница 121: ...ith The 16 bit PC controls the address of the instruction usually in the region E000 to FFFF The advantage of paged access is that most instructions continue to use 16 bit addressing Only when an out...

Страница 122: ...114 Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor...

Страница 123: ...rol for pulse gen eration Port E All bits of Port E can be configured as I O strobes 4 bits of port E can be used as external interrupt inputs One bit of port E is shared with the slave port chip sele...

Страница 124: ...an output store 084h in SPCR Parallel Port A is set up as an input port on reset When the port is read the value read reflects the voltages on the pins 1 for high and 0 for low This could be differen...

Страница 125: ...PB6 and PB7 this signal is on the signaling lines from the slave port logic Regardless of whether the slave port is enabled PB0 reflects the input of the pin unless Serial Port B has its internal cloc...

Страница 126: ...icated outputs as serial port outputs When serving as serial inputs the data lines can still be read from the Parallel Port C data register The parallel port outputs can be selected to be serial port...

Страница 127: ...ction register is zeroed making all pins inputs In addition certain bits in the control register are zeroed bits 0 1 4 5 to ensure that data is clocked into the output registers when loaded All other...

Страница 128: ...Microprocessor Figure 9 1 Parallel Port D Block Diagram PD7 PD4 I O Data perclk 2 Timer A1 Timer B1 Timer B2 perclk 2 Timer A1 Timer B1 Timer B2 PD3 PD0 ATXA ATXB ARXA ARXB PD5 PD6 inputs Driver opti...

Страница 129: ...out dir out dir out dir out PDB0R W adr 068h x x x x x x x PD0 PDB1R W adr 069h x x x x x x PD1 x PDB2R W adr 06Ah x x x x x PD2 x x PDB3R W adr 06Bh x x x x PD3 x x x PDB4R W adr 06Ch x x x PD4 x x...

Страница 130: ...e corresponding pin an open drain output if that pin is set up for output Write only PDFR Parallel Port D function control register This port may be used to make port positions 4 and 6 be serial port...

Страница 131: ...the port E outputs can be configured as an I O strobe In addition four of the port E lines can be used as interrupt request inputs The output registers are cas caded and timer controlled making it pos...

Страница 132: ...are reset to zero On reset the data direction register and function register are zeroed making all pins inputs and disabling the alternate output functions In addition certain bits in the control regi...

Страница 133: ...x x PE0 PEB1R W adr 079h x x x x x x PE1 x PEB2R W adr 07Ah x x x x x PE2 x x PEB3R W adr 07Bh x x x x PE3 x x x PEB4R W adr 07Ch x x x PE4 x x x x PEB5R W adr 07Dh x x PE5 x x x x x PEB6R W adr 07Eh...

Страница 134: ...used in the clocked serial mode two pins of Parallel Port F are used to carry the serial clock signals When the internal clock is selected in these serial ports the corresponding bit of Parallel Port...

Страница 135: ...control register This register is used to control the clocking of the upper and lower nibble of the final output register of the port On reset bits 0 1 4 and 5 are reset to zero On reset the data dir...

Страница 136: ...F As inputs Port G can carry the data and clock inputs for these two serial ports The following registers are described in Table 9 17 and in Table 9 18 Table 9 16 Parallel Port G Registers Register N...

Страница 137: ...Port F control register This register is used to control the clocking of the upper and lower nibble of the final output register of the port On reset bits 0 1 4 and 5 are reset to zero On reset the d...

Страница 138: ...130 Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor...

Страница 139: ...the eight I O strobes is active for addresses occupying 1 8th of the 64K external I O address space Figure 10 1 External I O Bus Cycles Table 10 1 shows how the eight I O bank control registers are or...

Страница 140: ...es are two clocks long The I O strobes greatly simplify the interfacing of external devices On reset the upper 5 bits of each register are cleared Parallel Port E will not output these signals unless...

Страница 141: ...ons but it cannot generate the baud clock Timer B is more flexible when it can be used because the program can read the time from a continu ously running counter and events can be programmed to occur...

Страница 142: ...on the negative edge of this pulse When the counter reaches zero the reload register is loaded on the next input pulse instead of a count being performed The reload registers may be reloaded at any t...

