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MI 2883 Energy Master

Theory and internal operation

126

Frequency measurement is

performed

on chosen Synchronization channel, in

CONNECTION SETUP menu.

5.1.5 Power measurement (Standard compliance: IEEE 1459-2010)

Instrument  fully  complies  with  power  measurement  defined  in  the  latest  IEEE  1459
standard. The old definitions for active, reactive, and apparent powers are valid as long
as the current and voltage waveforms remained nearly sinusoidal. This is not the case
today, where we have various power electronics equipment, such as Adjustable Speed
Drives,  Controlled  Rectifiers,  Cycloconverters,  Electronically  Ballasted  Lamps.  Those
represent  major  nonlinear  and  parametric  loads  proliferating  among  industrial  and
commercial  customers.  New  Power  theory  splits  power  to  fundamental  and
nonfundamental components, as shown on figure below.

S

(apparent power)

S

fund

(fundamental apparent power)

S

N

(non fundamental apparent power)

P

fund

(fundamental active power)

Q

fund

(fundamental reactive power)

D

I

(

current distortion power)

D

V

(voltage distortion power)

S

H

(

harmonic apparent power)

P

H

(active harmonic power)

D

H

(harmonic distortion power)

Figure 5.2: IEEE 1459 phase power measurement organisation (phase)

In table below summary of all power measurement is shown. Combined power
represents “old power measurement” theory.

Table 5.1: Summary and grouping of the phase power quantities

Quantity

Combined
powers

Fundamental
powers

Nonfundamental
Powers

Apparent (VA)

S

S

fund

S

N

, S

H

Active (W)

P

P

fund

P

H

Nonactive/reactive (var)

N

Q

fund

D

I

, D

V

, D

H

Line utilization

PF

ind/cap

DPF

ind/cap

-

Harmonic pollution (%)

-

-

S

N

/S

fund

Power measurement for three phase systems are slightly different as shown on figure
below.

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Содержание Energy Master MI 2883

Страница 1: ...Energy Master MI 2883 Instruction manual Version 2 1 1 Code No 20 752 521 ...

Страница 2: ...rel metrel si Mark on your equipment certifies that this equipment meets the requirements of the EU European Union concerning safety and interference causing equipment regulations 2016 METREL No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without permission in writing from METREL ...

Страница 3: ...Menu 25 3 4 1 Instrument submenus 26 3 5 U I f 28 3 5 1 Meter 28 3 5 2 Scope 30 3 5 3 Trend 32 3 6 Power 33 3 6 1 Meter 34 3 6 2 Trend 36 3 7 Energy 39 3 7 1 Meter 39 3 7 2 Trend 40 3 7 3 Efficiency 41 3 8 Harmonics interharmonics 44 3 8 1 Meter 44 3 8 2 Histogram Bar 46 3 8 3 Harmonics Average Histogram Avg Bar 47 3 8 4 Trend 49 3 9 Flickers 51 3 9 1 Meter 51 3 9 2 Trend 52 3 10 Phase Diagram 54 ...

Страница 4: ...er System 106 4 2 3 Current clamp selection and transformation ratio setting 107 4 2 4 Temperature probe connection 111 4 2 1 Printing support 111 4 3 Instrument connection to powerView v3 0 113 4 4 Number of measured parameters and connection type relationship 121 5 Theory and internal operation 124 5 1 Measurement methods 124 5 1 1 Measurement aggregation over time intervals 124 5 1 2 Voltage me...

Страница 5: ...54 6 2 5 Frequency 156 6 2 6 Flickers 156 6 2 7 Combined power 156 6 2 8 Fundamental power 157 6 2 9 Nonfundamental power 157 6 2 10 Power factor PF 158 6 2 11 Displacement factor DPF or Cos φ 158 6 2 12 Energy 159 6 2 13 Voltage harmonics and THD 159 6 2 14 Current harmonics THD and k factor 159 6 2 15 Voltage interharmonics 160 6 2 16 Current interharmonics 160 6 2 17 Signalling 160 6 2 18 Unbal...

Страница 6: ...MI 2883 Energy Master Table of contents 6 7 5 Cleaning 171 7 6 Periodic calibration 172 7 7 Service 172 7 8 Troubleshooting 172 ...

Страница 7: ...r with microSD memory card sizes up to 32 GB are supported 3 voltage channels with wide measurement range up to 1000 Vrms CAT III 1000 V with support for medium and high voltage systems Simultaneous voltage and current 7 channels sampling 16 bit AD conversion for accurate power measurements and minimal phase shift error 4 current channels with support for automatic clamp recognition and range sele...

Страница 8: ...interest 1 2 Safety considerations To ensure operator safety while using the Energy Master instruments and to minimize the risk of damage to the instrument please note the following general warnings The instrument has been designed to ensure maximum operator safety Usage in a way other than specified in this manual may increase the risk of harm to the operator Do not use the instrument and or acce...

Страница 9: ...ctrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use Part 1 General requirements EN 61010 2 030 2010 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use Part 2 030 Particular requirements for testing and measuring circuits EN 61010 031 2002 A1 2008 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use Part 031 Safety req...

Страница 10: ...systems Note about EN and IEC standards Text of this manual contains references to European standards All standards of EN 6XXXX e g EN 61010 series are equivalent to IEC standards with the same number e g IEC 61010 and differ only in amended parts required by European harmonization procedure 1 4 Abbreviations In this document following symbols and abbreviations are used CFI Current crest factor in...

Страница 11: ...ecorded separately as shown on figure See 5 1 5 for definition Dı Phase current distortion power including Dıp phase p current distortion power See 5 1 5 section Power measurement Standard compliance IEEE 1459 2010 for definition Deıtot Total effective current distortion power See 5 1 5 section Power measurement Standard compliance IEEE 1459 2010 for definition DH Phase harmonics distortion power ...

Страница 12: ...quency on I1 See 5 1 4 for definition i Negative sequence current ratio See 5 1 10 for definition i0 Zero sequence current ratio See 5 1 10 for definition I Positive sequence current component on three phase systems See 5 1 10 for definition I Negative sequence current component on three phase systems See 5 1 10 for definition I0 Zero sequence current components on three phase systems See 5 1 10 f...

Страница 13: ...tes generated and plus sign indicates consumed power See 5 1 5 for definitions Ptot Recorded total active fundamental and nonfundamental power Minus sign indicates generated and plus sign indicates consumed power See 5 1 5 for definitions Pfund Instantaneous active fundamental power including Pfundp phase p active fundamental power Minus sign indicates generated and plus sign indicates consumed po...

Страница 14: ...ower factor including PFpind cap phase p power factor Minus sign indicates generated power and plus sign indicates consumed power Suffix ind cap represents inductive capacitive character Note PF DPF when harmonics are not present See 5 1 5 for definition PFind PFcap Recorded phase combined fundamental and nonfundamental power factor Minus sign indicates generated power and plus sign indicates cons...

Страница 15: ...e flicker and Pinstp phase p to instantaneous voltage flicker See 5 1 9 for definition N Instantaneous combined fundamental and nonfundamental nonactive phase power including Np phase p nonactive phase power Minus sign indicates generated and plus sign indicate consumed nonactive power See 5 1 5 for definition Nind Ncap Recorded phase combined fundamental and nonfundamental nonactive power includi...

Страница 16: ...d fundamental and nonfundamental phase apparent power including Sp phase p apparent power See 5 1 5 for definition Setot Combined fundamental and nonfundamental total effective apparent power See 5 1 5 for definition Sfund Phase fundamental apparent power including Sfundp phase p fundamental apparent power See 5 1 5 for definition S tot Positive sequence of total fundamental effective apparent pow...

Страница 17: ...undamental RMS voltage See 5 1 7 for definition UhN nth voltage RMS harmonic component including UpghN phase p to phase g voltage nth RMS harmonic component and UphN phase p to neutral voltage nth RMS harmonic component See 5 1 7 for definition UihN nth voltage RMS interharmonic component including UpgihN phase p to phase g voltage nth RMS interharmonic component and UpihN phase p to neutral volta...

Страница 18: ...fference between the measured value and the nominal value of a voltage only when the voltage is lower than the nominal value Voltage underdeviation measured over recorded interval and expressed in of nominal voltage including UpgUnder phase p to phase g voltage and UpUnder phase p to neutral voltage See 5 1 11 for details Umax Maximum absolute difference between any of the URms 1 2 values during t...

