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Chapter 7 Tutorial

Modulation

7

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

PWM is used in digital audio applications, motor control circuitry,
switching power supplies, and other control applications. The Keysight
33210A provides PWM for pulse waveforms, and PWM is the only type of
modulation supported for pulse waveforms. For PWM, the amplitude of
the modulating waveform is sampled digitally and used to control the
pulse width or duty cycle of the pulse waveform.

Pulse Width Modulation

The variation of pulse width in the modulated waveform from the pulse
width of the pulse waveform is called the width deviation. The deviation
can also be expressed in terms of duty cycle (as a percentage referenced
to the period of the pulse waveform), which is called the duty cycle
deviation. In PWM the deviation of width or duty cycle is symmetrical
around the pulse width or duty cycle of the original pulse waveform. For
example, if you specify a pulse waveform with a 10% duty cycle, and then
specify PWM with a duty cycle deviation of 5%, the modulated waveform
will have a pulse that varies in duty cycle from 5% to 15% under control
of the modulating waveform.

Modulating Signal

Modulated Waveform

33210A users guide.book Page 328 Wednesday, July 16, 2008 11:16 AM

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Содержание 33210A

Страница 1: ...Keysight 33210A 10 MHz Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator User s Guide ...

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Страница 4: ...recise pulse waveform capabilities with adjustable edge time LCD display provides numeric and graphical views Easy to use knob and numeric keypad Instrument state storage with user defined names Portable ruggedized case with non skid feet Flexible system features Four optional downloadable 8K point arbitrary waveform memories Option 002 GPIB IEEE 488 USB and LAN remote interfaces are standard LXI ...

Страница 5: ...On Off Switch 3 Modulation Sweep Burst Keys 4 State Storage Menu Key 5 Utility Menu Key 6 Help Menu Key 7 Menu Operation Softkeys 8 Waveform Selection Keys 9 Manual Trigger Key used for Sweep and Burst only 10 Output Enable Disable Key 11 Knob 12 Cursor Keys 13 Sync Connector 14 Output Connector 33210A users guide book Page 3 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 6: ...n Information Status Units Display Icon Softkey Labels Graph Mode To enter or exit the Graph Mode press the key In Graph Mode only one parameter label Signal Parameter Name Parameter Value Ground is displayed for each key at one time 33210A users guide book Page 4 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 7: ...ed number 1 Use the keys below the knob to move the cursor left or right 2 Rotate the knob to change a digit clockwise to increase Use the keypad to enter numbers and the softkeys to select units 1 Key in a value as you would on a typical calculator 2 Select a unit to enter the value 33210A users guide book Page 5 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 8: ...hassis ground screw see above to a good earth ground 1 External 10 MHz Reference Input Terminal Option 001 only 2 Internal 10 MHz Reference Output Terminal Option 001 only 3 External Modulation Input Terminal 4 Input External Trigger Burst Gate Output Trigger Output 5 USB Interface Connector 6 LAN Interface Connector 7 GPIB Interface Connector 8 Chassis Ground Use the menu to Select the GPIB addre...

Страница 9: ...the remote interface Remote Interface Reference Chapter 4 contains reference information to help you program the function generator over the remote interface Error Messages Chapter 5 lists the error messages that may appear as you are working with the function generator Each listing contains information to help you diagnose and solve the problem Application Programs Chapter 6 contains several remo...

Страница 10: ...l support information In the United States 800 829 4444 In Europe 31 20 547 2111 In Japan 0120 421 345 Or use our Web link for information on contacting Keysight worldwide www keysight com find assist Or contact your Keysight Technologies Representative 33210A users guide book Page 8 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 11: ...w a Waveform Graph 25 To Output a Stored Arbitrary Waveform 26 To Use the Built In Help System 27 To Rack Mount the Function Generator 29 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation 31 Front Panel Menu Reference 33 To Select the Output Termination 35 To Reset the Function Generator 35 To Output a Modulated Waveform 36 To Output a PWM Waveform 38 To Output a Frequency Sweep 40 To Output a Burst Waveform 4...

Страница 12: ...Simplified Programming Overview 160 Using the APPLy Command 162 Output Configuration Commands 171 Pulse Configuration Commands 184 Amplitude Modulation AM Commands 189 Frequency Modulation FM Commands 193 Pulse Width Modulation PWM Commands 197 Frequency Sweep Commands 203 Burst Mode Commands 211 Triggering Commands 219 Arbitrary Waveform Commands Option 002 222 State Storage Commands 233 System R...

Страница 13: ...tion Programs 299 Introduction 300 Program Listings 302 Chapter 7 Tutorial 309 Direct Digital Synthesis 311 Creating Arbitrary Waveforms Option 002 314 Square Waveform Generation 316 Pulse Waveform Generation 317 Signal Imperfections 318 Output Amplitude Control 320 Ground Loops 322 Attributes of AC Signals 323 Modulation 326 Frequency Sweep 329 Burst 331 Chapter 8 Specifications 333 33210A users ...

Страница 14: ...12 Contents Contents 33210A users guide book Page 12 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 15: ...1 1 Quick Start 33210A users guide book Page 13 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 16: ... To Adjust the Carrying Handle on page 16 To Set the Output Frequency on page 17 To Set the Output Amplitude on page 18 To Set a DC Offset Voltage on page 20 To Set the High Level and Low Level Values on page 21 To Select DC Volts on page 22 To Set the Duty Cycle of a Square Wave on page 23 To Configure a Pulse Waveform on page 24 To View a Waveform Graph on page 25 To Output a Stored Arbitrary Wa...

Страница 17: ... self test which takes a few seconds When the instrument is ready for use it displays a message about how to obtain help along with the current GPIB address and USB identification string The function generator powers up in the sine wave function at 1 kHz with an amplitude of 100 mV peak to peak into a 50Ω termination At power on the Output connector is disabled To enable the Output connector press...

Страница 18: ...dle 1 To Adjust the Carrying Handle To adjust the position grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward Then rotate the handle to the desired position Carrying Position Extended Retracted 33210A users guide book Page 16 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 19: ...ed if the present value is valid for the new function To set the waveform period instead press the Freq softkey again to toggle to the Period softkey the current selection is highlighted 2 Enter the magnitude of the desired frequency Using the numeric keypad enter the value 1 2 3 Select the desired units Press the softkey that corresponds to the desired units When you select the units the function...

Страница 20: ... is valid for the new function To set the amplitude using a high level and low level press the Ampl softkey again to toggle to the HiLevel and LoLevel softkeys the current selection is highlighted 2 Enter the magnitude of the desired amplitude Using the numeric keypad enter the value 50 3 Select the desired units Press the softkey that corresponds to the desired units When you select the units the...

Страница 21: ...t the new units Press the softkey that corresponds to the desired units The displayed value is converted to the new units For this example press the Vpp softkey to convert 50 mVrms to its equivalent in volts peak to peak To change the displayed amplitude by decades press the right cursor key to move the cursor to the units on the right side of the display Then rotate the knob to increase or decrea...

Страница 22: ...elected When you change functions the same offset is used if the present value is valid for the new function 2 Enter the magnitude of the desired offset Using the numeric keypad enter the value 1 5 3 Select the desired units Press the softkey that corresponds to the desired units When you select the units the function generator outputs the waveform with the displayed offset if the output is enable...

Страница 23: ...Press the Ampl softkey to select Ampl 2 Press the softkey again to toggle to HiLevel Note that both the Ampl and Offset softkeys toggle together to HiLevel and LoLevel respectively 3 Set the HiLevel value Using the numeric keypad or the knob select a value of 1 0 V If you are using the keypad you will need to select the unit V to enter the value 4 Press the LoLevel softkey and set the value Again ...

Страница 24: ...tant dc voltage as an Offset value Let s set DC Volts 1 0 Vdc 1 Press and then select the DC On softkey The Offset value becomes selected 2 Enter the desired voltage level as an Offset Enter 1 0 Vdc with the numeric keypad or knob You can enter any dc voltage from 5 Vdc to 5 Vdc 33210A users guide book Page 22 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 25: ...y to any value up to 5 MHz 2 Press the Duty Cycle softkey The displayed duty cycle is either the power on value or the percentage previously selected The duty cycle represents the amount of time per cycle that the square wave is at a high level note the icon on the right side of the display 3 Enter the desired duty cycle Using the numeric keypad or the knob select a duty cycle value of 30 The func...

Страница 26: ...rameters 2 Set the pulse period Press the Period softkey and then set the pulse period to 500 ms 3 Set the pulse width Press the Width softkey and then set the pulse width to 10 ms The pulse width represents the time from the 50 threshold of the rising edge to the 50 threshold of the next falling edge note the display icon 4 Set the edge time for both edges Press the Edge Time softkey and then set...

Страница 27: ...ay and the parameter s numeric value field are both highlighted 2 Select the desired parameter To select a specific parameter note the softkey labels at the bottom of the display For example to select period press the Period softkey As in the normal display mode you can edit numbers using either the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys Parameters which normally toggle when you press a key a ...

Страница 28: ...a temporary message is displayed indicating which waveform is currently selected the default is exponential rise 2 Select the active waveform Press the Select Wform softkey and then press the Built In softkey to select from the five built in waveforms Then press the Exp Fall softkey The waveform is output using the present settings for frequency amplitude and offset unless you change them The sele...

Страница 29: ...unction key Press and hold down the key If the message contains more information than will fit on the display press the softkey or turn the knob clockwise to view the remaining information Press DONE to exit Help 2 View the help information for a menu softkey Press and hold down the Freq softkey If the message contains more information than will fit on the display press the softkey or rotate the k...

Страница 30: ...s the frequency limit for the selected function a message will be displayed The built in help system provides additional information on the most recent message to be displayed Press the key select the first topic View the last message displayed and then press SELECT Press DONE to exit Help Local Language Help The built in help system in available in multiple languages All messages context sensitiv...

Страница 31: ...ded with each rack mounting kit Any Keysight System II instrument of the same size can be rack mounted beside the Keysight 33210A Note Remove the carrying handle and the front and rear rubber bumpers before rack mounting the instrument To remove the handle rotate it to vertical and pull the ends outward To remove the rubber bumper stretch a corner and then slide it off Rear bottom view Front 33210...

Страница 32: ... lock link kit 5061 8769 and flange kit 5063 9212 Be sure to use the support rails in the rack cabinet In order to prevent overheating do not block the flow of air into or out of the instrument Be sure to allow enough clearance at the rear sides and bottom of the instrument to permit adequate internal air flow 33210A users guide book Page 30 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 33: ...2 2 Front Panel Menu Operation 33210A users guide book Page 31 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 34: ...for a complete discussion of the function generator s capabilities and operation Front Panel Menu Reference on page 33 To Select the Output Termination on page 35 To Reset the Function Generator on page 35 To Output a Modulated Waveform on page 36 To Output a PWM Waveform on page 38 To Output a Frequency Sweep on page 40 To Output a Burst Waveform on page 42 To Trigger a Sweep or Burst on page 44 ...

Страница 35: ...top frequencies or center span frequencies Select the time in seconds required to complete a sweep Specify a marker frequency Specify an internal or external trigger source for the sweep Specify the slope rising or falling edge for an external trigger source Specify the slope rising or falling edge of the Trig Out signal Configure the parameters for burst Select the triggered N Cycle or externally...

Страница 36: ...onfiguration Select how periods and commas are used in numbers displayed on the front panel Select the local language for front panel messages and help text Enable disable the tone heard when an error is generated Enable disable the display bulb saver mode Adjust the contrast setting of the front panel display Perform an instrument self test Secure unsecure the instrument for calibration and perfo...