Страница 143: ...ke place as soon as priorities allow However if the bit is cleared before the interrupt is latched the bit will not cause an interrupt The proper rule to follow is for the interrupt routine to handle...

Страница 144: ...2 Timer A Capabilities Timer Cascade Interrupt Dedicated connection A1 none yes Parallel Ports D G Timer B A2 from A1 yes Serial Port E A3 from A1 yes Serial Port F A4 from A1 yes Serial Port A A5 fro...

Страница 145: ...as possible and consume minimum power As for general purpose timers Timer A has seven separate subtimer units A1 and A2 A7 that are also referred to as timers Most likely if a serial port is going to...

Страница 146: ...e If a periodic clock is desired it is probably not important when the first clock takes place unless a phase relationship is desired relative to a different timers A phase relationship between two ti...

Страница 147: ...advanced to the next match register when the match pulse is generated Every time a match condition occurs the processor sets an internal bit that marks the match value in TBLxR as invalid Reading TBCS...

Страница 148: ...e clocked parallel ports are being used then a value will normally be loaded into some bits of the parallel port register These bits will become the output bits on the next match pulse It is neces sar...

Страница 149: ...gister TBCMR at address 0BEh and the lower 8 bits are in TBCLR at address 0BFh both registers can be read with a single 16 bit I O instruction The following sequence illustrates how the regis ters cou...

Страница 150: ...142 Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor...

Страница 151: ...ial port signals Table 12 1 Serial Port Signals Serial Port Signal Name Function Serial Port A TXA Serial Transmit Out RXA Serial Transmit In CLKA Clock for clocked mode bidirectional ATXA Alternate s...

Страница 152: ...ock RCLKF Optional external receive clock Table 12 1 Serial Port Signals continued Serial Port Signal Name Function Serial Port A Timer A4 Serial Port B Timer A5 TXA RXA TXB RXB CLKA CLKB Input to tim...

Страница 153: ...data bits may be transmitted and received in the asynchronous mode The so called 9th bit or address bit mode of operation is also supported The 9th bit can be set high or low by accessing the appropr...

Страница 154: ...om the data register LSB first The control regis ter is used to set the transmit and receive parameters The status register may be tested to check on the operation of the serial port Figure 12 2 Funct...

Страница 155: ...ers can divide the frequency by any number from 1 to 256 see Chapter 11 The input frequency to the timers can be selected in different ways described in the documentation for the timers One choice is...

Страница 156: ...xC5 W 00000000 Table 12 3 Serial Port B Registers Register Name Mnemonic I O Address R W Reset Serial Port B Data Register SBDR 0xD0 R W xxxxxxxx Serial Port B Address Register SBAR 0xD1 W xxxxxxxx Se...

Страница 157: ...Port E Data Register SEDR 0xC8 R W xxxxxxxx Serial Port E Address Register SEAR 0xC9 W xxxxxxxx Serial Port E Long Stop Register SELR 0xCA W xxxxxxxx Serial Port E Status Register SESR 0xCB R 0xx00000...

Страница 158: ...Description 7 0 Read Returns the contents of the receive buffer In Clocked Serial mode reading the data from this register automatically causes the receiver to start a byte receive operation the curre...

Страница 159: ...2 SDLR Address 0xF2 SELR Address 0xCA SFLR Address 0xDA Bit s Value Description 7 0 Read Returns the contents of the receive buffer Write Loads the transmit buffer with an address byte marked with a o...

Страница 160: ...eceive buffer was not overrun 1 This bit is set if the receiver is overrun This happens if the shift register and the data register are full and a start bit is detected This bit is cleared when the re...

Страница 161: ...e receive buffer was overrun This bit is cleared by reading the receive buffer 4 0 This bit is always zero in clocked serial mode 3 0 The transmit buffer is empty 1 The transmit buffer is not empty Th...

Страница 162: ...ffer is empty 1 The transmit buffer is not empty The serial port will request an interrupt when the transmitter takes a byte from the transmit buffer unless the byte is marked as the last in the frame...

Страница 163: ...ansmit operation and a byte receive operation simultaneously 5 4 00 Parallel Port C is used for input 01 Parallel Port D is used for input 1x Disable the receiver input 3 2 00 Async mode with 8 bits p...