Страница 19: ...ys 3 ARROW keys Moves cursor and select parameters 4 ENTER key Step into submenu 5 ESC key Exits any procedure confirms new settings 6 SHORTCUT keys Quick access to main instrument functions 7 LIGHT key BEEP OFF Adjust LCD backlight intensity high low off If the LIGHT key is pressed for more than 1 5 seconds beeper will be disabled Press hold again to enable it 1 2 3 4 5 9 7 8 6 ...

Страница 20: ...erminals and ground is 1000 VRMS Max short term voltage of external power supply adapter is 14 V Figure 2 2 Top connector panel Top connector panel layout 1 Clamp on current transformers I1 I2 I3 IN input terminals 2 Voltage L1 L2 L3 N input terminals 3 12 V external power socket 1 2 3 4 Figure 2 3 Side connector panel Side connector panel layout 1 MicroSD card slot 2 Serial connector used to conn...

Страница 21: ...rd accessories Description Pieces Flexible current clamp 3000 A 300 A 30 A A 1227 3 Colour coded test probe 4 Colour coded crocodile clip 4 Colour coded voltage measurement lead 4 USB cable 1 RS232 cable 1 12 V 1 2 A Power supply adapter 1 NiMH rechargeable battery type HR 6 AA 6 Soft carrying bag 1 Compact disc CD with PowerView v3 0 and manuals 1 2 4 2 Optional accessories See the attached sheet...

Страница 22: ... figure below Escape Function keys Cursor keys Enter Press Hold to disable beeper Power On Off Status bar Backlight On Off Shortcut keys Press Hold for waveform snapshoot Figure 3 1 Display symbols and keys description During measurement campaign various screens can be displayed Most screens share common labels and symbols These are shown on figure below Screen Name Y axsis scale X axsis scale tim...

Страница 23: ... is active waiting for trigger General recorder is active recording in progress Memory list recall Shown screen is recalled from instrument memory Flagged data mark While observing recorded data this mark will indicate that observed measurement results for given time interval can be compromised due to interrupt dip or swells occurrence See section 5 1 16 for further explanation Signalling voltage ...

Страница 24: ...enu Hold key for 2 seconds to trigger WAVEFORM SNAPSHOT Instrument will record all measured parameters into file which can be then analysed by PowerView Set backlight intensity high low off Hold key for 2 s to disable enable beeper sound signals Switch On off the instrument Note instrument will not power off if any recorder is active Note Hold key for 5 seconds in order to reset instrument in case...

Страница 25: ...trument cover Note Do not turn off the instrument while microSD card is accessed during record session observing recorded data in MEMORY LIST menu Doing so may cause data corruption and permanent data lost Note SD Card should have single FAT32 partition Do not use SD cards with multiple partitions 3 4 Instrument Main Menu After powering on the instrument the MAIN MENU is displayed From this menu a...

Страница 26: ...ttings GENERAL SETUP submenu Provide access to the various instrument settings Table 3 4 Keys in Main menu Selects submenu Enters selected submenu 3 4 1 Instrument submenus By pressing ENTER key in Main menu user can select one of four submenus Measurements set of basic measurement screens Recorders setup and view of various recordings Measurement setup measurement parameters setup General setup c...

Страница 27: ...MI 2883 Energy Master Operating the instrument 27 Figure 3 6 Measurements submenu Figure 3 7 Recorders submenu Figure 3 8 Measurement setup submenu Figure 3 9 General setup submenu ...

Страница 28: ...current and frequency parameters can be observed in the U I f screens Measurement results can be viewed in a tabular METER or a graphical form SCOPE TREND TREND view is active only in RECORDING mode See section 3 14 for details 3 5 1 Meter By entering U I f option the U I f METER tabular screen is shown see figures below Figure 3 10 U I f meter phase table screens L1 L2 L3 N ENTER ...

Страница 29: ...and maximal IRms 1 2 current measured after RESET key F2 MIN Minimal URms 1 2 voltage and minimal IRms 1 2 current measured after RESET key F2 f Frequency on reference channel Note In case of overloading current or overvoltage on AD converter icon will be displayed in the status bar of the instrument Table 3 7 Keys in Meter screens HOLD Holds measurement on display Hold clock time will be displaye...

Страница 30: ...31 12 23 31 Δ Shows measurements for all phase to phase voltages METER Switches to METER view SCOPE Switches to SCOPE view TREND Switches to TREND view available only during recording Triggers Waveform snapshot Returns to the MEASUREMENTS submenu 3 5 2 Scope Various combinations of voltage and current waveforms can be displayed on the instrument as shown below Figure 3 12 Voltage only waveform Fig...

Страница 31: ... current waveform dual graph Selects between phase neutral all phases and line view 1 2 3 N Δ Shows waveforms for phase L1 1 2 3 N Δ Shows waveforms for phase L2 1 2 3 N Δ Shows waveforms for phase L3 1 2 3 N Δ Shows waveforms for neutral channel 1 2 3 N Δ Shows all phase waveforms 1 2 3 N Δ Shows all phase to phase waveforms 12 23 31 Δ Shows waveforms for phase L12 12 23 31 Δ Shows waveforms for ...

Страница 32: ...t recorder Voltage and current trends Current and voltage trends can be observed by cycling function key F4 METER SCOPE TREND Figure 3 16 Voltage trend all voltages Figure 3 17 Voltage trend single voltage Figure 3 18 Voltage and current trend single mode Figure 3 19 Voltage and current trend dual mode Figure 3 20 Trends of all currents Figure 3 21 Frequency trend ...

Страница 33: ...ge trend U I f U I U I Shows current trend U I f U I U I Shows frequency trend U I f U I U I Shows voltage and current trend single mode U I f U I U I Shows voltage and current trend dual mode Selects between phases neutral channel all phases view 1 2 3 N Shows trend for phase L1 1 2 3 N Shows trend for phase L2 1 2 3 N Shows trend for phase L3 1 2 3 N Shows trend for neutral channel 1 2 3 N Shows...

Страница 34: ...Figure 3 24 Detailed power measurements at phase L1 Figure 3 25 Detailed total power measurements Description of symbols and abbreviations used in POWER METER screens are shown in table below Table 3 12 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations see 5 1 5 for details instantaneous values P Depending on the screen position In Combined column Combined fundamental and nonfundamental active power P1 ...

Страница 35: ...Deᴠ Total effective voltage distortion power Deᴠtot Pн Phase and total harmonic active power PH1 PH2 PH3 PHtot PF Phase combined fundamental and nonfundamental power factor PF1 PF2 PF3 PFe Total effective combined fundamental and nonfundamental power factor PFe DPF Phase fundamental power factor DPF1 DPF2 DPF3 and positive sequence total power factor DPF Harmonic Pollut Harmonic pollution accordin...

Страница 36: ...P3 P View Fundamental power Maximal average and minimal value of consumed Pfund1 Pfund2 Pfund3 P tot or generated Pfund1 Pfund2 Pfund3 P tot active fundamental power for time interval IP selected by cursor Ni1 Ni2 Ni3 Nit View Combined power Maximal average and minimal value of consumed N1ind N2ind N3ind Ntotind or generated N1ind N2ind N3ind Ntotind inductive combined nonactive power for time int...

Страница 37: ... fundamental reactive capacitive power for time interval IP selected by cursor DPFi1 DPFi2 DPFi3 DPF it View Fundamental power Maximal average and minimal value of inductive displacement power factor 1st quadrant DPF1ind DPF2ind DPF3ind DPFtotind and 3rd quadrant DPF1ind DPF2ind DPF3ind DPFtotind for time interval IP selected by cursor DPFc1 DPFc2 DPFc3 DPF ct View Fundamental power Maximal averag...

Страница 38: ... nonactive power trend P Ni Nc S PFi Pfc Shows combined capacitive nonactive power trend P Ni Nc S PFi Pfc Shows combined apparent power trend P Ni Nc S PFi Pfc Shows inductive power factor trend P Ni Nc S Pfi PFc Shows capacitive power factor trend If Fundamental power is selected P Qi Qc S DPFi DPfc Shows fundamental active power trend P Qi Qc S DPFi DPfc Shows fundamental inductive reactive pow...

Страница 39: ... the MEASUREMENTS submenu 3 7 Energy 3 7 1 Meter Instrument shows status of energy counters in energy menu Results can be seen in a tabular METER form Energy measurement is active only if GENERAL RECORDER is active See section 3 14 for instructions how to start GENERAL RECORDER The meter screens are shown on figures below Figure 3 27 Energy counters screen Table 3 16 Instrument screen symbols and ...