Страница 37: ...xpected load 1 Press 2 Navigate the menu to set the output termination Press the Output Setup softkey and then select the Load softkey 3 Select the desired output termination Use the knob or numeric keypad to select the desired load impedance or press the Load softkey again to choose High Z To Reset the Function Generator To reset the instrument to its factory default state press and then select t...

Страница 38: ...ating waveform will be a 200 Hz sine wave 1 Select the function frequency and amplitude of the carrier Press and then press the Freq Ampl and Offset softkeys to configure the carrier waveform For this example select a 5 kHz sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp 2 Select AM Press and then select AM using the Type softkey Notice that a status message AM by Sine is shown in the upper left corner of th...

Страница 39: ...ct the modulating waveform shape Press the Shape softkey to select the shape of the modulating waveform For this example select a sine wave At this point the function generator outputs an AM waveform with the specified modulation parameters if the output is enabled 6 View the waveform Press to view the waveform parameters To turn off the Graph Mode press again 33210A users guide book Page 37 Wedne...

Страница 40: ...m For this example you will specify a pulse width and pulse width deviation for a 1 kHz pulse waveform with a 100 Hz sine wave modulating waveform 1 Select the carrier waveform parameters Press and then press the Freq Ampl Offset Width and Edge Time softkeys to configure the carrier waveform For this example select a 1 kHz pulse waveform with an amplitude of 1 Vpp a zero offset a pulse width of 10...

Страница 41: ...t a sine wave At this point the function generator outputs a PWM waveform with the specified modulation parameters if the output is enabled 6 View the waveform Press to view the waveform and parameters To turn off the Graph Mode press again Of course to really view the PWM waveform you would need to output it to an oscilloscope If you do this you will see how the pulse width varies in this case fr...

Страница 42: ...rnal sweep trigger linear spacing and 1 second sweep time 1 Select the function and amplitude for the sweep For sweeps you can select sine square or ramp waveforms pulse noise dc and arbitrary waveforms are not allowed For this example select a sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp 2 Select the sweep mode Press and then verify that the linear sweep mode is currently selected Notice that a status me...

Страница 43: ...es of the sweep using a center frequency and frequency span These parameters are similar to the start frequency and stop frequency and are included to give you added flexibility To achieve the same results set the center frequency to 2 525 kHz and the frequency span to 4 950 kHz 5 View the waveform Press to view the waveform parameters To turn off the Graph Mode press again You can generate a sing...

Страница 44: ... default settings internal burst source and 0 degree starting phase 1 Select the function and amplitude for the burst For burst waveforms you can select sine square or ramp waveforms pulse noise dc and arbitrary waveforms are not allowed For this example select a sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp 2 Select the burst mode Press and then verify that the N Cycle internally triggered mode is current...

Страница 45: ...tputs a continuous three cycle burst if the output is enabled 5 View the waveform Press to view the waveform parameters To turn off the Graph Mode press again You can generate a single burst with the specified count by pressing the key For more information see To Trigger a Sweep or Burst on page 44 You can also use an external gate signal to either turn the burst signal on or off based on the exte...

Страница 46: ...rator outputs continuously when the sweep or burst mode is selected Manual triggering initiates one sweep or outputs one burst each time you press the key from the front panel Continue pressing this key to re trigger the function generator The key is disabled when in remote the remote icon turns on while in remote and when a function other than sweep or burst is currently selected or when the outp...

Страница 47: ...racter must be a letter but the remaining characters can be letters numbers or the underscore character _ To add additional characters press the right cursor key until the cursor is to the right of the existing name and then turn the knob To delete all characters to the right of the cursor position press To use numbers in the name you can enter them directly from the numeric keypad Use the decimal...

Страница 48: ... CDs and the software they contain GPIB Configuration You need only select a GPIB address 1 Select the I O menu Press and then press the I O softkey 2 Set the GPIB address Use the knob and cursor keys or the numeric keypad to select a GPIB address in the range 0 through 30 the factory default is 10 The GPIB address is shown on the front panel display at power on 3 Exit the menu Press the DONE soft...

Страница 49: ... can select Modify Settings to change the LAN settings or Current Config to view the current LAN settings including the MAC address Press Modify Settings From this menu you can select Reset LAN to restart the LAN IP Setup to set an IP address and related parameters DNS Setup to configure DNS or Password to set a password for the Web Server Interface Note To set a password use the knob and cursor k...

Страница 50: ...gn an IP address Auto IP will attempt to do so after a time out period However if you cannot establish communication by means of DHCP or Auto IP you will need to manually set an IP address and a subnet mask and gateway address if they are in use Follow these steps a Set the IP Address Press the softkeys to select DHCP Off and Auto IP Off The manual selection softkeys appear and the current IP addr...

Страница 51: ... enter the gateway address in the IP address format using the keypad d Exit the IP Setup menu Press DONE to return to the Modify Settings menu 7 Configure the DNS Setup optional DNS Domain Name Service is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses Ask your network administrator whether DNS is in use and if it is for the host name domain name and DNS server address to use St...

Страница 52: ... about IP Addresses and Dot Notation Dot notation addresses nnn nnn nnn nnn where nnn is a byte value such as IP addresses must be expressed with care This is because most web software on the PC will interpret byte values with leading zeros as octal numbers Thus 255 255 020 011 is actually equivalent to the decimal 255 255 16 9 rather than 255 255 20 11 because 020 is interpreted as 16 expressed i...

Страница 53: ...3 3 Features and Functions 33210A users guide book Page 51 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 54: ... page 106 Optional Arbitrary Waveforms Option 002 on page 112 System Related Operations on page 119 Remote Interface Configuration on page 128 External Timebase Reference Option 001 on page 137 Calibration Overview on page 139 Factory Default Settings on page 143 Throughout this manual the following conventions are used for SCPI command syntax for remote interface programming Square brackets indic...

Страница 55: ...ot ramp pulse noise dc or arbitrary You can also modulate pulse using PWM Linear or logarithmic frequency sweeping is available for sine square and ramp waveforms but not pulse noise dc or arbitrary You can generate a burst waveform using sine square and ramp waveforms but not pulse noise dc or arbitrary The default function is sine wave The table below shows which output functions are allowed wit...

Страница 56: ...o the differences in crest factor for the various output functions For example if you output a 5 Vrms square wave into 50 ohms and then change to the sine wave function the function generator will automatically adjust the output amplitude to 3 536 Vrms the upper limit for sine in Vrms Front Panel Operation To select a function press any key in the top row of function keys Press to output the arbit...

Страница 57: ...ne and square waveforms frequencies above 3 MHz are allowed only with an infinite burst count Cycle Limitations For square waveforms the function generator may not be able to use the full range of duty cycle values at higher frequencies as shown below 20 to 80 to 5 MHz 40 to 60 to 10 MHz If you change to a frequency that cannot produce the current duty cycle the duty cycle is automatically adjuste...

Страница 58: ...Voffset Limits Due to Output Termination If you change the output termination setting the displayed output amplitude will be adjusted and no error will be generated For example if you set the amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change the output termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the amplitude displayed on the function generator s front panel will double to 20 Vpp If you change from high impedanc...

Страница 59: ...tion in the output you can disable the voltage autoranging feature as described on page 64 You can also set the amplitude with an associated offset voltage by specifying a high level and low level For example if you set the high level to 2 volts and the low level to 3 volts the resulting amplitude is 5 Vpp with an offset voltage of 500 mV For dc volts the output level is actually controlled by set...

Страница 60: ...ected output termination 5 volts for a 50Ω load or 10 volts for a high impedance load Voffset Vmax If the specified offset voltage is not valid the function generator will automatically adjust it to the maximum dc voltage allowed with the amplitude specified Limits Due to Output Termination The offset limits are determined by the current output termination setting For example if you set the offset...

Страница 61: ...set the dc level to any value between 5 Vdc into 50 ohms or 10 Vdc into an open circuit To select dc volts from the front panel press and then select the DC On softkey Press the Offset softkey to set the desired offset voltage level Front Panel Operation To set the dc offset press the Offset softkey for the selected function Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired offset To set th...

Страница 62: ...you select VRMS from the remote interface the units are displayed as VRMS on the front panel The output units for amplitude cannot be set to dBm if the output termination is currently set to high impedance The units are automatically converted to Vpp Front Panel Operation Use the numeric keypad to enter the desired magnitude and then press the appropriate softkey to select the units You can also c...

Страница 63: ...mple if you set the offset to 100 mVdc and specify a 50 ohm load but are terminating the output into an open circuit the actual offset will be 200 mVdc If you change the output termination setting the displayed output amplitude and offset levels are automatically adjusted no error will be generated For example if you set the amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change the output termination from 50 ohms t...

Страница 64: ...sed Limits Due to Frequency If the square wave function is selected and you change to a frequency that cannot produce the current duty cycle the duty cycle is automatically adjusted to the maximum value for the new frequency For example if you currently have the duty cycle set to 70 and then change the frequency to 6 MHz the function generator will automatically adjust the duty cycle to 60 the upp...

Страница 65: ...rface reset assuming the Power On state is set to default The symmetry setting is remembered when you change from ramp wave to another function When you return to the ramp function the previous symmetry is used If use select a ramp waveform as the modulating waveform for AM FM or PWM the symmetry setting does not apply Front Panel Operation After selecting the ramp function press the Symmetry soft...

Страница 66: ...eve the minimum amplitude that is available with autoranging on Front Panel Operation Press and select the Output Setup softkey Then press the Range softkey again to toggle between the Auto and Hold selections Remote Interface Operation VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON ONCE The APPLy command overrides the voltage autorange setting and automatically enables autoranging Output Control You can disable or en...

Страница 67: ...the examples below the waveform is inverted relative to the offset voltage Any offset voltage present will remain unchanged when the waveform is inverted When a waveform is inverted the Sync signal associated with the waveform is not inverted Front Panel Operation Press and select the Output Setup softkey Then press the Normal softkey again to toggle between the Normal and Invert selections Remote...

Страница 68: ...is a TTL high when the waveform s output is positive relative to zero volts or the dc offset value The Sync signal is a TTL low when the output is negative relative to zero volts or the dc offset value For square waveforms the Sync signal is a square waveform with the same duty cycle as the main output The Sync signal is a TTL high when the waveform s output is positive relative to zero volts or t...

Страница 69: ...the Sync signal is a TTL high when the burst begins The Sync signal is a TTL low at the end of the specified number of cycles may not be the zero crossing point if the waveform has an associated start phase For an infinite count burst the Sync signal is the same as for a continuous waveform For an externally gated burst the Sync signal follows the external gate signal However note that the signal ...

Страница 70: ...wn below The function generator will adjust the pulse width and edge time as needed to accommodate the specified period Period Pulse Width 1 6 X Edge Time Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press the Freq softkey again to toggle to the Period softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired pulse period Remote Interface Operation PULSe PERiod seconds MINimum M...

Страница 71: ...e function generator will adjust the pulse width as needed to accommodate the specified period Pulse Width Period Wmin The specified pulse width must be less than the difference between the period and the edge time as shown below The function generator will automatically adjust the pulse width as needed to accommodate the specified period Pulse Width Period 1 6 X Edge Time The pulse width must als...

Страница 72: ...ied period Duty Cycle 100 X Wmin Period and Duty Cycle 100 X 1 Wmin Period where Wmin 40 ns for period 10 s Wmin 200 ns for period 10 s but 100 s Wmin 2 µs for period 100 s but 1000 s The specified pulse duty cycle must conform to the following restriction determined by the edge time The function generator will adjust the pulse duty cycle as needed to accommodate the specified period Duty Cycle 10...