Страница 164: ...art a byte transmit operation and a byte receive operation simultaneously 5 0 Enable the receiver input 1 Disable the receiver input 4 x This bit is ignored 3 2 00 8 bits per character 01 7 bits per c...

Страница 165: ...with 8 bits per character 01 Async mode with 7 bits per character In this mode the most significant bit of a byte is ignored for transmit and is always zero in receive data 10 HDLC mode with external...

Страница 166: ...xxx These bits are ignored in async mode 4 0 Normal async data encoding 1 Enable RZI coding 3 16ths bit cell IRDA compliant 3 0 Normal Break operation This option should be selected when address bits...

Страница 167: ...synchronized clocked serial uses Timer B2 5 4 00 Normal clocked serial clock polarity inactive High Internal or external clock 01 Normal clocked serial clock polarity inactive Low Internal clock only...

Страница 168: ...phase Level Manchester data encoding for HDLC receiver and transmitter 110 Biphase Space data encoding for HDLC receiver and transmitter 111 Biphase Mark data encoding for HDLC receiver and transmitte...

Страница 169: ...ure 12 3 Generation of Serial Port Interrupts The receive interrupt request flip flop is set after the stop bit is sampled on receive nomi nally 1 2 of the way through the stop bit Data bits are trans...

Страница 170: ...ata register empty This causes an interrupt request The interrupt routine normally answers the interrupt before the shift register runs dry 9 to 11 baud clocks depending on the mode of operation The i...

Страница 171: ...t if enabled is requested On receive an interrupt is requested when the receiver data register has data This hap pens when data bits are transferred from the receive shift register to the data registe...

Страница 172: ...llup resistor is needed on the clock line to prevent spurious clocks while neither party is driving the clock Figure 12 5 Clock Polarities Supported in Clocked Serial Mode In clocked serial mode the s...

Страница 173: ...ceive will be initiated without pausing the clock To do this the interrupt has to be ser viced within 1 2 clock To transmit each byte in external clock mode the user must load the data register and th...

Страница 174: ...he data rate slows to 40 000 bytes per second If it can answer in 3 5 clocks or 8 75 s the data rate will slow to 36 363 bytes per second and so forth If two way half duplex communication is desired t...

Страница 175: ...2 Clocked Serial Timing with External Clock In a system where the Rabbit serial clock is generated by an external device the clock sig nal has to be synchronized with the internal peripheral clock pe...

Страница 176: ...with External Clock Mode 00 When clocking the Rabbit externally the maximum serial clock frequency is limited by the amount of time required to synchronize the external clock with the Rabbit perclk If...

Страница 177: ...ritten to the address register or long stop register Writing to the address register appends an zero address bit to the data while writing to the long stop register appends an one address bit to the d...

Страница 178: ...ing for the data Status bits are buffered along with the data in both receiver and transmitter The receiver automati cally generates an interrupt at the end of a received frame and the transmitter gen...

Страница 179: ...a transition occurs earlier or later than expected the count will be modified during the next count cycle If the transition occurs earlier than expected it means that the bit cell boundaries are early...

Страница 180: ...etween the sending data rate and the DPLL output clock rate is 1 16 6 With Biphase data encoding the DPLL is designed to work in multiple access conditions where there may not be Flags on an idle line...

Страница 181: ...on and immedi ately synchronizes to this transition No clock output is provided to the receiver during the search operation Decoding Biphase Level data requires that the data be sampled at either the...

Страница 182: ...circum stances one or more serial ports can be configured to use a higher priority interrupt There is an exception to be aware of when a serial port has to operate at an extremely high speed At 115 20...

Страница 183: ...a power of two in length then anding a mask after the increment The actual memory address is the pointer plus a buffer base address 12 9 1 Controlling an RS 485 Driver and Receiver RS 485 uses a half...

Страница 184: ...es 12 9 4 Using A Serial Port to Generate a Periodic Interrupt A serial port may be used to generate a periodic interrupt by continuously transmitting characters Since the Tx output via Parallel Port...

Страница 185: ...each character for a 9th bit low The 9th bit or parity bit is low if bit 6 of the serial port status register SxSR is set to a 1 after the character is received If the 9th bit is not a zero then the...