Страница 40: ...Totals METER Switches to METER view TREND Switches to TREND view EFF Switches to EFFICIENCY view Triggers Waveform snapshot Returns to the MEASUREMENTS submenu 3 7 2 Trend TREND view is available only during active recording see section 3 14 for instructions how to start GENERAL RECORDER Figure 3 28 Energy trend screen Table 3 18 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Ep Ep Consumed phase Ep1...

Страница 41: ...iew TREND Switches to TREND view EFF Switches to EFFICIENCY view Returns to the MEASUREMENTS submenu 3 7 3 Efficiency EFFICIENCY view is available only during active recording see section 3 14 for instructions how to start GENERAL RECORDER Figure 3 29 Energy efficiency screen Table 3 20 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations P avg P avg P avg P avg Consumed phase fundamental active power Pfun...

Страница 42: ... fundamental capacitive reactive power Qfundcap1 Qfundcap2 Qfundcap3 Positive sequence of total capacitive fundamental generated reactive power Q tot Shown fundamental capacitive reactive power is averaged over chosen time interval key F2 TOT shows total average for complete record fundamental capacitive reactive power LAST shows average fundamental capacitive reactive power in the last interval M...

Страница 43: ... used for fundamental reactive energy transfer Eq BLUE colour represents part of conductor cross section wire used for nonfundamental harmonic apparent energy transfer Sɴ BROWN colour represents unbalanced power SU portion flowing in polyphase system in respect to phase power flow Date End time of shown interval Max Power Demand Shows three intervals where measured active power was maximal Table 3...

Страница 44: ...ns voltage and current harmonics or interharmonics and THD are shown Figure 3 30 Harmonics and interharmonics METER screens Description of symbols and abbreviations used in METER screens are shown in table below Table 3 22 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations RMS RMS voltage current value THD Total voltage current harmonic distortion THDU and THDI in of fundamental voltage current harmonic ...

Страница 45: ...L3 1 2 3 N Shows harmonics interharmonics components for neutral channel 1 2 3 N Shows harmonics interharmonics components for all phases on single screen 12 23 31 Δ Shows harmonics interharmonics components for phase L12 12 23 31 Δ Shows harmonics interharmonics components for phase L23 12 23 31 Δ Shows harmonics interharmonics components for phase L31 12 23 31 Δ Shows harmonics interharmonics co...

Страница 46: ... Ix h01 h50 Instantaneous current harmonic interharmonic component in ARMS and in of fundamental current Ux DC Instantaneous DC voltage in V and in of fundamental voltage Ix DC Instantaneous DC current in A and in of fundamental current Ux THD Instantaneous total voltage harmonic distortion THDU in V and in of fundamental voltage Ix THD Instantaneous total current harmonic distortion THDI in ARMS ...

Страница 47: ...w AVG Switches to AVG average view available only during recording TREND Switches to TREND view available only during recording Scales displayed histogram by amplitude Scrolls cursor to select single harmonic interharmonic bar Toggles cursor between voltage and current histogram Triggers Waveform snapshot Returns to the MEASUREMENTS submenu 3 8 3 Harmonics Average Histogram Avg Bar During active G...

Страница 48: ... in of fundamental current Ux THD Average total voltage harmonic distortion THDU in V and in of fundamental voltage Ix THD Average total current harmonic distortion THDI in ARMS and in of fundamental current Table 3 27 Keys in Harmonics interharmonics AVG screens VIEW Switches view between harmonics and interharmonics Keys in VIEW window Selects option Confirms selected option Exits selection wind...

Страница 49: ...only during recording TREND Switches to TREND view available only during recording Scales displayed histogram by amplitude Scrolls cursor to select single harmonic interharmonic bar Toggles cursor between voltage and current histogram Triggers Waveform snapshot Returns to the MEASUREMENTS submenu 3 8 4 Trend During active GENERAL RECORDER TREND view is available see section 3 14 for instructions h...

Страница 50: ...and average value of selected DC current component for selected phase Uh01 Uh50 Uih01 Uih50 Interval maximal and average value for selected n th voltage harmonic interharmonic component for selected phase Ih01 Ih50 Iih01 Ih50 Interval maximal and average value of selected n th current harmonic interharmonic component for selected phase Table 3 29 Keys in Harmonics interharmonics TREND screens VIEW...

Страница 51: ...or phase to phase voltage L31 METER Switches to METER view BAR Switches to BAR view AVG Switches to AVG average view available only during recording TREND Switches to TREND view available only during recording Moves cursor and select time interval IP for observation Returns to the MEASUREMENTS submenu 3 9 Flickers Flickers measure the human perception of the effect of amplitude modulation on the m...

Страница 52: ...r Pst for each phase measured in last 10 minutes Plt Long term flicker 2h Pst for each phase measured in last 2 hours Table 3 31 Keys in Flickers METER screen HOLD Holds measurement on display Hold clock time will be displayed in the right top corner RUN Runs held measurement METER Switches to METER view TREND Switches to TREND view available only during recording Triggers Waveform snapshot Return...

Страница 53: ...ue of 1 minute short term flicker Pst 1min for phase voltages U1 U2 U3 or line voltages U12 U23 U31 Pst1 Pst2 Pst3 Pst12 Pst23 Pst31 Maximal average and minimal value of 10 minutes short term flicker Pst for phase voltages U1 U2 U3 or line voltages U12 U23 U31 Plt1 Plt2 Plt3 Plt12 Plt23 Plt31 Maximal average and minimal value of 2 hours long term flicker Plt in phase voltages U1 U2 U3 or line volt...

Страница 54: ...s for phases L31 12 23 31 Δ Shows selected flicker trends for all phases average only METER Switches to METER view TREND Switches to TREND view available only during recording Moves cursor and selects time interval IP for observation Returns to the MEASUREMENTS submenu 3 10 Phase Diagram Phase diagram graphically represent fundamental voltages currents and phase angles of the network This view is ...

Страница 55: ...easurement on display Hold clock time will be displayed in the right top corner RUN Runs held measurement U I I U Selects voltage for scaling with cursors Selects current for scaling with cursors METER Switches to PHASE DIAGRAM view UNBAL Switches to UNBALANCE DIAGRAM view TREND Switches to TREND view available only during recording Scales voltage or current phasors Triggers Waveform snapshot Retu...

Страница 56: ... i u0 i0 Zero sequence voltage ratio u0 Zero sequence current ratio i0 Table 3 37 Keys in Unbalance diagram screens HOLD Holds measurement on display Hold clock time will be displayed in the right top corner RUN Runs held measurement U I I U Shows voltage unbalance measurement and selects voltage for scaling with cursors Shows current unbalance measurement and selects current for scaling with curs...

Страница 57: ...l value of zero sequence current ratio i0 U Maximal average and minimal value of positive sequence voltage U U Maximal average and minimal value of negative sequence voltage U U0 Maximal average and minimal value of zero sequence voltage U0 I Maximal average and minimal value of positive sequence current I I Maximal average and minimal value of negative sequence current I I0 Maximal average and mi...

Страница 58: ...n how to set up neutral clamp input with the temperature sensor see section 4 2 4 1 Optional accessory 3 11 1 Meter Figure 3 39 Temperature meter screen Table 3 40 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations 0 C Current temperature in Celsius degrees 0 F Current temperature in Fahrenheit degrees Table 3 41 Keys in Temperature meter screen HOLD Holds measurement on display Hold clock time will be d...

Страница 59: ...renheit degrees METER Switches to METER view TREND Switches to TREND view available only during recording Returns to the MEASUREMENTS submenu 3 12 Underdeviation and overdeviation Underdeviation and overdeviation parameters are useful when it is important to avoid for example having sustained undervoltages being cancelled in data by sustained overvoltages Results can be seen in a tabular METER or ...

Страница 60: ...on and overdeviation METER screen HOLD Holds measurement on display Hold clock time will be displayed in the right top corner RUN Runs held measurement Selects between trending various parameters Δ Shows under over deviations measurements for all phase voltages Δ Shows under over deviations measurements for all phase to phase voltages METER Switches to METER view TREND Switches to TREND view avail...

Страница 61: ...corresponding overdeviation voltage U1Over U2Over U3Over U12Over U23Over U31Over expressed in of nominal voltage Table 3 47 Keys in Underdeviation and Overdeviation TREND screens Selects between the following options Under Over Shows underdeviation trends Under Over Shows overdeviation trends Selects between trending various parameters Δ Shows trends for all phase under over deviations Δ Shows tre...

Страница 62: ...ion from MEASUREMENTS submenu the SIGNALLING tabular screen is shown see figure below Figure 3 43 Signalling meter screen Description of symbols and abbreviations used in METER screen is shown in table below Table 3 48 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Sig1 316 0 Hz True effective value signal voltage USig1 USig2 USig3 USig12 USig23 USig31 for a user specified carrier frequency 316 0 Hz ...