Страница 73: ...ge time is 20 ns The specified edge time must fit within the specified pulse width as shown below The function generator will adjust the edge time as needed to accommodate the specified pulse width Edge Time 0 625 X Pulse Width or in terms of duty cycle Edge Time 0 625 X Period X Duty Cycle 100 Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press the Edge Time softkey Then use the knob o...

Страница 74: ... you cannot enable AM and FM at the same time When you enable AM the previous modulation mode is turned off The function generator will not allow AM to be enabled at the same time that sweep or burst is enabled When you enable AM the sweep or burst mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must enable AM before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press and then select AM using the...

Страница 75: ... single command Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function selected as shown below The default is 1 kHz for all functions Front Panel Operation To set the carrier frequency press the Freq softkey for the selected function Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Remote Interface Operation FREQuency frequency MINimum MAXimum You can also use th...

Страница 76: ... but you cannot use ramp pulse noise dc or arbitrary as the carrier waveform If you select an arbitrary waveform as the modulating waveshape the waveform is automatically limited to 4K points Extra waveform points are removed using decimation Note Arbitrary waveforms are optionally available with the 33210A Option 002 To upgrade your 33210A to include arbitrary waveform functionality go to www key...

Страница 77: ...h 0 to 120 The default is 100 Note that even at greater than 100 depth the function generator will not exceed 5V peak on the output into a 50Ω load If you select the External modulating source the carrier waveform is modulated with an external waveform The modulation depth is controlled by the 5V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the modulat...

Страница 78: ...depth is controlled by the 5V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the modulation depth to 100 then when the modulating signal is at 5 volts the output will be at the maximum amplitude When the modulating signal is at 5 volts then the output will be at the minimum amplitude Front Panel Operation After enabling AM press the Source softkey Remote...

Страница 79: ...e time When you enable FM the previous modulation mode is turned off The function generator will not allow FM to be enabled at the same time that sweep or burst is enabled When you enable FM the sweep or burst mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must enable FM before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press and then select FM using the Type softkey The FM waveform is output...

Страница 80: ...use ramp pulse noise dc or arbitrary as the carrier waveform Front Panel Operation Press either the or the front panel function key Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 33210A users guide book Page 78 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 81: ...equal to the maximum frequency for the selected function plus 100 kHz 10 1 MHz for sine and square waveforms If you attempt to set the deviation to a value that is not valid the function generator will automatically adjust it to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency Front Panel Operation To set the carrier frequency press the Freq softkey for the selected function Then use t...

Страница 82: ...ut you cannot use use ramp pulse noise dc or arbitrary as the carrier waveform If you select an arbitrary waveform as the modulating waveshape the waveform is automatically limited to 4K points Extra waveform points are removed using decimation Note Arbitrary waveforms are optionally available with the 33210A Option 002 To upgrade your 33210A to include arbitrary waveform functionality go to www k...

Страница 83: ... an internal or external modulation source for FM Modulating frequency internal source 2 mHz to 20 kHz The default is 10 Hz Front Panel Operation After enabling FM press the FM Freq softkey Remote Interface Operation FM INTernal FREQuency frequency MINimum MAXimum 33210A users guide book Page 81 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 84: ...tion to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency The sum of the carrier frequency and deviation must be less than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected function plus 100 kHz 10 1 MHz for sine and square waveforms If you attempt to set the deviation to a value that is not valid the function generator will limit it to the maximum value allowed with the present carrie...

Страница 85: ...is controlled by the 5V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the deviation to 100 kHz then a 5V signal level corresponds to a 100 kHz increase in frequency Lower external signal levels produce less deviation and negative signal levels reduce the frequency below the carrier frequency Front Panel Operation After enabling FM press the Source softk...

Страница 86: ... only allows PWM to be selected for a pulse waveform and PWM is the only modulation type supported for pulse The function generator will not allow PWM to be enabled at the same time that sweep or burst is enabled Front Panel Operation You must enable PWM before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press to select pulse and then press to turn on modulation PWM is selected as the only m...

Страница 87: ...ion frequency amplitude and offset with a single command Pulse Period The range for the pulse period is 200 ns to 1000 s The default is 1 ms Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press the Freq softkey again to toggle to the Period softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired pulse period Remote Interface Operation PULSe PERiod seconds MINimum MAXimum 33210A ...

Страница 88: ...aveshape the waveform is automatically limited to 4K points Extra waveform points are removed using decimation Front Panel Operation After enabling PWM press the Shape softkey Remote Interface Operation PWM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare TRIangle NOISe USER Modulating Waveform Frequency The function generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for PWM Modulating frequency int...

Страница 89: ...000 s The width deviation is limited by the current edge time setting Width Deviation Pulse Width 1 6 X Edge Time and Width Deviation Period Pulse Width 1 6 X Edge Time Front Panel Operation After enabling PWM press the Width Dev softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired deviation Remote Interface Operation PWM DEViation deviation in seconds MINimum MAXimum Note The pulse wi...

Страница 90: ...0 s but 100 s Wmin 2 µs for period 100 s but 1000 s The duty cycle deviation is also limited by the current edge time setting Duty Cycle Dev Duty Cycle 160 X Edge Time Period and Duty Cycle Dev 100 Duty Cycle 160 X Edge Time Period Front Panel Operation After enabling PWM press the Dty CyC Dev softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired deviation Remote Interface Operation PWM...

Страница 91: ...on is controlled by the 5V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the duty cycle to 10 and the duty cycle deviation to 5 then when the modulating signal is at 5 volts the output will be at the maximum duty cycle 15 When the modulating signal is at 5 volts the output will be at the minimum duty cycle 5 Front Panel Operation After enabling PWM pres...

Страница 92: ...rms pulse noise dc and arbitrary are not allowed For more information on the fundamentals of a sweep refer to chapter 7 Tutorial To Select Sweep The function generator will not allow the sweep mode to be enabled at the same time that burst or any modulation mode is enabled When you enable sweep the burst or modulation mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must enable sweep before setting up...

Страница 93: ...quency stop frequency For sweeps with Marker Off the Sync signal is a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle The Sync signal is a TTL high at the beginning of the sweep and goes low at the midpoint of the sweep The frequency of the sync waveform is equal to the specified sweep time The signal is output from the front panel Sync connector For sweeps with Marker On the Sync signal is a TTL high at the...

Страница 94: ...ith Marker Off the Sync signal is a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle The Sync signal is a TTL high at the beginning of the sweep and goes low at the midpoint of the sweep The frequency of the sync waveform is equal to the specified sweep time The signal is output from the front panel Sync connector For sweeps with Marker On the Sync signal is a TTL high at the beginning of the sweep and goes l...

Страница 95: ... the linear or log mode Remote Interface Operation SWEep SPACing LINear LOGarithmic Sweep Time The sweep time specifies the number of seconds required to sweep from the start frequency to the stop frequency The number of discrete frequency points in the sweep is automatically calculated by the function generator and is based on the sweep time you select Sweep time 1 ms to 500 seconds The default i...

Страница 96: ... attempt to set the marker frequency to a frequency not in this range the function generator will automatically set the marker frequency equal to the start frequency or stop frequency whichever is closer The Sync enable setting is overridden by enabling the marker used with the sweep mode see page 66 Therefore when the marker is enabled and the sweep mode is also enabled the Sync setting is ignore...

Страница 97: ...rig In receives a TTL pulse with the specified polarity The trigger period must be greater than or equal to the specified sweep time plus 1 ms When the Manual source is selected the function generator outputs one sweep each time the front panel key is pressed Front Panel Operation Press the Trigger Setup softkey and then select the desired source by pressing the Source softkey To specify whether t...

Страница 98: ...qual to the specified sweep time When the External trigger source is selected the function generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The Trig Out connector cannot be used for both operations at the same time an externally triggered waveform uses the same connector to trigger the sweep When the Manual trigger source is selected the function generator outputs a pulse 1 µs pulse width f...

Страница 99: ...ct Burst The function generator will not allow burst to be enabled at the same time that sweep or any modulation mode is enabled When you enable burst the sweep or modulation mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must enable burst before setting up any of the other burst parameters Press to output a burst using the present settings for frequency output amplitude and offset voltage Remote In...

Страница 100: ...onnector or by sending a software trigger command from the remote interface External Gated Burst Mode In this mode the output waveform is either on or off based on the level of the external signal applied to the rear panel Trig In connector When the gate signal is true the function generator outputs a continuous waveform When the gate signal goes false the current waveform cycle is completed and t...

Страница 101: ... the rear panel Trig In connector Front Panel Operation After enabling bursts press the N Cycle triggered or Gated softkey To select the polarity of the external gate signal on the Trig In connector press the Polarity softkey The default polarity is POS true high logic Remote Interface Operation BURSt MODE TRIGgered GATed Use the following command to select the polarity of the external gate signal...

Страница 102: ...z limited to 100 kHz for ramp waveforms The default waveform frequency is 1 kHz For an internally triggered burst waveform the minimum frequency is 2 001 mHz You can select a sine square or ramp waveform pulse noise dc and arbitrary waveforms are not allowed For sine and square waveforms frequencies above 3 MHz are allowed only with an infinite burst count Front Panel Operation To set the waveform...

Страница 103: ...iod X Waveform Frequency The function generator will automatically increase the burst period up to its maximum value to accommodate the specified burst count but the waveform frequency will not be changed When the gated burst mode is selected the burst count is ignored However if you change the burst count from the remote interface while in the gated mode the function generator remembers the new c...

Страница 104: ...l or external triggering is enabled or when the gated burst mode is selected It is not possible to specify a burst period which is too short for the function generator to output with the specified burst count and frequency see below If the burst period is too short the function generator will automatically adjust it as needed to continuously re trigger the burst Burst Period 200 ns Front Panel Ope...

Страница 105: ... function generator converts the phase to degrees For sine square and ramp waveforms 0 degrees is the point at which the waveform crosses zero volts or the dc offset value in a positive going direction The burst phase is also used in the gated burst mode Then the gate signal goes false the current waveform cycle is completed and then the function generator stops The output will remain at the volta...

Страница 106: ...ith the specified polarity External trigger signals that occur during a burst are ignored When the Manual source is selected the function generator outputs one burst each time the front panel key is pressed When the External or Manual trigger source is selected the burst count and burst phase remain in effect but the burst period is ignored Front Panel Operation Press the Trigger Setup softkey and...

Страница 107: ... to the specified burst period When the Manual trigger source is selected the function generator outputs a pulse 1 µs pulse width from the Trig Out connector at the beginning of each burst When the External trigger source is selected the function generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The Trig Out connector cannot be used for both operations at the same time an externally triggere...

Страница 108: ...iggers on the rising or falling edge of the external trigger signal Manual triggering initiates one sweep or outputs one burst each time you press from the front panel Continue pressing this key to re trigger the function generator The key is disabled when in remote and when a function other than burst or sweep is currently selected Trigger Source Choices Applies to sweep and burst only You must s...

Страница 109: ...rce by pressing the Source softkey Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce IMMediate EXTernal BUS The APPLy command automatically sets the source to Immediate Internal Triggering In the internal trigger mode the function generator continuously outputs the sweep or burst as specified by the sweep time or burst period This is the default trigger source for both front panel and remote interface use...