Страница 186: ...onnected after the address byte Some microprocessor serial ports have a wake up mode of operation In this mode char acters without the 9th bit set to 1 are ignored and no interrupt is generated When t...

Страница 187: ...the transmitter and receiver operate at approximately the same baud rate there can be a difference of up to about 5 between their baud rates Thus the receiver full and transmitter empty interrupts wi...

Страница 188: ...180 Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor...

Страница 189: ...lly it is an independent device that is used to communicate between the two processors A diagram of the slave port is shown in Figure 13 1 Figure 13 1 Rabbit Slave Port The slave port has three data r...

Страница 190: ...reg ister is written to and the flag is set to a 0 when the register is read The registers appear to be internal I O registers to the slave To the master at least for a Rabbit master the registers app...

Страница 191: ...r Either side that is interrupted can clear the signal that is causing an interrupt request by writ ing to the slave port status register The data bits are ignored but the flip flop that is the source...

Страница 192: ...e slaves Each Rabbit in Figure 13 4 has to have RAM memory The master must also have flash memory However the slaves do not need nonvolatile memory since the master can cold boot them over the slave p...

Страница 193: ...write requests unless the chip select is low If a Rabbit is used as a master this line can be connected to one of the master s programmable chip select lines I0 I7 SRD Input If SCS is also low this li...

Страница 194: ...ed number of lifetime writes to flash memory The slaves reset in Figure 13 4 is under the program control of the master If the master is reset the slave will also be reset because the master s drive o...

Страница 195: ...ly if SMODE1 SMODE0 lines are set to 0 1 after the reset ends This features disables the normal operation of the processor and causes commands to be accepted via the slave port register SPD0R These co...

Страница 196: ...nvironment is controlled the serial protocol is simpler and faster than if error correction needs to be taken into account 13 3 1 Slave Applications Motion Controller Many types of motion control requ...

Страница 197: ...lave response to each character If the master is to be interrupted to acknowledge each character the slave can create an interrupt in the master by storing a dummy character in SPD0R to cre ate a mast...

Страница 198: ...the slave writes to SPD0R Typically the slave will write to SPD0R when there is a change of status on one of the serial ports The slave can interrupt the master at any time by storing to SPD0R It wil...

Страница 199: ...the startup procedure If the clock is battery backed there will be no startup delay since the oscillator is already oscillating The startup delay may be as much as 5 seconds Crys tals with low series...

Страница 200: ...e When this is done the power consumption is decreased dramatically The current consumption is often reduced to the region of 100 A at this clock speed The Rabbit executes about 6 instructions per mil...

Страница 201: ...r is measured by using a quasi peak detector in the spectrum analyzer The quasi peak detector has a charge time constant of 1 ms and a discharge time constant of 550 ms In this manner the peak radiate...

Страница 202: ...s typically operate at lower frequencies with slower rise times than the core logic Noise on the power supply rails in the I O ring will be passed through the buff ers and appear on the output pins In...

Страница 203: ...re most troublesome for creating unintentional radiation are generally frequencies in the range of 100 300 MHz Lower frequencies are more easily attenuated by decoupling capacitors and do not radiate...

Страница 204: ...ar the package or at least minimizing the load capac tance This will reduce the current switched at the clock frequency or at 1 2 the clock fre quency Of course a series resistor will slow rise time p...

Страница 205: ...nic The spectrum spreader not only reduces the EMI measured in government tests but it will also often reduce the interference cre ated for radio and television reception The spectrum spreader has thr...

Страница 206: ...ns If the input oscillator frequency is 4 MHz or less the spectrum spreader modulation of fre quency will enter the audio range of 20 kHz or less and may generate an audible whistle in FM stations For...

Страница 207: ...ect of a pure harmonic on TV reception is to create a herringbone pattern created by a harmonic falling within the station s band If the spreader is engaged the pattern will disappear unless the stati...

Страница 208: ...200 Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor...

Страница 209: ...bbit 3000 are output synchronized with the internal clock The internal clock is closely synchronized with the external clock CLK that may be optionally output from pin 2 of the TQFP package The delay...