Страница 63: ...een Table 3 50 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Usig1 Usig2 Usig3 Usig12 Usig23 Usig31 Maximal average and minimal value of USig1 USig2 USig3 USig12 USig23 USig31 signal voltage for a user specified Sig1 Sig2 frequency Sig1 316 0 Hz Sig2 1060 0 Hz in shown example 14 Nov 2013 13 50 00 Timestamp of interval IP selected by cursor 22h 25m 00s Current GENERAL RECORDER time Days hours min se...

Страница 64: ...d select time interval IP for observation Returns to the MEASUREMENTS submenu 3 13 3 Table During active recording TABLE view is available see section 3 14 for instructions how to start recording by cycling function key F4 METER TREND TABLE Signalling events can be here observed as required by standard IEC 61000 4 30 For each signalling event instrument capture waveform which can be observed in Po...

Страница 65: ...ring recording TABLE Switches to TABLE view available only during recording Moves cursor through signalling table Returns to the MEASUREMENTS submenu 3 14 General Recorder Energy Master has ability to record measured data in the background By entering GENERAL RECORDER option from RECORDERS submenu recorder parameters can be customized in order to meet criteria about interval start time and duratio...

Страница 66: ...smaller the interval is more measurements will be used for the same record duration Include events Select whether events are included in the record On Record events signatures in table form see 3 15 for details Off Events are not recorded Include alarms Select whether alarms are included in the record On Record alarm signatures in table form see 3 16 for details Off Alarms are not recorded Include...

Страница 67: ...ERS submenu 3 15 Events table In this table captured voltage dips swells and interrupts are shown Note that events appear in the table after finishing when voltage return to the normal value All events can be grouped according to IEC 61000 4 30 Additionally for troubleshooting purposes events can be separated by phase This is toggled by pressing function key F1 Group view In this view voltage even...

Страница 68: ...has occurred No Unified event number ID L Indicate phase or phase to phase voltage where event has occurred 1 event on phase U1 2 event on phase U2 3 event on phase U3 12 event on voltage U12 23 event on voltage U23 31 event on voltage U31 Note This indication is shown only in event details since one grouped event can have many phase events Start Event start time when first URms 1 2 value crosses ...

Страница 69: ...ll types of events dips and swell Interrupts are treated as special case of voltage dip event START time and Duration in table is referenced to complete voltage event ALL INT Shows poly phase voltage interrupts only according to the IEC 61000 4 30 requirements START time and Duration in table is referenced to voltage interrupt only STAT Shows event statistics by phases EVENTS Returns to EVENTS vie...

Страница 70: ...e below for details Figure 3 49 Voltage events screens You can also see details of each individual voltage event and statistics of all events Statistics show count registers for each individual event type by phase Table 3 58 Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Date Date when selected event has occurred No Unified event number ID L Indicate phase or phase to phase voltage where event has oc...

Страница 71: ... L3 1 2 3 T Shows events on all phases 12 23 31 T Shows only events on phases L12 12 23 31 T Shows only events on phases L23 12 23 31 T Shows only events on phases L31 12 23 31 T Shows events on all phases STAT Shows event summary by types and phases EVENTS Returns to EVENTS view Selects event Enters detail event view Returns to Events table phase view screen Returns to the RECORDERS submenu 3 16 ...

Страница 72: ...ed threshold Fall parameter has under crossed threshold Min Max Minimal or maximal parameter value during alarm occurrence Duration Alarm duration Table 3 61 Keys in Alarms table screens Filters alarms according to the following parameters UIF C Pwr F Pwr NF Pwr Flick Sym H iH Sig Temp All alarms UIF C Pwr F Pwr NF Pwr Flick Sym H iH Sig Temp Voltage alarms UIF C Pwr F Pwr NF Pwr Flick Sym H iH Si...

Страница 73: ...nly alarms on phase L3 1 2 3 N 12 23 31 T Shows only alarms on neutral channel 1 2 3 N 12 23 31 T Shows only alarms on phases L12 1 2 3 N 12 23 31 T Shows only alarms on phases L23 1 2 3 N 12 23 31 T Shows only alarms on phases L31 1 2 3 N 12 23 31 T Shows only alarms on channels which are not channel dependent 1 2 3 N 12 23 31 T Shows all alarms Selects an alarm Returns to the RECORDERS submenu 3...

Страница 74: ...Rms 1 2 values during the RVC event and the final arithmetic mean 100 120 URms 1 2 value just prior to the RVC event dUss Uss is the absolute difference between the final arithmetic mean 100 120 URms 1 2 value just prior to the RVC event and the first arithmetic mean 100 120 URms 1 2 value after the RVC event Table 3 63 Keys in RVC Events table group view screens STAT Shows event statistics phase ...

Страница 75: ...SEL files which can be found on SD Card and are imported into PowerView Type Indicates type of record which can be one of following Snapshot General record Interval General record recording interval integration period Duration Record duration Start General record start time End General record stop time Size Record size in kilobytes kB or megabytes MB Table 3 65 Keys in Memory list screen VIEW View...

Страница 76: ...53 Front page of General record in MEMORY LIST menu Table 3 66 Recorder settings description Record No Selected record number for which details are shown FILE NAME Record name on SD Card Type Indicate type of record General record Interval General record recording interval integration period Start General record start time End General record stop time Size Record size in kilobytes kB or megabytes ...

Страница 77: ... ALL Opens confirmation window for clearing all saved records Keys in confirmation window Selects YES or NO Confirms selection Exits confirmation window without clearing saved records Browses through records next or previous record Selects parameter only in CHANNELS SETUP menu Returns to the RECORDERS submenu By pressing VIEW in CHANNELS SETUP menu TREND graph of selected channel group will appear...

Страница 78: ...s I3Rms INRms for time interval selected by cursor 38m 00s Time position of cursor regarding to the record start time 10 May 2013 12 08 50 Time clock at cursor position Table 3 69 Keys in Viewing recorder U I f TREND screens Selects between the following options U I f U I U I Shows voltage trend U I f U I U I Shows current trend U I f U I U I Shows frequency trend U I f U I U I Shows voltage and c...

Страница 79: ...is manual 3 18 2 Waveform snapshot This type of record can be made by using key press and hold key Figure 3 55 Front page of Snapshot in MEMORY LIST menu Table 3 70 Recorder settings description Record No Selected record number for which details are shown FILE NAME Record name on SD Card Type Indicate type of record Snapshot Start Record start time Size Record size in kilobytes kB Table 3 71 Keys ...

Страница 80: ...rds one by one CLR ALL Opens confirmation window for clearing all saved records Keys in confirmation window Selects YES or NO Confirms selection Exits confirmation window without clearing saved records Browses through records next or previous record Returns to the RECORDERS submenu By pressing VIEW in CHANNELS SETUP menu METER screen will appear Typical screen is shown on figure below Figure 3 56 ...

Страница 81: ...tup measurement parameters Event setup Setup event parameters Alarm setup Setup alarm parameters Signalling setup Setup signalling parameters RVC setup Setup Rapid voltage changes RVC parameters Table 3 73 Keys in Measurement setup submenu screen Selects option from the MEASUREMENT SETUP submenu Enters the selected option Returns to the MAIN MENU screen 3 19 1 Connection setup In this menu user ca...

Страница 82: ...asured over potential transformer then press ENTER for setting transformer parameters Voltage ratio Potential transformer ratio Δ Transformer type Additional transformer ratio Primary Secondary Symbol Delta Star 1 3 Star Delta 3 Star Star 1 Delta Delta 1 Note Instrument can always measure accurately at up to 150 of selected nominal voltage Phase Curr Clamps Neutral Curr Clamps Selects phase clamps...

Страница 83: ... Smart clamps Note Use None option for voltage measurements only Note See section 4 2 3 for details regarding further clamps settings Connection Method of connecting the instrument to multi phase systems see 4 2 1 for details 1W 1 phase 3 wire system 2W 2 phase 4 wire system 3W 3 phase 3 wire system ...

Страница 84: ... instrument synchronization to the network frequency Also a frequency measurement is performed on that channel Depending on Connection user can select 1W 2W 4W U1 or I1 3W OpenD U12 or I1 System frequency Select system frequency According to this setting 10 or 12 cycle interval will be used for calculus according to IEC 61000 4 30 50 Hz 10 cycle interval 60 Hz 12 cycle interval ...

