Kurzweil KDFX, Руководство пользователя

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Inside KDFX
Gain Staging
3-22
They are not as good a choice as Flat for re-sampling, since the boosted noise may become quite
noticeable if the sample is played transposed down a couple of octaves. In addition, repeated
re-sampling would cause build-up at the boosted frequencies.
None Ñno dither. This is provided primarily for completeness. You generally never want to use
this setting, unless you are studying dither in a classroom, or you want to speciÞcally hear
digital artifacts. Low level signals are extremely distorted using this setting.
Gain Staging
Proper gain stagingÑthat is, keeping track of gain changes as the signal moves through the
various components of KDFXÑis helpful in geting the most out of KDFX.
While KDFX has plenty of headroom available for most processing, you may run into problems
of digital clipping if extremely high Þlter resonances or large amounts of distortion are present
on an FX Bus. Most headroom problems are best dealt with as ÒlocallyÓ as possibleÑrather
than turning down a ProgramÕs output to reduce clipping, youÕre usually better off turning
down the offending BusÕs In or Out Gain (using a Bus Override to get inside the FX Preset) or
the Aux and/or Mix outputs.
Another potential problem is that the gain of a Program might change drastically when you
change Studios, due to an effect being added or removed that itself changes the gain, such as
distortion, quantization, or compression. In these cases, again, it can help when you are
designing the studio to adjust the FX PresetÕs In or Out Gains or the BusÕs Aux or Mix outputs
to balance the levels, so that the volume coming from the Program is roughly the same whether
or not the effect is present. You can check your work by scrolling through different Studios or
FXPresets (particularly the factory ones) and making sure the levels donÕt jump out at you or
disappear.
As we mentioned earlier, hard-panning a signal can have an effect on the gain. The Pan,
Balance, and Width controls all have constant power curves, so that the combined signal level
doesnÕt change when you move the signals from side to side. This means, however, that when
you use these controls to isolate individual channels through an entire Studio by hard-panning
the signals, there can be a substantial increase in gain. Each stage of hard-panning adds 3 dB, so
if youÕve panned the Input send, the Aux send, the Mix send, and the Mix output all to 100%,
youÕve boosted the signal by 12 dB. If this happens, you might want to back off the level at
various stages to keep the signals from getting too hot.