Страница 210: ...ve The shortening takes place by shortening the high part of the clock If the doubler is not enabled then every clock is shortened during the low part of the clock period The maxi mum shortening for a...

Страница 211: ...ocks per bus cycle plus any wait states that might be specified Figure 16 2 Memory Read and Write Cycles Tadr Tadr Memory Read no wait states CLK A 19 0 Memory Write no extra wait states CLK A 19 0 va...

Страница 212: ...ys were measured See Table 16 2 for delays at other voltages Table 16 3 Memory Read Time Delays Time Delay Output Capacitance 30 pF 60 pF 90 pF Clock to address delay Tadr 6 ns 8 ns 11 ns Clock to mem...

Страница 213: ...no extra wait states CLK A 15 0 External I O Write no extra wait states CLK A 15 0 IORD valid T1 Tw T1 Tw T2 valid T2 BUFEN IOCSx IOWR BUFEN D 7 0 valid Tsetup Thold CSx IOCSx TCSx TIOCSx TIORD TBUFE...

Страница 214: ...ges Table 16 5 I O Read Time Delays Time Delay Output Capacitance 30 pF 60 pF 90 pF Clock to address delay Tadr 6 ns 8 ns 11 ns Clock to memory chip select delay TCSx 6 ns 8 ns 11 ns Clock to I O chip...

Страница 215: ...to the clock spectrum spreader from 2T Example clock 29 49 MHz T 34 ns operating voltage is 3 3 V bus loading is 60 pF address to output time 8 ns see Table 16 2 data setup time 1 ns the spectrum spr...

Страница 216: ...ubject to variation arising from process variation operating voltage and temperature Minimum and maximum clock low times for various doubler settings are given in the formulas and in the graph below M...

Страница 217: ...the asymmetery of the original oscillator clock Example Clock 29 49 MHz T 34 ns operating voltage is 3 3 V the clock doubler has a nominal delay of 16 ns resulting in a minimum clock low time of 12 8...

Страница 218: ...um spreader is enabled clock periods are shortened by a small amount depending on whether the normal or the strong spreader setting is used and depending on the operating voltage If the clock doubler...

Страница 219: ...llator delayed and inverted Doubled clock Delay time 48 52 P 0 48P 0 52P 0 48P 0 52P Data out Example Write Cycle write pulse early write pulse option Example Read Cycle Address CS Address CS output e...

Страница 220: ...assumed for cal culating the current consumption estimates below A crystal frequency of 3 6864 MHz is a good choice for a low power system consuming between 2 and 18 mA at 3 3 V as the clock frequency...

Страница 221: ...ure 16 8 Rabbit 3000 System Current vs Frequency at 3 3 V 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Clock Frequency MHz I mA xtal 25 80 xtal 14 74 xtal 11 05 xtal 3 68 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 10...

Страница 222: ...mption consists of the processor core the external recom mended external tiny logic 32 kHz oscillator and the memory The oscillator consumes 17 A at 3 3 V and this drops rapidly to about 2 A at 1 8 V...

Страница 223: ...her component and becomes negligible at 1 4 V 3 The current consumed by the built in main oscillator when turned on This current is proportional to Vc above and is equal to 1 mA at 3 3 V 4 The current...

Страница 224: ...s given by Itotal 0 32 V f 0 23 Vc f 5 Vc where f is in kHz V is the operating voltage and Vc V V 2 0 7 Leakage the standby current of the reset generator the current consumption of the oscilla tor an...

Страница 225: ...elect duty cycle The dynamic part is computed using 0 5 f in mA where f is the bus speed in MHz At 0 46 MHz 3 68 MHz 8 and using a short chip select the duty cycle is about 10 giving a static current...

Страница 226: ...V2 0 31 V Generally the oscillator will not start unless the voltage is about 1 4 V However the oscil lator will continue to run until the voltage drops to about 0 8 V If the oscillator stops the curr...

Страница 227: ...ure 16 11 Reduced Power External Main Oscillator Table 16 7 lists results for the reduced power external oscillator with no current limiting resistors Design Recommendations Add current limiting resis...

Страница 228: ...220 Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor...

Страница 229: ...rom the user s application It occupies space at the bot tom of the root code segment When execution of the user s program starts at address zero on power up or reset it starts in the BIOS When Dynamic...