Страница 85: ...s not within those limits will be market with Fail sign Default parameters Set factory default parameters These are Nominal voltage 230V L N Voltage ratio 1 1 Δ 1 Phase current clamps Smart Clamps Neutral current clamps None Connection 4W Synchronization U1 System frequency 50 Hz Dip voltage 90 UNom Dip hysteresis 2 UNom Interrupt voltage 5 UNom Interrupt hysteresis 2 UNom Swell voltage 110 UNom S...

Страница 86: ... 1 11 for details Figure 3 59 Event setup screen Table 3 76 Description of Event setup Nominal voltage Indication of type L N or L L and value of nominal voltage Swell Threshold Set swell threshold value in of nominal voltage Swell Hysteresis Set swell hysteresis value in of nominal voltage Dip Threshold Set dip threshold value in of nominal voltage Dip Hysteresis Set dip hysteresis value in in of...

Страница 87: ...LS SETUP menu screen PREV Previous help screen NEXT Next help screen Move between help screens Move back to EVENT SETUP screen Selects Voltage events setup parameter to be modified Changes selected parameter value Returns to the MEASUREMENT SETUP submenu F1 F2 ENTER ...

Страница 88: ...lf 2nd column Phase TOT L1 on figure above Select phases for alarms capturing L1 alarms on phase L1 L2 alarms on phase L2 L3 alarms on phase L3 LN alarms on phase N L12 alarms on line L12 L23 alarms on line L23 L31 alarm on line L31 ALL alarms on any phase TOT alarms on power totals or non phase measurements frequency unbalance 3rd column Condition on figure above Select triggering method trigger ...

Страница 89: ...rtain applications is a burst of signals often applied at a non harmonic frequency that remotely control industrial equipment revenue meters and other devices Two different signalling frequencies can be defined Signals can be used as a source for the user defined alarm and can also be included in recording See section 3 19 3 for details how to set up alarms See section 3 14 for instructions how to...

Страница 90: ...esholds An voltage is in a steady state condition if all the immediately preceding 100 120 URms values remain within an set RVC threshold from the arithmetic mean of those 100 120 URms 100 values for 50 Hz nominal and 120 values for 60 Hz The RVC threshold is set by the user according to the application as a percentage of UNom within 1 6 See section 5 1 14 for details regarding RVC measurement See...

Страница 91: ... Table 3 84 Description of General setup options Time Date Set time date and time zone Language Select language Instrument info Information about the instrument Lock Unlock Lock instrument to prevent unauthorized access Colour Model Select colours for displaying phase measurements Table 3 85 Keys in General setup submenu Selects option from the GENERAL SETUP submenu Enters the selected option Retu...

Страница 92: ...l time clock Time zone Selects time zone Current Time Date Show edit current time and date Table 3 87 Keys in Set date time screen Selects parameter to be changed Modifies parameter Selects between the following parameters hour minute second day month or year Enters Date time edit window Returns to the GENERAL SETUP submenu 3 20 3 Language Different languages can be selected in this menu ENTER ...

Страница 93: ...on and hardware version can be viewed in this menu Figure 3 66 Instrument info screen Table 3 89 Keys in Instrument info screen Returns to the GENERAL SETUP submenu 3 20 5 Lock Unlock Energy Master has the ability to prevent unauthorized access to all important instrument functionality by simply locking the instrument If instrument is left for a longer period at an unsupervised measurement spot it...

Страница 94: ...Note Pin code is hidden if the instrument is locked Lock The following options for locking the instrument are available Disabled Enabled Table 3 91 Keys in Lock Unlock screen Selects parameter to be modified Change value of the selected digit in Enter pin window Selects digit in Enter pin window Locks the instrument Opens Enter pin window for unlocking Opens Enter pin window for pin modification A...

Страница 95: ...he instrument 3 20 6 Colour model In COLOUR MODEL menu user can change colour representation of phase voltages and currents according to the customer needs There are some predefined colour schemes EU USA etc and a custom mode where user can set up its own colour model Figure 3 69 Colour representation of phase voltages Table 3 93 Keys in Colour model screens EDIT Opens edit colour screen only avai...

Страница 96: ...ted colour for phase L2 L1 L2 L3 N Shows selected colour for phase L3 L1 L2 L3 N Shows selected colour for neutral channel N Selects colour Returns to the COLOUR MODEL screen Selects Colour scheme Confirms selection of Colour scheme and returns to the GENERAL SETUP submenu Returns to the GENERAL SETUP submenu without modifications F1 ENTER ENTER ...

Страница 97: ...ly once it is very important to properly set measuring equipment Measuring with wrong settings can lead to false or useless measurement results Therefore instrument and user should be fully prepared before measurement begins In this section recommended recorder procedure is shown We recommend to strictly follow guidelines in order to avoid common problems and measurement mistakes Figure below shor...

Страница 98: ...the measurement point nominal voltage currents load type Optionally enable events or alarms and define parameter thresholds Double check Measurement setup using Phase diagram and various scope and metering screens Using power metering check if power is flowing in right direction power should be positive for load and negative for generator measurements Nominal voltage Thresholds Step 2 4 Event Setu...

Страница 99: ...minal voltage currents type of wiring etc Step 2 1 Synchronization and wiring Connect current clamps and voltage tips to the Device under measurement See section 4 2 for details Select proper type of connection in Connection setup menu See section 3 19 1 for details Select synchronization channel Synchronization to voltage is recommended unless measurement is performed on highly distorted loads su...

Страница 100: ...ng PHASE DIAGRAM menu check if voltage and current phase sequence is right regarding to the system Additionally check if current has right direction Using U I f menu check if voltage and current have proper values Check voltage and current THD Note Excessive THD can indicate that too small range was chosen Note In case of AD converter overvoltage or overloading current icon will be displayed Using...

Страница 101: ...lity described in section 3 20 5 Note If during record session instrument batteries are drained due to long interruption for example instrument will shut down After electricity comes back instrument will automatically start new recording session Step 6 Measurement conclusion Before leaving measurement site we need to Preliminary evaluate recorded data using TREND screens Stop recorder Assure that ...

Страница 102: ...d If the clamp on current transformer is connected in reverse the measured power in that phase would normally appear negative Phase relationships The clamp on current transformer connected to current input connector I1 has to measure the current in the phase line to which the voltage probe from L1 is connected 3 phase 4 wire system In order to select this connection scheme choose following connect...

Страница 103: ...on the instrument Figure 4 5 Choosing 3 phase 3 wire system on instrument Instrument should be connected to the network according to figure below N Figure 4 6 3 phase 3 wire system Open Delta Aaron 3 wire system In order to select this connection scheme choose following connection on the instrument Figure 4 7 Choosing Open Delta Aaron 3 wire system on instrument ...

Страница 104: ...twork according to figure below N Figure 4 8 Open Delta Aaron 3 wire system 1 phase 3 wire system In order to select this connection scheme choose following connection on the instrument Figure 4 9 Choosing 1 phase 3 wire system on instrument Instrument should be connected to the network according to figure below ...

Страница 105: ...nts capturing it is recommended to connect unused voltage terminals to N voltage terminal 2 phase 4 wire system In order to select this connection scheme choose following connection on the instrument Figure 4 11 Choosing 2 phase 4 wire system on instrument Instrument should be connected to the network according to figure below ...

Страница 106: ...er System In systems where voltage is measured at the secondary side of a voltage transformer say 11 kV 110 V the voltage transformer ratio should be entered first Afterward nominal voltage can be set to ensure correct measurement In the next figure settings for this particular example is shown See 3 19 1 for details Figure 4 13 Voltage ratio for 11 kV 110 kV transformer example Instrument should ...

Страница 107: ...ases is shown Direct current measurement with clamp on current transformer In this type of measurement load generator current is measured directly with one of clap on current transformer Current to voltage conversion is performed directly by the clamps Direct current measurement can be performed by any clamp on current transformer We particularly recommend Smart clamps flex clamps A1227 and iron c...

Страница 108: ... cable with clamps and select Measuring on wires 1 3 in clamp menu Instrument will assume that we measure only third part of current Note During setup current range can be observed by Current range 100 3000 A row Indirect current measurement Indirect current measurement with primary current transducer is assumed if user selects 5 A current clamps A1122 or A1037 Load current is in that case measure...

Страница 109: ...ld are usually over dimensioned for possibility to add new loads in future In that case current in primary transformer can be less than 10 of rated transformer current For such cases it is recommended to select 10 current range as shown on figure below Figure 4 17 Selecting 10 of current clamps range Note that if we want to perform direct current measure with 5 A clamps primary transformer ratio s...