Страница 110: ...ce Ext softkey To specify whether the function generator triggers on the rising or falling edge press the Trigger Setup softkey and then select the desired edge by pressing the Slope softkey Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce EXTernal Use the following command to specify whether the function generator triggers on the rising or falling edge TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative Manual Triggering I...

Страница 111: ...e function generator initiates one sweep or outputs one burst each time a bus trigger command is received To select the bus trigger source send the following command TRIGger SOURce BUS To trigger the function generator from the remote interface GPIB USB or LAN when the Bus source selected send the TRIG or TRG trigger command The front panel key is illuminated when the function generator is waiting...

Страница 112: ...ey or execute the TRIG SOUR EXT command from the remote interface burst must be enabled The function generator outputs a waveform with a specified number of cycles burst count each time a trigger is received from the specified trigger source External Gated Burst Mode To enable the gated mode press the Gated softkey or execute the BURS MODE GAT command from the remote interface burst must be enable...

Страница 113: ...burst period When the External trigger source is selected the function generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The Trig Out connector cannot be used for both operations at the same time an externally triggered waveform uses the same connector to trigger the sweep or burst When the Bus software or manual trigger source is selected the function generator outputs a pulse 1 µs pulse wi...

Страница 114: ...he front panel as described in the following section or you can use the Keysight IntuiLink software provided on the CD ROM included with the Keysight 33210A The Keysight IntuiLink software allows you to create arbitrary waveforms using a graphical user interface on your PC and then download them into the Keysight 33210A You can also capture waveforms from your Keysight oscilloscope and import them...

Страница 115: ...y message is displayed indicating which waveform is currently selected 2 Start the arbitrary waveform editor Press the Create New softkey to start the waveform editor While in the waveform editor you define the waveform by specifying time and voltage values for each point in the waveform When creating a new waveform the previous waveform in volatile memory is overwritten 3 Set the waveform period ...

Страница 116: ...ure is available from the front panel only With interpolation enabled default the waveform editor makes a straight line connection between points With interpolation disabled the waveform editor maintains a constant voltage level between points and creates a step like waveform For this example turn on linear interpolation 6 Set the initial number of waveform points The waveform editor initially bui...

Страница 117: ...t the voltage level for Point 1 this point is fixed at a time of 0 seconds By default Point 1 is set equal to the upper limit For this example set the voltage level of Point 1 to 0 V The waveform editor performs all amplitude calculations using Vpp rather than Vrms or dBm 9 Define the next waveform point Press the Point softkey and then turn the knob to move to Point 2 Press the Time softkey to se...

Страница 118: ...t to the voltage level of first point to create a continuous waveform To insert additional points after the current waveform point press the Insert Point softkey The new point is inserted midway between the current point and the next defined point To remove the current waveform point press the Remove Point softkey The remaining points are joined using the interpolation method currently selected Yo...

Страница 119: ... letter but the remaining characters can be letters numbers or the underscore character _ To add additional characters press the right cursor key until the cursor is to the right of the existing name and then turn the knob To delete all characters to the right of the cursor press the key For this example assign the name RAMP_NEW to memory location 1 and then press the STORE ARB softkey to store th...

Страница 120: ...ints The waveform editor will preserve the earliest points and remove all duplicates If you decrease the cycle period the waveform editor will remove all points that were previously defined beyond the new period If you increase the voltage limits there will be no change in the voltage levels of any existing points but there may be some loss of vertical resolution If you decrease the voltage limits...

Страница 121: ...from a location that contains a previously stored state From the remote interface only you can use storage location 0 to store a fifth instrument state you cannot store to this location from the front panel However note that location 0 is automatically overwritten when power is cycled the instrument state previously stored will be overwritten The state storage feature remembers the selected functi...

Страница 122: ...acters The function generator will not prevent you from assigning the same custom name to different storage locations For example you can assign the same name to locations 1 and 2 If you delete an arbitrary waveform from non volatile memory after storing the instrument state the waveform data is lost and the function generator will not output the waveform when the state is recalled The built in ex...

Страница 123: ...er but the remaining characters can be letters numbers or the underscore character _ To add additional characters press the right cursor key until the cursor is to the right of the existing name and then turn the knob To delete all characters to the right of the cursor press the key Remote Interface Operation SAV 0 1 2 3 4 State 0 is the instrument state at power down RCL 0 1 2 3 4 States 1 2 3 an...

Страница 124: ...s from the queue If no errors have occurred when you read the error queue the function generator responds with No error The error queue is cleared by the CLS clear status command or when the power is cycled The errors are also cleared when you read the error queue The error queue is not cleared by an instrument reset RST command Front Panel Operation Press and then select the topic entitled View t...

Страница 125: ...s and then select the Beep softkey from the System menu Remote Interface Operation SYSTem BEEPer Issue a single beep immediately SYSTem BEEPer STATe OFF ON Disable enable beeper Display Bulb Saver The front panel display bulb will normally turn off and the screen will go blank after 8 hours of inactivity For certain applications you may want to disable the bulb saver feature This feature is availa...

Страница 126: ...generator is operational A complete self test runs a series of tests and takes approximately 15 seconds to execute If all tests pass you can have high confidence that the function generator is fully operational If the complete self test is successful Self Test Passed is displayed on the front panel If the self test fails Self Test Failed is displayed and an error number is shown See the Keysight 3...

Страница 127: ... remote interface errors are always displayed even if the display is disabled The display is automatically enabled when power is cycled after an instrument reset RST command or when you return to local front panel operation Press the key or execute the IEEE 488 GTL Go To Local command from the remote interface to return to the local state The display state is saved when you store the instrument st...

Страница 128: ...how numbers on the front panel display with periods or commas for the decimal point and digits separator This feature is available from the front panel only The number format is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset When shipped from the factory a period is used for the decimal point and commas are used for the digits separator ...

Страница 129: ...his command returns a string in the form Keysight Technologies 33210A 0 f ff b bb aa p SCPI Language Version Query The function generator complies with the rules and conventions of the present version of SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments You can determine the SCPI version with which the instrument is in compliance by sending a query from the remote interface You cannot query the ...

Страница 130: ...here is nothing to configure on your function generator Just connect the function generator to the PC with a USB cable LAN Interface By default DHCP is On which may enable network communication over the LAN interface You may need to set several configuration parameters as described in the LAN configuration sections that follow Connectivity Software and Product CDs The Keysight 33210A is shipped wi...

Страница 131: ...address SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB ADDRess LAN Configuration The following sections describe the primary LAN configuration functions that you can set from the 33210A front panel Utility menu SCPI commands are listed where applicable In addition there are some LAN configuration functions that can be performed only by using the SCPI commands For a complete listing of the LAN configuration commands refe...

Страница 132: ...r automatically assigning a dynamic IP address to a device on a network Typically AutoIP will attempt to assign an IP address if DHCP cannot Select Auto IP On to use Auto IP to automatically assign an IP address If both DHCP and Auto IP fail to assign a valid IP address the currently configured static IP Address will be used The Auto IP setting is stored in non volatile memory and does not change ...

Страница 133: ... The IP Address field appears Enter the desired address for example 169 254 11 22 Remote interface operation SYSTem COMMunicate LAN IPADdress address SYSTem COMMunicate LAN IPADdress More About Dot Notation Dot notation addresses nnn nnn nnn nnn where nnn is a byte value must be expressed with care as most web software on the PC will interpret byte values with leading zeros as octal numbers For ex...

Страница 134: ... Select DHCP Off and Auto IP Off Then select Subnet Mask Enter the appropriate mask for example 255 255 0 0 There is no SCPI command to set a subnet mask Default Gateway LAN A gateway is a network device that provides a connection between networks The default gateway setting is the IP address of such a device You need not set a gateway address if DHCP or Auto IP is in use Contact your network admi...

Страница 135: ...elect each character Use the cursor key to move to the next character You can use the keypad for numbers Use the key to delete all characters to the right starting at the cursor position The host name is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Front panel operation Press and press the I O softkey Select LAN then Modify Settings fo...

Страница 136: ... I O softkey Select LAN then Modify Settings followed by DNS Setup Then select Domain Name and enter the domain name There is no SCPI command to set a domain name DNS Server LAN DNS Domain Name Service is an Internet service that translates Domain names into IP addresses The DNS server address is the IP address of a server that performs this service Contact your network administrator to find out w...

Страница 137: ...operation Press and press the I O softkey Select LAN and then select Current Config Use the arrow softkeys to scroll the list There is no SCPI command to display the configuration screen Note This display reflects only the settings that are currently active If you have changed any LAN settings you must first cycle the power to activate the settings then select Current Config Also this display is s...

Страница 138: ...our PC s web browser 3 To launch the web interface enter the IP address of the instrument or its fully qualified host name in the browser address field 4 Follow the directions in the web interface s online help USB Configuration There are no USB configuration parameters to configure You can retrieve the USB ID string set by the manufacturer by using the Show USB Id feature Front panel operation Pr...

Страница 139: ...m from the front panel or over the remote interface To synchronize multiple 33210As all of them must have Option 001 installed To align the phase of two 33210As you can use a dual channel oscilloscope to compare the output signals 1 Connect two 33210As with 10 MHz Out connected to 10 MHz In 2 Connect the outputs of the 33210As to the scope channel inputs 3 Set the same frequency on both function g...

Страница 140: ...gle 360 degrees using the knob and cursor keys or the numeric keypad Once you have aligned the signals on the scope press Set 0 Phase to set a new zero phase reference point Remote Interface Operation Use the following command to set the phase offset the query returns the currently set offset PHASe angle MINimum MAXimum PHASe MINimum MAXimum The following command sets a new zero phase reference po...

Страница 141: ...ring the correct security code The security code is set to AT33210A when the function generator is shipped from the factory The security code is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The security code may contain up to 12 alphanumeric characters The first character must be a letter but the remaining characters can be letters num...

Страница 142: ...on generator send the following command with the correct security code CAL SECURE STATE OFF AT33210A To Secure Against Calibration You can secure the function generator either from the front panel or over the remote interface The function generator is secured when shipped from the factory and the security code is set to AT33210A Once you enter a security code that code must be used for both front ...

Страница 143: ...ATE OFF AT33210A Unsecure with old code CAL SECURE CODE SN123456789 Enter new code Calibration Count You can query the function generator to determine how many calibrations have been performed Note that your function generator was calibrated before it left the factory When you receive your function generator be sure to read the count to determine its initial value The calibration count is stored i...

Страница 144: ...ote interface You can read the calibration message whether the function generator is secured or unsecured The calibration message may contain up to 40 characters additional characters are truncated Storing a calibration message will overwrite any message previously stored in memory The calibration message is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remot...

Страница 145: ...n the following page summarizes the factory default settings for the Keysight 33210A Note The power on state will be different than that in the table if you have enabled the power down recall mode See Instrument State Storage on page 119 33210A users guide book Page 143 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 146: ...splay Mode Error Queue Stored States Stored Arbs Output State Triggering Operations Trigger Source Remote Interface Configuration GPIB Address DHCP Auto IP IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway DNS Server Host Name Domain Name Calibration Calibration State Factory Setting Sine wave 1 kHz 100 mVpp 0 000 Vdc Vpp 50Ω On Factory Setting 1 kHz Sine wave 1 kHz Pulse 100 Hz Sine wave 10 Hz Sine wave 100...

Страница 147: ...4 4 Remote Interface Reference 33210A users guide book Page 145 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 148: ...System Related Commands on page 237 Interface Configuration Commands on page 242 Phase Lock Commands Option 001 Only on page 247 The SCPI Status System on page 249 Status Reporting Commands on page 259 Calibration Commands on page 263 An Introduction to the SCPI Language on page 265 Using Device Clear on page 270 SCPI SCPI Throughout this manual default states and values are identified These are t...