Страница 230: ...s possible to substitute a different periodic interrupt This alternative is not supported by Z World since the cost of connecting a crys tal is very small The periodic interrupt keeps the interrupts t...

Страница 231: ...virtual watchdogs for other code that must be run periodically If hits to the hardware watchdog are scattered through a program then it may be possible for the code to enter an endless loop where the...

Страница 232: ...224 Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor...

Страница 233: ...up an endless loop to determine when to exit sleepy mode A routine updateTimers is pro vided to update the system timer variables by directly reading the real time clock and to hit the watchdog while...

Страница 234: ...lable to read and write I O registers These functions are pro vided for convenience For speed assembly code is recommended For a complete description of the functions noted in this section refer to th...

Страница 235: ...I O register A NULL pointer may replace the pointer to a shadow register as an argument to WrPortI and WrPortE the shadow register associated with the port will not be updated A pointer to the shadow...

Страница 236: ...he data bits written are ignored For example a write to the status register in the Rabbit serial ports is used to clear the transmitter interrupt request but the data bits are ignored and the status r...

Страница 237: ...ame oscillator as the real time clock there is no relative gain or loss of time between the two A millisecond timer variable MS_TIMER is also maintained by the Virtual Driver Two utility routines are...

Страница 238: ...230 Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor...

Страница 239: ...age 236 16 bit Arithmetic and Logical Ops on page 236 8 bit Arithmetic and Logical Ops on page 237 8 bit Bit Set Reset and Test on page 238 8 bit Increment and Decrement on page 238 8 bit Fast A regis...

Страница 240: ...IOI and IOE affect source S Z L V The L V logical overflow flag serves a dual purpose L V is set to 1 for logical operations if any of the four most significant bits of the result are 1 and L V is res...

Страница 241: ...carry 100 LZ logical zero 101 LO logical one 110 P sign plus 111 M sign minus Logical zero if all four of the most significant bits of the result are 0 Logical one if any of the four most significant...

Страница 242: ...I S Z V C Operation LD A BC 6 r s A BC LD A DE 6 r s A DE LD BC A 7 d BC A LD DE A 7 d DE A LD HL n 7 d HL n LD HL r 6 d HL r B C D E H L A LD r HL 5 r s r HL LD IX d n 11 d IX d n LD IX d r 10 d IX d...

Страница 243: ...a 64K page boundary Since the LDP instruc tion operates on two byte values the second byte will wrap around and be written at the start of the page if you try to read or write across a page boundary T...

Страница 244: ...n ADD SP d 4 f SP SP d d 0 to 255 POP IP 7 IP SP SP SP 1 POP IX 9 IXL SP IXH SP 1 SP SP 2 POP IY 9 IYL SP IYH SP 1 SP SP 2 POP zz 7 r zzl SP zzh SP 1 SP SP 2 zz BC DE HL AF PUSH IP 9 SP 1 IP SP SP 1 P...

Страница 245: ...DE 4 f L 0 IY IY DE RL DE 2 fr L CY DE DE CY left shift with CF RR DE 2 fr L DE CY CY DE RR HL 2 fr L HL CY CY HL RR IX 4 f L IX CY CY IX RR IY 4 f L IY CY CY IY SBC HL ss 4 fr V HL HL ss CY cout if s...

Страница 246: ...instruction output inverted carry C is set if A B if the oper ation or virtual operation is A B Carry is cleared if A B SUB outputs carry in opposite sense from SBC and CP 19 11 8 bit Bit Set Reset an...

Страница 247: ...L HL 6 0 HL 7 CY HL 7 RLC IX d 13 f b L IX d IX d 6 0 IX d 7 CY IX d 7 RLC IY d 13 f b L IY d IY d 6 0 IY d 7 CY IY d 7 RLC r 4 fr L r r 6 0 r 7 CY r 7 RR HL 10 f b L HL CY CY HL RR IX d 13 f b L IX d...

Страница 248: ...on clk A I S Z V C Operation LDD 10 d DE HL BC BC 1 DE DE 1 HL HL 1 LDDR 6 7i d if BC 0 repeat LDI 10 d DE HL BC BC 1 DE DE 1 HL HL 1 LDIR 6 7i d if BC 0 repeat If any of the block move instructions a...