Страница 110: ...menu 4 Select Smart clamps 5 Clamps type will be automatically recognized by the instrument 6 User should then select clamp range and confirm settings Figure 4 18 Automatically recognised clamps setup Instrument will remember clamps setting for the next time Therefore user only need to 1 Plug clamps to the instrument current input terminals 2 Turn on the instrument Instrument will recognize clamps...

Страница 111: ... instrument 2 Connect temperature probe to Power Master neutral current input terminal 3 Enter Measurement setup Connection setup Phase Neutral curr clamps 4 Select Smart clamps 5 Temperature probe should be now automatically recognized by the instrument Instrument will remember settings for the next time Therefore user only needs to plug temperature probe to the instrument 1 Optional accessory 4 ...

Страница 112: ...rder to set Dip SW 1 SW No 2 ON according to the table below 7 Continue procedure according to the table below 8 After Dip SW 1 SW No 8 is set press Continue On line key 9 Continue procedure according to the table below Dip SW 2 and Dip SW 3 10 After Dip SW 3 No 8 is set press Write Feed key for saving new configuration into memory 11 Turn Off On printer Table 4 2 DPU 414 Dip switches settings are...

Страница 113: ...ew USB connection should be selected in PowerView Tools Options menu Instrument should be then automatically recognised as Measurement Instrument USB device Figure 4 22 USB communication settings in PowerView Downloading data with microSD card The fastest option to import download the data into the PC SW is to take the microSD card out of the instrument and insert it directly to computers card rea...

Страница 114: ...Import data directly from instrument and use USB connection Select Tools Import from instrument Download window will be displayed and PowerView v3 0 will immediately try to connect to the instrument and detect the instrument model and firmware version Figure 4 23 Detection of the instrument type ...

Страница 115: ...ill download a list of records from the instrument Any of the records from the list can be selected by simply clicking on them Additional Select Deselect all tick box is available to select or deselect all records on displayed page Selected records entries will have a green background Before downloading a destination site node for each record can be defined Each entry in a list contains a drop dow...

Страница 116: ...ecting records from a list for download Figure above show example were first two records are select To start download click on the Start importing button Real time scope Click the button to open the Real time scope window A new document window will be opened as shown on the picture below ...

Страница 117: ...sible refresh rate While Real time scope is active button is displayed in green to indicate that the connection is active To close the online view click the button again or close the online window Instrument configuration Instrument configuration tool helps you to change instrument settings manage recording settings start or stop recordings and manage instrument memory remotely In order to begin s...

Страница 118: ... as shown on figure below Changed parameters will be sent back to the instrument by clicking on the Write button In order to remotely control instrument recorders please click on the Recorder node as shown on figure below User can select any of the instrument recorders and configure accompanying parameters For description of particular recorder settings see appropriate section in this manual Chang...

Страница 119: ...y on instrument Green icon indicates that Recorder is active while red icon indicates that recorder is stopped Additionally PowerView v3 0 will disable changing parameters during recording Recording can be terminated by pressing on Stop button or will automatically finish after conditions are met for example after given period of time or after event capturing By pressing on Read button user can re...

Страница 120: ...MI 2883 Energy Master Recording Practice and Instrument Connection 120 Figure 4 29 Recording in progress ...

Страница 121: ...hows dependencies between measurement parameters and type of network Table 4 3 Quantities measured by instrument Connection type Menu 1W 2W 3W OpenD 4W L1 N L1 L2 N L12 Tot L12 L23 L31 Tot L12 L23 L31 Tot L1 L2 L3 N L12 L23 L31 Tot Voltage RMS THD Crest Factor Frequency Harmonics 0 50 Interharm 0 50 Unbalance Flicker Signalling Events L1 N L1 L2 N L12 Tot L1 L2 L3 Tot L12 L23 L31 Tot L1 L2 L3 N L1...

Страница 122: ...Connection type according to the next table Table 4 4 Quantities recorded by instrument Connection type Menu 1W 2W 3W OpenD 4W L1 N L1 L2 N L12 Tot L12 L23 L31 Tot L12 L23 L31 Tot L1 L2 L3 N L12 L23 L31 Tot Voltage RMS THD Crest Factor Frequency Harmonics 0 50 Interharm 0 50 Unbalance Flicker Signalling Events L1 N L1 L2 N L12 Tot L12 L1 L2 L3 Tot L2 L3 Tot L1 L2 L3 N L12 L23 L31 Tot Current RMS T...

Страница 123: ...ve Ener Power factors Legend Quantity included Maximal value for each interval is recorded RMS or arithmetic average for each interval is recorded see 5 1 14 for details Minimal value for each interval is recorded Active RMS or arithmetic average AvgON for each interval is recorded see 5 1 14 for details ...

Страница 124: ...10 12 cycle measurement is resynchronized on each Interval tick according to the IEC 61000 4 30 Class A Measurement methods are based on the digital sampling of the input signals synchronised to the fundamental frequency Each input 4 voltages and 4 currents is simultaneously sampled 5 1 2 Voltage measurement magnitude of supply voltage Standard compliance IEC 61000 4 30 Class S Section 5 2 All vol...

Страница 125: ... range of nominal transducer current Additionally Smart current clamps models offer few measuring ranges and automatic detection 5 1 4 Frequency measurement Standard compliance IEC 61000 4 30 Class A Section 5 1 During RECORDING with aggregation time Interval 10 sec frequency reading is obtained every 10 s The fundamental frequency output is the ratio of the number of integral cycles counted durin...

Страница 126: ...New Power theory splits power to fundamental and nonfundamental components as shown on figure below S apparent power Sfund fundamental apparent power SN non fundamental apparent power Pfund fundamental active power Qfund fundamental reactive power DI current distortion power DV voltage distortion power SH harmonic apparent power PH active harmonic power DH harmonic distortion power Figure 5 2 IEEE...

Страница 127: ...and grouping of the total power quantities Quantity Combined powers Fundamental powers Nonfundamental Powers Apparent VA Se Sefund S Su SeN SeH Active W P P tot PH Nonactive reactive var N Q tot DeI DeV DeH Line utilization PFind cap DPF tot ind cap Harmonic pollution SeN Sfund Combined phase power measurements Standard compliance IEEE STD 1459 2010 All combined fundamental nonfundamental active p...

Страница 128: ...e are calculated differently for three phase four wire 4W and three phase three wire 3W systems Effective voltage Ue and current Ie in 4W systems 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 N I I I I Ie 18 3 2 31 2 23 2 12 2 3 2 2 2 1 U U U U U U Ue 15 Effective voltage Ue and current Ie in 3W systems 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 I I I Ie 9 2 31 2 23 2 12 U U U Ue 16 Fundamental phase power measurements Standard compliance IEEE STD 1459 20...

Страница 129: ... 3 I U P tot W 21 Positive sequence reactive power sin 3 I U Qtot var 22 Positive sequence apparent power I U Stot 3 VA 23 Positive sequence power factor tot tot tot S P DPF 24 U U U0 and are obtained from unbalance calculus See section 5 1 10 for details Nonfundamental phase power measurements Standard compliance IEEE STD 1459 2010 Nonfundamental power measurements are measured according to follo...

Страница 130: ...ies are calculated according to the following equations Total nonfundamental effective apparent power 2 2 2 tot tot tot tot H V I N Se De De Se VA 31 Total effective current distortion power H I Ie Ue De fund tot 3 var where 2 2 fund Ie Ie IeH 32 Total effective voltage distortion power fund H tot Ie Ue DeV 3 var where 2 2 fund Ue Ue UeH 33 Total effective apparent power H H tot Ie Ue SeH VA 34 To...

Страница 131: ...IVE energy based on active power measurement and REACTIVE energy based on fundamental reactive power measurement Each of them has two energy counters for consumed and generated energy Calculations are shown below Active energy Consumed m i p p i T i P Ep 1 kWh p 1 2 3 tot Generated m i p p i T i P Ep 1 kWh p 1 2 3 tot 39 Reactive energy Consumed m i pCap m i Iind p i T i Q i T i Q Eq 1 1 kvarh p 1...

Страница 132: ...ergy during recording over last completed interval It is calculated at end of each interval 3 Current integration period CUR counter measures energy during recording over current time interval Start of Recording Recording Intervals 1 2 3 m m 1 Last interval Current interval Current Time LAST CUR Total Energy TOT Figure 5 5 Instrument energy counters 5 1 7 Harmonics and interharmonics Standard comp...

Страница 133: ... the time window TN N T1 T1 1 f1 Time window is that time span of a time function over which the Fourier transformation is performed ck is the amplitude of the component with frequency 1 10 f k fCk k is the phase of the component ck Uc k is the RMS voltage value of component ck Ic k is the RMS current value of component ck Phase voltage and current harmonics are calculated as RMS value of harmonic...