Страница 149: ...rs for which you must substitute a value A vertical bar separates multiple parameter choices see page 162 for more information APPLy SINusoid frequency amplitude offset SQUare frequency amplitude offset RAMP frequency amplitude offset PULSe frequency amplitude offset NOISe frequency DEF 1 amplitude offset DC frequency DEF 1 amplitude DEF 1 offset USER frequency amplitude offset APPLy 1 This parame...

Страница 150: ...e MINimum MAXimum LOW MINimum MAXimum VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON ONCE VOLTage RANGe AUTO VOLTage UNIT VPP VRMS DBM VOLTage UNIT FUNCtion SQUare DCYCle percent MINimum MAXimum FUNCtion SQUare DCYCle MINimum MAXimum FUNCtion RAMP SYMMetry percent MINimum MAXimum FUNCtion RAMP SYMMetry MINimum MAXimum OUTPut OFF ON OUTPut OUTPut LOAD ohms INFinity MINimum MAXimum OUTPut LOAD MINimum MAXimum OUTPut POL...

Страница 151: ... WIDTh DCYCle HOLD WIDTh DCYCle WIDTh seconds MINimum MAXimum 50 to 50 Thresholds WIDTh MINimum MAXimum DCYCle percent MINimum MAXimum DCYCle MINimum MAXimum TRANsition seconds MINimum MAXimum 10 to 90 Thresholds TRANsition MINimum MAXimum Pulse Configuration Commands Parameters shown in bold are selected following a RST reset command 33210A users guide book Page 149 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 A...

Страница 152: ...imum MAXimum AM SOURce INTernal EXTernal AM SOURce AM STATe OFF ON AM STATe FM Commands FM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP NRAMp TRIangle NOISe USER FUNCtion FM INTernal FREQuency frequency MINimum MAXimum FREQuency MINimum MAXimum FM DEViation peak deviation in Hz MINimum MAXimum FM DEViation MINimum MAXimum FM SOURce INTernal EXTernal FM SOURce FM STATe OFF ON FM STATe Modulation Commands...

Страница 153: ...m MAXimum FREQuency MINimum MAXimum PWM DEViation deviation in seconds MINimum MAXimum PWM DEViation MINimum MAXimum PWM DEViation DCYCle deviation in percent MINimum MAXimum PWM DEViation DCYCle MINimum MAXimum PWM SOURce INTernal EXTernal PWM SOURce PWM STATe OFF ON PWM STATe Parameters shown in bold are selected following a RST reset command 33210A users guide book Page 151 Wednesday July 16 20...

Страница 154: ...LINear LOGarithmic SPACing TIME seconds MINimum MAXimum TIME MINimum MAXimum SWEep STATe OFF ON SWEep STATe TRIGger SOURce IMMediate EXTernal BUS TRIGger SOURce TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative Trig In Connector TRIGger SLOPe OUTPut TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative Trig Out Connector TRIGger SLOPe TRIGger OFF ON TRIGger MARKer FREQuency frequency MINimum MAXimum MARKER FREQuency MINimum MAXimum MARK...

Страница 155: ...BURSt PHASe MINimum MAXimum BURSt STATe OFF ON BURSt STATe UNIT ANGLe DEGree RADian UNIT ANGLe TRIGger SOURce IMMediate EXTernal BUS Triggered Burst TRIGger SOURce TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative Trig In Connector TRIGger SLOPe BURSt GATE POLarity NORMal INVerted External Gated Burst BURSt GATE POLarity OUTPut TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative Trig Out Connector TRIGger SLOPe TRIGger OFF ON TRIGger ...

Страница 156: ...ecify Byte Order FORMat BORDer DATA COPY destination arb name VOLATILE FUNCtion USER arb name 1 VOLATILE FUNCtion USER FUNCtion USER FUNCtion DATA CATalog NVOLatile CATalog NVOLatile FREE DATA DELete arb name DATA DELete ALL DATA ATTRibute AVERage arb name 1 ATTRibute CFACtor arb name 1 ATTRibute POINts arb name 1 ATTRibute PTPeak arb name 1 1 The names of the built in arb waveforms are EXP_RISE E...

Страница 157: ...Larity OUTPut TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative Trig Out Connector TRIGger SLOPe TRIGger OFF ON TRIGger see page 233 for more information SAV 0 1 2 3 4 State 0 is the instrument state at power down RCL 0 1 2 3 4 States 1 through 4 are user defined states MEMory STATe NAME 0 1 2 3 4 name NAME 0 1 2 3 4 DELete 0 1 2 3 4 RECall AUTO OFF ON RECall AUTO VALid 0 1 2 3 4 CATalog MEMory NSTates Triggering C...

Страница 158: ... TST SYSTem VERSion SYSTem BEEPer BEEPer STATe OFF ON BEEPer STATe SYSTem KLOCk STATe OFF ON KLOCk EXCLude NONE LOCal KLOCk EXCLude SYSTem SECurity IMMediate Caution Clears all memory Not recommended for routine applications LRN OPC OPC OPT WAI System Related Commands Parameters shown in bold are selected following a RST reset command 33210A users guide book Page 156 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 A...

Страница 159: ... ADDRess address ADDRess SYSTem COMMunicate LAN AUTOip STATe OFF 0 ON 1 AUTOip STATe IPADdress address IPADdress LIPaddress MAC MEDiasense OFF 0 ON 1 MEDiasense NETBios OFF 0 ON 1 NETBios TELNet PROMpt string TELNet PROMpt TELNet WMESsage string TELNet WMESsage Interface Configuration Commands Parameters shown in bold are selected following a RST reset command 33210A users guide book Page 157 Wedn...

Страница 160: ...e PHASe UNLock ERRor STATe OFF ON PHASe UNLock ERRor STATe UNIT ANGLe DEGree RADian UNIT ANGLe see page 259 for more information STB SRE enable value SRE STATus QUEStionable CONDition QUEStionable EVENt QUEStionable ENABle enable value QUEStionable ENABle ESR ESE enable value ESE CLS STATus PRESet PSC 0 1 PSC OPC Phase Lock Commands Status Reporting Commands 33210A users guide book Page 158 Wednes...

Страница 161: ...ETup VALue value VALue COUNt STRing quoted string STRing CLS ESR ESE enable value ESE IDN LRN OPC OPC OPT PSC 0 1 PSC RST SAV 0 1 2 3 4 State 0 is the instrument state at power down RCL 0 1 2 3 4 States 1 through 4 are user defined states STB SRE enable value SRE TRG TST Calibration Commands IEEE 488 2 Common Commands 33210A users guide book Page 159 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 162: ...nd The APPLy command provides the most straightforward method to program the function generator over the remote interface For example the following command string sent from your computer will output a 3 Vpp sine wave at 5 kHz with a 2 5 volt offset APPL SIN 5 0E 3 3 0 2 5 Using the Low Level Commands Although the APPLy command provides the most straightforward method to program the function genera...

Страница 163: ...urce When Sweep or Burst is enabled the function generator will accept an immediate internal trigger a hardware trigger from the rear panel Trig In connector a manual trigger from the front panel key or a software bus trigger By default the internal trigger source is selected If you want to use an external or a software trigger source you must first select that source For example the following com...

Страница 164: ...erforms the following operations Sets the trigger source to Immediate equivalent to sending the TRIG SOUR IMM command Turns off any modulation sweep or burst mode currently enabled and places the instrument in the continuous waveform mode Turns on the Output connector OUTP ON command but does not change the output termination setting OUTP LOAD command Overrides the voltage autorange setting and au...

Страница 165: ...or all functions Limits Due to Function The frequency limits are determined by the function specified in the APPLy command The APPLy command always sets both the function and the frequency and the specified frequency must be appropriate for the function For example the command APPL RAMP 10 MHz results in a Data out of range error The frequency is set to 100 kHz which is the maximum for a ramp wave...

Страница 166: ... set the amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change the output termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the amplitude displayed on the function generator s front panel will double to 20 Vpp and no error will be generated If you change from high impedance to 50 ohms the displayed amplitude will drop in half See the OUTP LOAD command on page 181 for more information You can set the output amplitude in Vp...

Страница 167: ...range error will be generated and the amplitude will be adjusted as described Arbitrary Waveform Limitations For arbitrary waveforms the maximum amplitude will be limited if the waveform data points do not span the full range of the output DAC Digital to Analog Converter For example the built in Sinc waveform does not use the full range of values between 1 and therefore its maximum amplitude is li...

Страница 168: ...djusted as described Limits Due to Output Termination The offset limits are determined by the current output termination setting the APPLy command does not change the termination setting For example if you set the offset to 100 mVdc and then change the output termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the offset voltage displayed on the function generator s front panel will double to 200 mVdc and ...

Страница 169: ... the following statement outputs a 3 Vpp sine wave at 10 MHz the maximum frequency for sine with a 2 5 volt offset APPL SIN MAX 3 0 2 5 The APPLy command performs the following operations Sets the trigger source to Immediate equivalent to sending the TRIG SOUR IMM command Turns off any modulation sweep or burst mode currently enabled and places the instrument in the continuous waveform mode Turns ...

Страница 170: ...symmetry setting and automatically selects 100 The waveform is output as soon as the command is executed APPLy PULSe frequency amplitude offset Output a pulse wave with the specified frequency amplitude and dc offset The waveform is output as soon as the command is executed This command preserves the current pulse width setting FUNC PULS WIDT command or pulse duty cycle setting FUNC PULS DCYC comm...

Страница 171: ... an open circuit The dc voltage is output as soon as the command is executed The frequency and amplitude parameters have no effect for this command but you must specify a value or DEFault If you specify a frequency and amplitude they have no effect on the dc output but the values are remembered when you change to a different function The following statement shows the use of the APPLy command for a...

Страница 172: ...uery response to an APPL command in your programming application and use the result to place the function generator in the specified state The function frequency amplitude and offset are returned as shown in the sample string below the quotation marks are returned as part of the string SIN 5 0000000000000E 03 3 0000000000000E 00 2 5000000000000E 00 33210A users guide book Page 170 Wednesday July 1...

Страница 173: ...veform is output using the previously selected frequency amplitude and offset voltage settings The FUNC query returns SIN SQU RAMP PULS NOIS DC or USER If you select USER the function generator outputs the arbitrary waveform currently selected by the FUNC USER command The table below shows which output functions are allowed with modulation sweep and burst Each indicates a valid combination If you ...

Страница 174: ...ill be adjusted as described Amplitude Limitations If you change to a function whose maximum amplitude is less than that of the current function the amplitude is automatically adjusted to the maximum value for the new function This may occur when the output units are Vrms or dBm due to the differences in crest factor for the various output functions For example if you output a 5 Vrms square wave i...

Страница 175: ...o 100 kHz which is the maximum for a ramp waveform Duty Cycle Limitations For square waveforms the function generator may not be able to use the full range of duty cycle values at higher frequencies as shown below 20 to 80 to 5 MHz 40 to 60 to 10 MHz If you change to a frequency that cannot produce the current duty cycle the duty cycle is automatically adjusted to the maximum value for the new fre...

Страница 176: ...ay be reduced accordingly and a Settings conflict error generated Limits Due to Output Termination If you change the output termination setting the displayed output amplitude will be automatically adjusted and no error will be generated For example if you set the amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change the output termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the amplitude displayed on the function genera...