Страница 249: ...mn LRET 13 PCL SP PCH SP 1 XPC SP 2 SP SP 3 RET 8 PCL SP PCH SP 1 SP SP 2 RET f 8 2 if f PCL SP PCH SP 1 SP SP 2 RETI 12 IP SP PCL SP 1 PCH SP 2 SP SP 3 RST v 10 SP 1 PCH SP 2 PCL SP SP 2 PC R v v 10...

Страница 250: ...er growing stack RETI pops IP from stack and then pops return address The instruction reti can be used to set both the return address and the IP in a single instruction If preceded by a LD XPC a compl...

Страница 251: ...a practical op code The codes that are concerned with decimal arithmetic DAA RRD and RLD could be simulated but the simulation is very inefficient The bit in the status register used for half carry i...

Страница 252: ...LD A IIR was I register The following Z80 Z180 instructions have been dropped and are not supported Alterna tive Rabbit instructions are provided Z80 Z180 Instructions Dropped Rabbit Instructions to U...

Страница 253: ...affect destination s IOI and IOE affect source S Z L V The L V logical overflow flag serves a dual purpose L V is set to 1 for logical operations if any of the four most signif icant bits of the resul...

Страница 254: ...y 011 C carry 100 LZ logical zero 101 LO logical one 110 P sign plus 111 M sign minus Logical zero if all four of the most significant bits of the result are 0 Logical one if any of the four most sign...

Страница 255: ...11011101 11011100 4 f L 0 AND IY DE 11111101 11011100 4 f L 0 AND n 11100110 n 4 fr L 0 AND r 10100 r 2 fr L 0 BIT b HL 11001011 01 b 110 7 f s BIT b IX d 11011101 11001011 d 01 b 110 10 f s BIT b IY...

Страница 256: ...7 JP mn 11000011 n m 7 JR cc e 001cc000 e 2 5 JR e 00011000 e 2 5 Note If byte following op code is zero next sequential instruction is executed If byte is 2 11111110 jr is to itself LCALL xpc mn 110...

Страница 257: ...n 11011101 00101010 n m 13 s LD IX SP n 11011101 11000100 n 11 LD IX HL 11011101 01111101 4 LD IX mn 11011101 00100001 n m 8 LD IY mn 11111101 00101010 n m 13 s LD IY SP n 11111101 11000100 n 11 LD IY...

Страница 258: ...011101 11100101 12 PUSH IY 11111101 11100101 12 PUSH zz 11zz0101 10 RES b HL 11001011 10 b 110 10 d RES b IX d 11011101 11001011 d 10 b 110 13 d RES b IY d 11111101 11001011 d 10 b 110 13 d RES b r 11...

Страница 259: ...01011 00100110 10 f b L SLA IX d 11011101 11001011 d 00100110 13 f b L SLA IY d 11111101 11001011 d 00100110 13 f b L SLA r 11001011 00100 r 4 fr L SRA HL 11001011 00101110 10 f b L SRA IX d 11011101...

Страница 260: ...252 Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor...

Страница 261: ...target reset line which should be drivable by an external CMOS driver The STATUS pin is used to by the Rabbit based target to request attention when a breakpoint is encountered in the target under tes...

Страница 262: ...needs to begin or to enable the port and wait for interrupts The SMODE pins can be used for signaling and can be detected by a poll However recall that the SMODE pins have a special function after re...

Страница 263: ...tions board can accept these unsolicited messages using its clocked serial port To prevent overrunning the receiver the target can wait for a handshake signal on one of the SMODE lines or there can be...

Страница 264: ...36 21 1968 46 38 Clock Frequency Crystal Freq MHz Divisor 115200 baud Memory Access Time ns 3 6864 1 8432 4 534 7 3728 3 6864 8 262 14 7456 7 3728 16 127 18 4320 9 2160 20 100 22 1184 11 0592 24 81 29...

Страница 265: ...perfect Bugs are always present in a system of any size In order to prevent danger to life or property it is the responsibility of the system designer to incorporate redundant protective mechanisms a...

Страница 266: ......

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