Страница 134: ...onic subgroup of n th order is calculated using RSS root sum square principle nth voltage interharmonic 8 2 2 10 k k n C n p U ih U p 1 2 3 46 nth current interharmonic 8 2 2 10 k k n C n p I ih I p 1 2 3 47 50 100 150 200 Uc k Uh1 Uh2 Uh3 Uh4 Freqency Uih1 Uih2 Uih3 Figure 5 7 Illustration of harmonics interharmonics subgroup for 50 Hz supply The K factor is a factor that is developed to indicate...

Страница 135: ...g with limits defined in standard 5 1 9 Flicker Standard compliance IEC 61000 4 30 Class A Section 5 3 IEC 61000 4 15 Class F3 Flicker is a visual sensation caused by unsteadiness of a light The level of the sensation depends on the frequency and magnitude of the lighting change and on the observer Change of a lighting flux can be correlated to a voltage envelope on figure below 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 ...

Страница 136: ...component of the voltage input signals U1 U2 U3 measured over a 10 12 cycle time interval The negative sequence ratio u expressed as a percentage is evaluated by 100 U U u 51 The zero sequence ratio u0 expressed as a percentage is evaluated by 100 0 0 U U u 52 Note In 3W systems zero sequence components U0 and I0 are by definition zero The supply current unbalance is evaluated in same fashion 5 1 ...

Страница 137: ...s are always positive values 5 1 12 Voltage events Measurement method Standard compliance IEC 61000 4 30 Class S Section 5 4 The basic measurement for event is URms 1 2 URms 1 2 is value of the RMS voltage measured over 1 cycle commencing at a fundamental zero crossing and refreshed each half cycle The cycle duration for URms 1 2 depends on the frequency which is determined by the last 10 12 cycle...

Страница 138: ...pe On single phase system Connection type 1W a voltage dip begins when the URms 1 2 voltage falls below the dip threshold and ends when the URms 1 2 voltage is equal to or above the dip threshold plus the hysteresis voltage see Figure 5 10 and Figure 5 9 On poly phase systems Connection type 2W 3W 4W Open Delta two different views can be used for evaluation simultaneously o Group view with selecte...

Страница 139: ... swell threshold can be set by the user according to the use Swell Hysteresis is difference in magnitude between the Swell start and Swell end thresholds Instrument event evaluation in Event table screen depends on Connection type On single phase system Connection type 1W a voltage swell begins when the URms 1 2 voltage rises above the swell threshold and ends when the URms 1 2 voltage is equal to...

Страница 140: ...fference in magnitude between the Interrupt start and Interrupt end thresholds The interrupt threshold can be set by the user according to the use Instrument event evaluation in Event table screen depends on Connection type On single phase system 1W a voltage interruption begins when the URms 1 2 voltage falls below the voltage interruption threshold and ends when the URms 1 2 value is equal to or...

Страница 141: ...Generally alarm can be seen as an event on arbitrary quantity Alarms are defined in alarm table see section 3 19 3 for alarm table setup The basic measurement time interval for voltage current active nonactive and apparent power harmonics and unbalance alarms is a 10 12 cycle time interval Each alarm has attributes described in table below Alarm occurs when 10 12 cycle measured value on phases def...

Страница 142: ...1 2 values including the new value is calculated If a new URms 1 2 value crosses RVC threshold RVC event is detected After detection instruments wait for 100 120 half cycles before searching for next voltage steady state If a voltage dip or voltage swell is detected during an RVC event then the RVC event is discarded because the event is not an RVC event RVC event characterisation An RVC event is ...

Страница 143: ...gure The data for the IP time interval are aggregated from 10 12 cycle time intervals according to the figure below The aggregated interval is tagged with the absolute time The time tag is the time at the conclusion of the interval There is overlap during recording as illustrated on figure below RTC End of Interval 10 12 cycles 10 12 cycles 10 12 cycles 10 12 cycles 10 12 cycles 10 12 cycles 1 2 3...

Страница 144: ...mbined Arithmetic average Min Avg AvgOn Max Fundamental Arithmetic average Min Avg AvgOn Max Nonfundamental Arithmetic average Min Avg AvgOn Max Unbalance U RMS Min Avg Max U RMS Min Avg Max U0 RMS Min Avg Max u RMS Min Avg Max u0 RMS Min Avg Max I RMS Min Avg AvgOn Max I RMS Min Avg AvgOn Max I0 RMS Min Avg AvgOn Max i RMS Min Avg AvgOn Max i0 RMS Min Avg AvgOn Max Harmonics DC Uh0 50 RMS Avg Max...

Страница 145: ...0 12 cycle quantity value in active part of interval M number of 10 12 cycles measurements with active non zero value Power and energy recording Active power is aggregated into two different quantities import positive consumed P and export negative generated P Nonactive power and power factor are aggregated into four parts positive inductive i positive capacitive c negative inductive i and negativ...

Страница 146: ...rded Values CONSUMED ACTIVE POWER GENERATED ACTIVE POWER GENERATED REACTIVE POWER CONSUMED REACTIVE POWER Figure 5 15 Consumed generated and inductive capacitive phase polarity diagram 5 1 16 Flagged data Standard compliance IEC 61000 4 30 Class A Section 4 7 During a dip swell or interruption the measurement algorithm for other parameters for example frequency measurement might produce an unrelia...

Страница 147: ...ERAL recorder or by pressing for 3 seconds in any of MEASUREMENTS sub screens Long press on triggers WAVEFORM SNAPSHOT Instrument will record all measured parameters into file Note WAVEFORM SNAPSHOT is automatically created at the start of GENERAL RECORDER 5 2 EN 50160 Standard Overview EN 50160 standard defines describes and specifies the main characteristics of the voltage at a network user s su...

Страница 148: ...ng conditions during each period of one week 95 of the 10 min mean URms values of the supply voltage shall be within the range of UNom 10 and all URms values of the supply voltage shall be within the range of UNom 10 15 5 2 3 Supply voltage unbalance Under normal operating conditions during each period of one week 95 of the 10 min mean RMS values of the negative phase sequence component fundamenta...

Страница 149: ...ission of signals Over 99 of a day the 3 s mean of signal voltages shall be less than or equal to the values given in the following figure Figure 5 17 Mains signalling voltage level limits according to EN50160 5 2 7 Flicker severity Under normal operating conditions in any period of one week the long term flicker severity caused by voltage fluctuation should be Plt 1 for 95 of the time 5 2 8 Volta...

Страница 150: ...60000 U 120 Cell A1 Cell A2 Cell A3 120 U 110 Cell B1 Cell B2 Cell B3 5 2 10 Short interruptions of the supply voltage Under normal operating conditions the annual occurrence of short interruptions of the supply voltage ranges from up to a few tens to up to several hundreds The duration of approximately 70 of the short interruptions may be less than one second 5 2 11 Long interruptions of the supp...

Страница 151: ... during recording Include events option in recorder should be enabled See section 3 19 2 for voltage events settings Figure 5 18 Predefined EN50160 recorder configuration After recording is finished EN 50160 survey is performed on PowerView v3 0 software See PowerView v3 0 manual for details ...

Страница 152: ...r 100 240 V 50 60 Hz 0 4 A CAT II 300 V 12 V DC min 1 2 A Maximum supply consumption 12 V 300 mA without batteries 12 V 1 A while charging batteries Battery charging time 3 hours Communication USB 2 0 Standard USB Type B Ethernet 10Mb The charging time and the operating hours are given for batteries with a nominal capacity of 2000 mAh 6 2 Measurements 6 2 1 General description Max input voltage Ph...

Страница 153: ...Measuring Range Resolution Accuracy Nominal Voltage UNOM 10 UNOM 150 UNOM 10 mV 100mV 0 5 UNOM 50 1000 V L N depends on measured voltage Half cycle RMS voltage events min max U1Rms 1 2 U2Rms 1 2 U3Rms 1 2 U1Min U2Min U3Min U1Max U2Max U3Max AC DC Measuring Range Resolution Accuracy Nominal Voltage UNOM 3 UNOM 150 UNOM 10 mV 100mV 1 0 UNOM 50 1000 V L N depends on measured voltage NOTE Voltage even...