Страница 177: ...fore its maximum amplitude is limited to 6 087 Vpp into 50 ohms While changing amplitude you may notice a momentary disruption in the output waveform at certain voltages due to switching of the output attenuators The amplitude is controlled however so the output voltage will never exceed the current setting while switching ranges To prevent this disruption in the output you can disable the voltage...

Страница 178: ...ay be reduced accordingly and a Settings conflict error generated Limits Due to Output Termination The offset limits are determined by the current output termination setting For example if you set the offset to 100 mVdc and then change the output termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the offset voltage displayed on the function generator s front panel will double to 200 mVdc and no error will...

Страница 179: ...level for the selected function and MAX selects the largest voltage level The HIGH and LOW queries return the high and low levels respectively Limits Due to Amplitude You can set the voltage levels to a positive or negative value with the restrictions shown below Vpp is the maximum peak to peak amplitude for the selected output termination 10 Vpp for a 50 ohm load or 20 Vpp for a high impedance lo...

Страница 180: ...page 182 for more information VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON ONCE VOLTage RANGe AUTO Disable or enable voltage autoranging for all functions In the default mode autoranging is enabled ON and the function generator automatically selects the optimal settings for the output amplifier and attenuators With autoranging disabled OFF the function generator uses the current amplifier and attenuator settings The...

Страница 181: ...when you change from square wave to another function When you return to the square wave function the previous duty cycle is used Limits Due to Frequency If the square wave function is selected and you change to a frequency that cannot produce the current duty cycle the duty cycle is automatically adjusted to the maximum value for the new frequency For example if you currently have the duty cycle s...

Страница 182: ...nother function When you return to the ramp wave function the previous symmetry is used If you select a ramp waveform as the modulating waveform for AM or FM the symmetry setting does not apply OUTPut OFF ON OUTPut Disable or enable the front panel Output connector The default is OFF When the output is enabled the key is illuminated on the function generator s front panel The OUTP query returns 0 ...

Страница 183: ...t termination to high impedance 10 kΩ The default is 50Ω The LOAD query returns the current load setting in ohms or 9 9E 37 for high impedance The Keysight 33210A has a fixed series output impedance of 50 ohms to the front panel Output connector If the actual load impedance is different than the value specified the displayed amplitude offset and high low levels will be incorrect If you change the ...

Страница 184: ...C Disable or enable the front panel Sync connector At lower amplitudes you can reduce output distortion by disabling the Sync signal The default setting is ON The SYNC query returns 0 OFF or 1 ON For more details on the Sync signal for each waveform function see Sync Output Signal on page 66 When the Sync signal is disabled the output level on the Sync connector is a logic low level When a wavefor...

Страница 185: ...The VOLT query command see page 174 returns the output amplitude in the units set by the most recent VOLT UNIT command The output units for amplitude cannot be set to dBm if the output termination is currently set to high impedance The units are automatically converted to Vpp See the OUTP LOAD command on page 181 for more information Unless you specify the units as part of the APPLy or VOLT comman...

Страница 186: ...1000 seconds The default is 1 ms MIN 200 ns MAX 1000 seconds The PULS PER query returns the period of the pulse waveform in seconds The specified period must be greater than the sum of the pulse width and the edge time The function generator will adjust the edge time and the pulse width as needed to accommodate the specified period From the remote interface a Settings conflict error will be genera...

Страница 187: ... edge time restrictions apply If a command to set a duty cycle value is received the duty cycle is converted to the equivalent pulse width in seconds If Pulse Width Modulation PWM is turned on the pulse width is held and the width deviation also is held as the period is varied Duty cycle deviation commands are converted to width deviation values DCYCle The function generator holds the pulse duty c...

Страница 188: ...e and then the pulse width as needed to accommodate the specified period From the remote interface a Settings conflict error will be generated and the pulse width will be adjusted as described Pulse Width Period Wmin The specified pulse width must be less than the difference between the period and the edge time as shown below The function generator will limit the pulse edge time first and then the...

Страница 189: ...d to pulse duty cycles in the range 0 002 percent to 99 998 percent limited by the minimum pulse width of 40 ns The default pulse duty cycle is 10 percent MIN is approximately 0 MAX is approximately 100 The DCYC query returns the pulse duty cycle in percent The width and edge restrictions are described below The specified pulse duty cycle must conform to the following restrictions determined by th...

Страница 190: ...for further information FUNCtion PULSe TRANsition seconds MINimum MAXimum FUNCtion PULSe TRANsition MINimum MAXimum Set the edge time in seconds for both the rising and falling edges The edge time represents the time from the 10 threshold to the 90 threshold of each edge You can vary the edge time from 20 ns to 100 ns see restrictions below The default edge time is 20 ns MIN 20 ns MAX 100 ns The T...

Страница 191: ...e function generator will accept an internal or external modulation source Select the modulation source using the AM SOUR command For an external source you can skip steps 3 and 4 below 3 Select the shape of the modulating waveform You can modulate the carrier with a sine square ramp noise or arbitrary waveform pulse and dc are not allowed Use the AM INT FUNC command to select the modulating waves...

Страница 192: ...en the modulating signal is at 5 volts then the output will be at the minimum amplitude AM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP NRAMp TRIangle NOISe USER FUNCtion Select the shape of the modulating waveform Used only when the Internal modulation source is selected AM SOUR INT command You can use noise as the modulating waveshape but you cannot use ramp noise pulse dc or arbitrary as the carrier ...

Страница 193: ...ulating frequency in hertz AM DEPTh depth in percent MINimum MAXimum AM DEPTh MINimum MAXimum Set the internal modulation depth or percent modulation in percent Select from 0 to 120 The default is 100 MIN 0 MAX 120 The DEPT query returns the modulation depth in percent Note that even at greater than 100 depth the function generator will not exceed 5V peak on the output into a 50Ω load If you selec...

Страница 194: ...T query returns 0 OFF or 1 ON The function generator will allow only one modulation mode to be enabled at a time For example you cannot enable AM and FM at the same time When you enable AM the previous modulation mode is turned off The function generator will not allow AM to be enabled at the same time that sweep or burst is enabled When you enable AM the sweep or burst mode is turned off 33210A u...

Страница 195: ...urce The function generator will accept an internal or external modulation source Select the modulation source using the FM SOUR command For an external source you can skip steps 3 and 4 below 3 Select the shape of the modulating waveform You can modulate the carrier with a sine square ramp noise or arbitrary waveform pulse and dc are not allowed Use the FM INT FUNC command to select the modulatin...

Страница 196: ...oduce less deviation and negative signal levels reduce the frequency below the carrier frequency FM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP NRAMp TRIangle NOISe USER FUNCtion Select the shape of the modulating waveform Used only when the Internal modulation source is selected FM SOUR INT command You can use noise as the modulating waveshape but you cannot use ramp noise pulse dc or arbitrary as the...

Страница 197: ...tion peak deviation in Hz MINimum MAXimum FM DEViation MINimum MAXimum Set the peak frequency deviation in hertz This value represents the peak variation in frequency of the modulated waveform from the carrier frequency Select any value from 1 mHz to 5 MHz The default is 100 Hz MIN 1 mHz MAX based on the frequency of the carrier waveform as shown below The DEV query returns the deviation in hertz ...

Страница 198: ... will be adjusted as described If you select the External modulating source FM SOUR EXT command the deviation is controlled by the 5V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the frequency deviation to 100 kHz then a 5V signal level corresponds to a 100 kHz increase in frequency Lower external signal levels produce less deviation and negative signa...

Страница 199: ...nal source you can skip steps 3 and 4 below 3 Select the shape of the modulating waveform You can modulate the carrier with a sine square ramp noise or arbitrary waveform pulse and dc are not allowed Use the PWM INT FUNC command to select the modulating waveshape 4 Set the modulating frequency Set the modulating frequency to any value from 2 mHz to 20 kHz using the PWM INT FREQ command 5 Set the p...

Страница 200: ...en a 5V signal level corresponds to a 50 µs width increase Lower external signal levels produce less deviation PWM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP NRAMp TRIangle NOISe USER FUNCtion Select the shape of the modulating waveform Used only when the Internal modulation source is selected PWM SOUR INT command The carrier must be a pulse waveform for PWM The default is SIN The FUNC query returns S...

Страница 201: ...default is 10 Hz MIN 2 mHz MAX 20 kHz The FREQ query returns the internal modulating frequency in hertz PWM DEViation deviation in seconds MINimum MAXimum PWM DEViation MINimum MAXimum Set the pulse width deviation in seconds This value represents the variation in width in seconds from the pulse width of the carrier pulse waveform The default is 10 µs MIN 0 s MAX 500 s limited by the period minimu...

Страница 202: ...ty cycle values are to be held constant as the period is varied If the width is held so is the width deviation If the duty cycle is held so is the duty cycle deviation If duty cycle and duty cycle deviation are being held width deviation values specified with the PWM DEV command are automatically converted to the equivalent duty cycle deviation in percent PWM DEViation DCYCle deviation in percent ...

Страница 203: ...you have set the duty cycle deviation to 5 percent a 5V signal level corresponds to a 5 percent deviation that is an additional 5 of period added to the pulse duty cycle Lower external signal levels produce less deviation and negative signal levels reduce the duty cycle Note The operation of the PWM DEV DCYC command is affected by the FUNC PULS HOLD command see Pulse Configuration Commands on page...

Страница 204: ... ON The function generator will allow only one modulation mode to be enabled at a time For example you cannot enable PWM and AM at the same time When you enable PWM the previous modulation mode is turned off The function generator will not allow PWM to be enabled at the same time that sweep or burst is enabled When you enable PWM the sweep or burst mode is turned off PWM is allowed only when pulse...

Страница 205: ...t the frequency boundaries of the sweep You can set the frequency boundaries using one of two methods a Start Frequency Stop Frequency Use the FREQ STAR command to set the start frequency and the FREQ STOP command to set the stop frequency To sweep up in frequency set the start frequency stop frequency To sweep down in frequency set the start frequency stop frequency b Center Frequency Frequency S...

Страница 206: ...ed 6 Set the marker frequency Optional If desired you can set the frequency at which the signal on the front panel Sync connector goes to a logic low during the sweep Use the MARK FREQ command to set the marker frequency to any value between the start frequency and stop frequency Use the MARK ON command to enable the frequency marker 7 Enable the sweep mode After you have set up the other sweep pa...

Страница 207: ...TAR query returns the start frequency in hertz To sweep up in frequency set the start frequency stop frequency To sweep down in frequency set the start frequency stop frequency FREQuency STOP frequency MINimum MAXimum FREQuency STOP MINimum MAXimum Set the stop frequency used in conjunction with the start frequency Select from 1 mHz to 10 MHz limited to 100 kHz for a ramp waveform The default is 1...

Страница 208: ...uency FREQuency SPAN frequency MINimum MAXimum FREQuency SPAN MINimum MAXimum Set the frequency span used in conjunction with the center frequency Select from 0 Hz to 10 MHz limited to 100 kHz for a ramp waveform The default is 900 Hz MIN 0 Hz MAX based on the center frequency and maximum frequency for the selected function The SPAN query returns the span in hertz can be a positive or negative val...

Страница 209: ...p frequency Select from 1 ms to 500 seconds The default is 1 second MIN 1 ms MAX 500 seconds The TIME query returns the sweep time in seconds The number of discrete frequency points in the sweep is automatically calculated by the function generator and is based on the sweep time that you select SWEep STATe OFF ON SWEep STATe Disable or enable the sweep mode To avoid multiple waveform changes you c...

