b
2
V
2refl
Z
0
---------------------
=
Measurement Concepts
Keysight
N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide
49
It is interesting to note that delta voltages and currents are
used as opposed to RMS values. This is done because we
deal with modulation signals in describing lightwave
transducers, where a change in optical power is proportional
to a change in electrical current or voltage.
The overall system forward gain is defined as:
S
21
b
2
a
1
------
a
2
0
=
=
S
12
0
=
(no reverse transmission is
assumed)
Though the overall system gain is defined as an S- parameter,
the individual transfer functions of the EO and OE devices
are typically defined in terms of responsivities, because
signals in both the optical and electrical domain are used
and optical signals do not lend themselves conveniently to S-
parameter definitions. Initially, the input impedance of the
EO converter and the output impedance of the OE converter
will be assumed to be Z
0
(thus S
11
and S
22
are zero).
R
s
P
0
I
i
----------
E/O source resp
=
=
and
R
r
I
2
P
0
----------
O/E receiver res
=
=
I
2
Z
0
=
reflected from E/O device
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