Страница 154: ...ge 1 20 00 422 Vpk 10 mV 100 mV 1 5 UPk Range 2 47 0 V 884 0 Vpk 10 mV 100 mV 1 5 UPk Range 3 346 0 V 3700 Vpk 100 mV 1 V 1 5 UPk 6 2 4 Current Input impedance 100 kΩ 10 12 cycle RMS current I1Rms I2Rms I3Rms INRms AC DC Clamps Range Measuring range Overall current accuracy A 1281 1000 A 100 A 5 A 0 5 A 100 A 1200 A 10 A 175 A 0 5 A 10 A 50 mA 1 A 1 0 IRMS A 1227 3000 A 300 A 30 A 300 A 6000 A 30 ...

Страница 155: ... OverallAcc Peak value I1Pk I2Pk I3Pk INPk AC DC Measurement accessory Peak value Overall current accuracy A 1281 1000 A 100 A 5 A 0 5 A 100 A 1700 A 10 A 250 A 0 5 A 14 A 50 mA 1 4 A 3 0 IPk A 1227 3000 A 300 A 30 A 300 A 8500 A 30 A 850 A 3 A 85 A 4 0 IPk A 1446 6000 A 600 A 60 A 600 A 17 000 A 60 A 1700 A 6 A 170 A 4 0 IPk A 1033 1000 A 100 A 20 A 1400 A 2 A 140 A 3 5 IPk A 1122 5 A 100 mA 14 A...

Страница 156: ...s Flicker type Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Pinst 0 400 4 000 0 001 5 Pinst Pst 0 400 4 000 5 Pst Plt 0 400 4 000 5 Plt 6 2 7 Combined power Combined Power Measuring range Accuracy Active power W P1 P2 P3 Ptot 0 000 k 999 9 M 4 digits Excluding clamps Instrument only 0 5 P With flex clamps A 1227 3000 A A 1446 6000 A 2 0 P With iron clamps A 1281 1000 A 1 0 P Nonactive power var N1 N2 N3 Nt...

Страница 157: ...A 1281 1000 A 1 0 Pfund Reactive fundamental power var Qfund1 Qfund2 Qfund3 Q tot 0 000 k 999 9 M 4 digits Excluding clamps Instrument only 0 5 Qfund With flex clamps A 1227 3000 A A 1446 6000 A 2 0 Qfund With iron clamps A 1281 1000 A 1 0 Qfund Apparent fundamental power VA Sfund1 Sfund2 Sfund3 S tot 0 000 k 999 9 M 4 digits Excluding clamps Instrument only 0 5 Sfund With flex clamps A 1227 3000 ...

Страница 158: ...S 2 0 DV Harmonics distortion power var DH1 DH2 DH3 DeH 0 000 k 999 9 M 4 digits Excluding clamps Instrument only DH 1 S 2 0 DH Apparent nonfundamental power VA SN1 SN2 SN3 SeN 0 000 k 999 9 M 4 digits Excluding clamps Instrument only SN 1 S 1 0 SN Apparent harmonic power VA SH1 SH2 SH3 SeH 0 000 k 999 9 M 4 digits Excluding clamps Instrument only SH 1 S 2 0 SH Accuracy values are valid if I 10 IN...

Страница 159: ...q With A 1281 Multirange clamps 1000 A 000 000 000 001 999 999 999 999 1 0 Eq With A 1033 1000 A 000 000 000 001 999 999 999 999 2 0 Eq Accuracy values are valid if cos φ 0 80 I 10 INom and U 80 UNom Accuracy values are valid if sin φ 0 50 I 10 INom and U 80 UNom 6 2 13 Voltage harmonics and THD Measuring range Resolution Accuracy UhN 3 UNom 10 mV 0 15 UNom 3 UNom UhN 20 UNom 10 mV 5 UhN UNom Nomi...

Страница 160: ...th 50th 6 2 16 Current interharmonics Measuring range Resolution Accuracy IhN 10 INom 10 mV 0 15 INom 10 INom IhN 100 10 mV 5 IihN INom Nominal current RMS IihN measured interharmonic current N interharmonic component 0th 50th 6 2 17 Signalling Measuring range Resolution Accuracy 1 UNom USig 3 UNom 10 mV 0 15 UNom 3 UNom USig 20 UNom 10 mV 5 USig UNom Nominal current RMS USig Measured signalling v...

Страница 161: ... 60 Hz power system Instrument provides approximately 3 readings per second continuous sampling All channels are sampled simultaneously For harmonics measurement input samples are resampled in order to assure that sampling frequency is continuously synchronized with main frequency Recording quantities Voltage current frequency crest factors power energy 50 harmonics 50 interharmonics flickers sign...

Страница 162: ...min 30 days 2 min 60 days 5 min 60 days 10 min 15 min 30 min 60 min 120 min At least 2 GB of free space should be available on microSD card 6 3 2 Waveform snapshot Sampling 7 kSamples s continuous sampling per channel All channels are sampled simultaneously Recording time 10 12 cycle period Recording quantities Waveform samples of U1 U2 U3 U12 U23 U31 I1 I2 I3 IN all measurements Trigger Manual ...

Страница 163: ...and direct voltage measurement SS Indirect current and indirect voltage measurement Temperature K50 Humidity altitude Standard Measurement characteristics Function symbols Class according to IEC 61557 12 Measuring range P 2 2 200 INom 1 Q 2 2 200 INom 1 S 2 2 200 INom 1 Ep 2 2 200 INom 1 Eq 3 2 200 INom 1 eS 2 2 200 INom 1 PF 0 5 1 1 I INom 0 5 2 INom 200 INom Ihn 1 0 100 INom THDi 2 0 100 INom 1 ...

Страница 164: ... uncertainty S 4 7 Flagging A 5 1 Frequency Freq A 5 2 Magnitude of the Supply U S 5 3 Flicker Pst Plt A 5 4 Dips and Swells UDip USwell duration S 5 5 Interruptions duration S 5 7 Unbalance u u0 S 5 8 Voltage Harmonics Uh0 50 S 5 9 Voltage Interharmonics Uih0 50 S 5 10 Mains signalling voltage USig S 5 12 Underdeviation and overdeviation UUnder UOver A Instrument aggregate measurement according t...

Страница 165: ...strument is switched off before opening battery compartment cover see Figure 2 4 2 Insert batteries as shown in figure below insert batteries correctly otherwise the instrument will not operate and the batteries could be discharged or damaged Figure 7 1 Battery compartment 3 Turn the instrument upside down see figure below and put the cover on the batteries 1 Battery cells 2 Serial number label ...

Страница 166: ...able NiMH batteries type HR 6 size AA are recommended The charging time and the operating hours are given for batteries with a nominal capacity of 2000 mAh If the instrument is not going to be used for a long period of time remove all batteries from the battery compartment The enclosed batteries can supply the instrument for approx 6 hours 7 2 Batteries Instrument contains rechargeable NiMH batter...

Страница 167: ... entire battery pack heating of the battery pack significantly decreased operation time If no improvement is achieved after performing several charging discharging cycles the state of individual batteries should be determined by comparing battery voltages checking them in a cell charger etc It is very likely that only some of the batteries are deteriorated The effects described above should not be...

Страница 168: ...th USB cable 2 Establish USB communication between them In PowerView go to Tools Options menu and set USB connection as shown on figure below Figure 7 4 Selecting USB communication 3 Click on Help Check for Firmware updates Figure 7 5 Check for Firmware menu 4 Version checker window will appear on the screen Click on Start button ...

Страница 169: ...ew will notify you that new version of FW is available Click on Yes to proceed Figure 7 7 New firmware is available for download 6 After update is downloaded FlashMe application will be launched This application will actually upgrade instrument FW Click on RUN to proceed Figure 7 8 FlashMe firmware upgrade software ...

Страница 170: ...t where instrument is connected Click then on Continue to proceed Figure 7 9 FlashMe configuration screen 8 Instrument upgrade process should begin Please wait until all steps are finished Note that this step should not be interrupted as instrument will not work properly If upgrade process goes wrong please contact your distributor or Metrel directly We will help you to resolve issue and recover i...

Страница 171: ...teries are charged whenever the power supply adapter charger is connected to the instrument Inbuilt protection circuit controls the charging procedure and assure maximal battery lifetime Batteries will be charged only if their temperature is less than 40 0 C If the instrument is left without batteries and charger for more than 2 minutes time and date settings are reset 7 5 Cleaning To clean the su...

Страница 172: ...sufficient 7 7 Service For repairs under or out of warranty please contact your distributor for further information 7 8 Troubleshooting If ESC button is pressed while switching on the instrument the instrument will not start Batteries have to be removed and inserted back After that the instrument will start normally Manufacturer address METREL d d Ljubljanska 77 SI 1354 Horjul Slovenia Tel 386 1 7...

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