Страница 210: ... selected the function generator initiates one sweep each time a bus trigger command is received To trigger the function generator from the remote interface GPIB USB or LAN send the TRG trigger command The front panel key is illuminated when the function generator is waiting for a bus trigger The APPLy command automatically sets the trigger source to Immediate equivalent to TRIG SOUR IMM command T...

Страница 211: ...ommand the function generator outputs a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle the rising edge is the sweep trigger from the Trig Out connector The period of the waveform is equal to the specified sweep time SWE TIME command When the External trigger source is selected TRIG SOUR EXT command the function generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The rear panel Trig Out connector cannot ...

Страница 212: ...requency and stop frequency If you attempt to set the marker frequency to a frequency not in this range the function generator will automatically set the marker frequency equal to the start frequency or stop frequency whichever is closer From the remote interface a Settings conflict error will be generated and the marker frequency will be adjusted as described MARKer OFF ON MARKer Disable or enabl...

Страница 213: ...trigger signal to the rear panel Trig In connector or by sending a software trigger command from the remote interface External Gated Burst Mode In this mode the output waveform is either on or off based on the level of the external signal applied to the rear panel Trig In connector When the gate signal is true the function generator outputs a continuous waveform When the gate signal goes false the...

Страница 214: ...urst count Set the burst count the number of cycles per burst to any value between 1 and 50 000 cycles or infinite using the BURS NCYC command Used in the triggered burst mode only 4 Set the burst period Set the burst period the interval at which internally triggered bursts are generated to any value from 1 µs to 500 seconds using the BURS INT PER command Used only in the triggered burst mode with...

Страница 215: ...Trig In connector using the BURS GATE POL command see page 218 When the gate signal is true the function generator outputs a continuous waveform When the gate signal goes false the current waveform cycle is completed and then the function generator stops while remaining at the voltage level corresponding to the starting burst phase of the selected waveform When the gated mode is selected the burst...

Страница 216: ...han the product of the maximum burst period and the waveform frequency as shown below Burst Count Maximum Burst Period X Waveform Frequency The function generator will automatically increase the burst period up to its maximum value to accommodate the specified burst count but the waveform frequency will not be changed From the remote interface a Settings conflict error will be generated and the bu...

Страница 217: ...or will automatically adjust it as needed to continuously re trigger the burst From the remote interface a Data out of range error will be generated and the burst period will be adjusted as described Burst Period 200 ns BURSt PHASe angle MINimum MAXimum BURSt PHASe MINimum MAXimum Set the starting phase for the burst in degrees or radians as specified by the previous UNIT ANGL command Select from ...

Страница 218: ...ration you will see that the function generator converts the phase to degrees TRIGger SOURce IMMediate EXTernal BUS TRIGger SOURce Select the trigger source for the triggered burst mode only In the triggered burst mode the function generator outputs a waveform with the specified number of cycles burst count each time a trigger is received After the specified number of cycles have been output the f...

Страница 219: ...unction generator waits for all pending operations to complete before executing any additional commands For example the following command string guarantees that the first trigger is accepted and the operation is executed before the second trigger is recognized TRIG SOUR BUS TRG WAI TRG WAI You can use the OPC operation complete query command or the OPC operation complete command to signal when the...

Страница 220: ...s a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle from the Trig Out connector The period of the waveform is equal to the specified burst period BURS INT PER command When the External trigger source is selected TRIG SOUR EXT command or when the Gated mode is selected BURS MODE GAT command the function generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The rear panel Trig Out connector cannot be used fo...

Страница 221: ...e External source is selected the function generator will accept a hardware trigger applied to the rear panel Trig In connector The function generator initiates one sweep or outputs one burst each time Trig In receives a TTL pulse with the edge polarity specified by the TRIG SLOP command see page 220 When the Bus software source is selected the function generator initiates one sweep or outputs one...

Страница 222: ...omplete TRIGger Trigger a sweep or burst from the remote interface This command can be used with any of the available trigger sources TRIG SOUR command For example you can issue a trigger from the remote interface and use the command with any of the available trigger sources TRIG SOUR command TRG Trigger a sweep or burst from the remote interface only if the bus software trigger source is currentl...

Страница 223: ... TIME command or burst period BURS INT PER command plus 1 ms When the External trigger source is selected TRIG SOUR EXT command the function generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The rear panel Trig Out connector cannot be used for both operations at the same time an externally triggered waveform uses the same connector to trigger the sweep or burst When the Bus software trigger ...

Страница 224: ...8 192 8K points into the Keysight 33210A from your PC 1 Download the waveform points into volatile memory You can download from 1 point a dc signal to 8 192 8K points per waveform You can download the points as floating point values binary integer values or decimal integer values Use the DATA command to download floating point values from 1 0 to 1 0 Use the DATA DAC command to download binary inte...

Страница 225: ...tput You can select one of the five built in arbitrary waveforms one of four user defined waveforms or the waveform currently downloaded to volatile memory Use the FUNC USER command to select the waveform 5 Output the selected arbitrary waveform Use the FUNC USER command to output the waveform previously selected with the FUNC USER command The five built in arbitrary waveforms are shown below Expo...

Страница 226: ...f the output DAC Digital to Analog Converter For example the built in Sinc waveform does not use the full range of values between 1 and therefore its maximum amplitude is 6 087 Vpp into 50 ohms Downloading floating point values using DATA VOLATILE is slower than downloading binary values using DATA DAC VOLATILE but is more convenient when using trigonometric functions which return values from 1 to...

Страница 227: ... Vpp 8191 corresponds to 5V and 8191 corresponds to 5V The maximum amplitude will be limited if the data points do not span the full range of the output DAC For example the built in Sinc waveform does not use the full range of values between 8191 and therefore its maximum amplitude is 6 087 Vpp into 50 ohms The DATA DAC command overwrites the previous waveform in volatile memory and no error will ...

Страница 228: ... 16384 The function generator represents binary data as 16 bit integers which are sent as two bytes Therefore the total number of bytes is always twice the number of data points in the waveform and must always be an even number For example 16 384 bytes are required to download a waveform with 8 192 points Use the FORM BORD command to select the byte order for binary transfers in block mode If you ...

Страница 229: ...to the specified name in non volatile memory The source for the copy is always volatile You cannot copy from any other source and you cannot copy to volatile The arb name may contain up to 12 characters The first character must be a letter A Z but the remaining characters can be numbers 0 9 or the underscore character _ Blank spaces are not allowed If you specify a name with more than 12 character...

Страница 230: ...ILE waveform into named storage ARB_1 DATA COPY ARB_1 VOLATILE FUNCtion USER arb name VOLATILE FUNCtion USER Select one of the five built in arbitrary waveforms one of four user defined waveforms or the waveform currently downloaded to volatile memory The USER query returns EXP_RISE EXP_FALL NEG_RAMP SINC CARDIAC VOLATILE or the name of any user defined waveforms in non volatile memory The default...

Страница 231: ...FUNC USER command see the previous page The selected waveform is output using the current frequency amplitude and offset voltage settings The FUNC query returns SIN SQU RAMP PULS NOIS DC or USER Use the APPLy command or the equivalent FREQ VOLT and VOLT OFFS commands to select the frequency amplitude and offset of the waveform The maximum amplitude will be limited if the data points do not span th...

Страница 232: ...the user defined waveforms in non volatile memory DATA NVOLatile CATalog List the names of all user defined arbitrary waveforms downloaded to non volatile memory Returns the names of up to four waveforms A series of quoted strings separated with commas is returned as shown in the example below If no user defined waveforms are currently downloaded the command returns a null string TEST1_ARB TEST2_A...

Страница 233: ...aveform error is generated DATA DELete ALL Delete all user defined arbitrary waveforms from memory This command deletes the waveform in volatile memory and all user defined waveforms in non volatile memory The five built in waveforms in non volatile memory are not deleted The colon before the ALL parameter is required DATA DELete ALL If you insert a space instead of a colon the function generator ...

Страница 234: ...mber of points in the specified arbitrary waveform Returns a value from 1 to 8 192 points The default arb name is the arbitrary waveform currently active selected with FUNC USER command If you query a waveform that is not currently stored in memory a Specified arb waveform does not exist error is generated DATA ATTRibute PTPeak arb name Query the peak to peak value of all data points for the speci...

Страница 235: ...owever you can only recall a state from a location that contains a previously stored state From the remote interface only you can use storage location 0 to store a fifth instrument state you cannot store to this location from the front panel However note that location 0 is automatically overwritten when power is cycled the instrument state previously stored will be overwritten The state storage fe...

Страница 236: ...es not affect the configurations stored in memory Once a state is stored it remains until it is overwritten or specifically deleted RCL 0 1 2 3 4 Recall the instrument state stored in the specified non volatile storage location You cannot recall the instrument state from a storage location that is empty When shipped from the factory storage locations 1 through 4 are empty location 0 has the power ...

Страница 237: ...erated if you specify a name with more than 12 characters An example is shown below MEM STATE NAME 1 TEST_WFORM_1 From the front panel you cannot assign a custom name to storage location 0 If you do not specify a name note that the name parameter is optional the default name is assigned to that state This provides a way to clear a name however the stored state is not deleted The function generator...

Страница 238: ... to determine if a state has been previously stored in this location Returns 0 if no state has been stored or if it has been deleted Returns 1 if a valid state is stored in the specified location MEMory STATe CATalog Returns the names assigned to storage locations 0 4 If no user defined names have been assigned the query returns the factory defaults AUTO_RECALL STATE_1 STATE_2 STATE_3 STATE_4 This...

Страница 239: ...tor beeps once each time an error is generated unless disabled using the SYST BEEP STAT command If more than 20 errors have occurred the last error stored in the queue the most recent error is replaced with Queue overflow No additional errors are stored until you remove errors from the queue If no errors have occurred when you read the error queue the function generator responds with No error The ...

Страница 240: ...display disabled there will be some improvement in command execution speed from the remote interface Sending a message to the front panel display from the remote interface DISP TEXT command overrides the display state This means that you can display a message even if the display is disabled remote interface errors are always displayed even if the display is disabled The display is automatically en...

Страница 241: ...requency and amplitude is not sent to the front panel display DISPlay TEXT CLEar Clear the text message currently shown on the function generator s front panel display If the display is currently enabled DISP ON command the DISP TEXT CLEAR command will return the normal front panel display mode If the display is currently disabled DISP OFF command the DISP TEXT CLEAR command will clear the message...

Страница 242: ...ATe OFF ON SYSTem BEEPer STATe Disable or enable the tone heard when an error is generated from the front panel or over the remote interface The current selection is stored in non volatile memory The STAT query returns 0 OFF or 1 ON SYSTem KLOCk STATe OFF ON Set front panel keyboard lock OFF the default or ON With KLOC ON the front panel keyboard is locked including the key unless it has been excl...

Страница 243: ...turned string will contain about 1 500 characters To avoid possible instrument errors execute the RST command first before sending the learn string to the instrument OPC Set the Operation Complete bit bit 0 in the Standard Event register after all of the previous commands have been completed Other commands may be executed before the bit is set This command is used in the triggered sweep or trigger...

Страница 244: ...oard except the key SYSTem RWLock Sets the instrument state to remote with lock Displays the rwl annunciator and locks the keyboard including the key SYSTem COMMunicate RLSTate LOCal REMote RWLock This command performs the same functions as the previous three separate commands LOCal The default Sets the instrument state to local Removes any annunciator and unlocks the front panel keyboard REMote S...

Страница 245: ...ing is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after an instrument reset RST SYSTem COMMunicate LAN IPADdress address SYSTem COMMunicate LAN IPADdress Assigns a static Internet Protocol IP address for the 33210A which is used if DHCP or Auto IP cannot assign an IP address The factory setting is 169 254 2 20 See your network administrator for a valid IP address ...

Страница 246: ...0 011 the PC will interpret this address differently due to the leading zeros SYSTem COMMunicate LAN LIPaddress Returns the last valid Auto IP address used in dot notation for example 169 254 20 11 SYSTem COMMunicate LAN MAC Returns the 33210A s Media Access Control MAC address This is an unchangeable 48 bit address assigned by the manufacturer to each unique internet device The MAC address is rep...

Страница 247: ...d does not change when power has been off or after an instrument reset RST SYSTem COMMunicate LAN TELNet PROMpt string SYSTem COMMunicate LAN TELNet PROMpt Sets the command prompt seen when using a Telnet session to communicate with the 33210A The default prompt is 33210A The 33210A uses LAN port 5024 for Telnet sessions Telnet session can typically be started as follows from a host computer shell...

Страница 248: ...rt 5024 for Telnet sessions The message is a quoted string of up to 63 characters The welcome message is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after an instrument reset RST LAN Port Usage The Keysight 33210A uses LAN port 5024 for Telnet sessions but uses LAN port 5025 for Socket sessions For further information on socket sessions see the white paper Socket C...

Страница 249: ...ts have Option 001 External Timebase Reference installed This option provides the 10 MHz Out and 10 MHz In back panel connectors and the circuitry required to synchronize the instruments See External Timebase Reference Option 001 on page 137 for additional information on using these features PHASe angle MINimum MAXimum PHASe MINimum MAXimum Adjust the phase offset of the output waveform in degrees...

Страница 250: ...e function generator converts the phase offset to degrees PHASe REFerence Immediately sets a new zero phase reference point without changing the output of the function generator That is this command resets the phase value returned by the PHAS command but does not affect the output waveform It is equivalent to the Set 0 Phase softkey in the front panel Utility menu See External Timebase Reference O...

Страница 251: ...hat register What is an Event Register An event register latches the various events from changes in the condition register There is no buffering in this register while an event bit is set subsequent events corresponding to that bit are ignored This is a read only register Once a bit is set it remains set until cleared by query command such as STAT QUES EVEN or a CLS clear status command A query of...

Страница 252: ...N Volt Ovld Loop Unlock Cal Error STAT QUES COND STAT QUES EVEN STAT QUES ENAB value STAT QUES ENAB Standard Event Register Operation Complete EV EN Query Error Device Error Execution Error Command Error Power On ESE value ESE ESR NOTES C Condition Register EV Event Register EN Enable Register Ovld Overload External Ref Keysight 33210A Status System 33210A users guide book Page 250 Wednesday July ...

Страница 253: ...sk and generate an SRQ service request you must write a decimal value to the register using the SRE command Bit Definitions Status Byte Register Bit Number Decimal Value Definition 0 Not Used 1 Not Used 2 Error Queue 3 Questionable Data 4 Message Available 5 Standard Event 6 Master Summary 7 Not Used 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 Not Used Returns 0 Not Used Returns 0 One or more errors are stored in the Er...

Страница 254: ... bits are cleared in the condition register The Status Byte enable register is cleared when You execute the SRE 0 command You turn the power on and have previously configured the function generator to clear the enable register using the PSC 1 command Note that the enable register will not be cleared at power on if you have configured the function generator using the PSC 0 command 33210A users guid...

Страница 255: ... The STB command is similar to a Serial Poll but it is processed like any other ASCII instrument command The STB command returns the same result as a Serial Poll but bit 6 is not cleared as long as the enabled conditions remain The STB command is not handled automatically by the IEEE 488 bus interface hardware and will be executed only after previous commands have completed You cannot clear an SRQ...

Страница 256: ...your computer s IEEE 488 SRQ interrupt To Determine When a Command Sequence is Completed 1 Send a Device Clear message to return the function generator to a responsive state and clear it s output buffer e g CLEAR 710 2 Clear the event registers and error queue using the CLS command 3 Enable the Operation Complete bit bit 0 in the Standard Event register by executing the ESE 1 command 4 Send the OP...

Страница 257: ...Used 4 Not Used 5 Loop Unlocked 6 Not Used 7 Not Used 8 Calibration Error 9 External Reference 10 Not Used 11 Not Used 12 Not Used 13 Not Used 14 Not Used 15 Not Used 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32768 Voltage overload on OUTPUT connector The Output has been disabled Not Used Returns 0 Not Used Returns 0 Not Used Returns 0 Not Used Returns 0 Function generator has lost ph...

Страница 258: ...e CLS clear status command You query the event register using the STAT QUES EVEN command The Questionable Data enable register is cleared when You turn on the power the PSC command does not apply You execute the STAT PRES command You execute the STAT QUES ENAB 0 command 33210A users guide book Page 256 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 259: ...tion 0 Operation Complete 1 Not Used 2 Query Error 3 Device Error 4 Execution Error 5 Command Error 6 Not Used 7 Power On 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 All commands prior to and including OPC have completed and the overlapped command e g TRG for burst has completed Not Used Returns 0 The instrument tried to read the output buffer but it was empty Or a new command line was received before a previous query h...

Страница 260: ...dard Event enable register is cleared when You execute the ESE 0 command You turn the power on and have previously configured the function generator to clear the enable register using the PSC 1 command Note that the enable register will not be cleared at power on if you have configured the function generator using the PSC 0 command 33210A users guide book Page 258 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 261: ...est To enable specific bits you must write a decimal value which corresponds to the binary weighted sum of the bits in the register The selected bits are summarized in the Master Summary bit bit 6 of the Status Byte Register If any of the selected bits change from 0 to 1 a Service Request signal is generated The SRE query returns a decimal value which corresponds to the binary weighted sum of all ...

Страница 262: ...a decimal value which corresponds to the binary weighted sum of all bits set in the register STATus QUEStionable ENABle enable value STATus QUEStionable ENABle Enable bits in the enable register in this register group The selected bits are then reported to the Status Byte A CLS clear status will not clear the enable register but it does clear all bits in the event register The STATus PRESet comman...

Страница 263: ...in the Standard Event Status Register to be reported in the Status Byte The selected bits are summarized in the Standard Event bit bit 5 of the Status Byte Register The ESE query returns a decimal value which corresponds to the binary weighted sum of all bits enabled by the ESE command A CLS clear status does not clear the enable register but it does clear all bits in the event register A STATus P...

Страница 264: ...power on PSC 1 When PSC 0 is in effect these two registers are not cleared at power on The default is PSC 1 The PSC query returns the power on status clear setting Returns 0 do not clear at power on or 1 clear at power on OPC Set the Operation Complete bit bit 0 in the Standard Event register after the previous commands have completed When used with a bus triggered sweep or burst you may have the ...

Страница 265: ...nerator s internal state for each of the calibration steps to be performed The SET query reads the calibration setup number and returns a value from 0 to 75 CAL VALue value CAL VALue Specify the value of the known calibration signal as outlined in the calibration procedures in the Keysight 33210A Service Guide Use the CAL SET command to configure the function generator s internal state for each of...

Страница 266: ...etermine its initial value The calibration count is stored in non volatile memory The count increments up to a maximum of 65 535 after which it rolls over to 0 Since the value increments by one for each calibration point a complete calibration may increase the value by many counts CAL STRing quoted string CAL STRing Store a message in non volatile calibration memory Storing a message will overwrit...

Страница 267: ...ystem In this system associated commands are grouped together under a common node or root thus forming subsystems A portion of the SOURce subsystem is shown below to illustrate the tree system SOURce FREQuency STARt frequency MINimum MAXimum STARt MINimum MAXimum FREQuency STOP frequency MINimum MAXimum STOP MINimum MAXimum SWEep SPACing LINear LOGarithmic SPACing SWEep TIME seconds MINimum MAXimu...

Страница 268: ...ble Other forms such as FRE and FREQUEN will generate an error Braces enclose the parameter choices for a given command string The braces are not sent with the command string A vertical bar separates multiple parameter choices for a given command string Triangle brackets indicate that you must specify a value for the enclosed parameter For example the above syntax statement shows the frequency par...

Страница 269: ...tring FREQ START 10 STOP 1000 is the same as sending the following two commands FREQ START 10 FREQ STOP 1000 Use a colon and a semicolon to link commands from different subsystems For example in the following command string an error is generated if you do not use both the colon and semicolon SWE STAT ON TRIG SOUR EXT Using the MIN and MAX Parameters You can substitute MINimum or MAXimum in place o...

Страница 270: ... End Or Identify message is interpreted as a new line character and can be used to terminate a command string in place of a new line character A carriage return followed by a new line is also accepted Command string termination will always reset the current SCPI command path to the root level IEEE 488 2 Common Commands The IEEE 488 2 standard defines a set of common commands that perform functions...

Страница 271: ... like BUS or IMMediate They have a short form and a long form just like command keywords You can mix upper and lower case letters Query responses will always return the short form in all upper case letters The following command uses discrete parameters SWEep SPACing LINear LOGarithmic Boolean Parameters Boolean parameters represent a single binary condition that is either true or false For a false...

Страница 272: ...The status registers the error queue and all configuration states are left unchanged when a Device Clear message is received Device Clear performs the following actions The function generator s input and output buffers are cleared The function generator is prepared to accept a new command string An overlapped command if any will be terminated with no Operation Complete indication applies to the TR...

Страница 273: ...5 5 Error Messages 33210A users guide book Page 271 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 274: ... not cleared by an instrument reset RST command Front Panel Operation Press and then select the topic entitled View the remote command error queue topic number 2 Then press the SELECT softkey to view the errors in the error queue As shown below the first error in the list i e the error at the top of the list is the first error that was generated Remote Interface Operation SYSTem ERRor Reads one er...

Страница 275: ...You may have used a comma instead of a colon semicolon or blank space or you may have used a blank space instead of a comma Examples TRIG SOUR BUS or APPL SIN 1 1000 105 GET not allowed A Group Execute Trigger GET is not allowed within a command string 108 Parameter not allowed More parameters were received than were expected for the command You may have entered an extra parameter or added a param...

Страница 276: ...e than 255 digits excluding leading zeros 128 Numeric data not allowed A numeric parameter was received but a character string was expected Example DISP TEXT 123 131 Invalid suffix A suffix was incorrectly specified for a numeric parameter You may have misspelled the suffix Example SWE TIME 0 5 SECS 138 Suffix not allowed A suffix is not supported for this command Example BURS NCYC 12 CYC 148 Char...

Страница 277: ...sent does not match the number of bytes that you specified in the block header For an indefinite length block an EOI End or Identify was received without an accompanying new line character 168 Block data not allowed Data was sent to the function generator in arbitrary block format but this command does not accept this format Check to see if you have sent the correct data type with the command Exam...

Страница 278: ...to the maximum N Cycle value 50 000 cycles 221 Settings conflict infinite burst changed trigger source to BUS An infinite count burst is allowed only when the external or bus software trigger source is selected Sending the BURS NCYC INF command has automatically changed the trigger source from immediate to bus 221 Settings conflict burst period increased to fit entire burst The number of cycles sp...

Страница 279: ...t trigger output connector used by burst gate If you have selected the gated burst mode BURS MODE GAT command with burst enabled the trigger out signal cannot be enabled OUTP TRIG ON command The rear panel Trig connector cannot be used for both operations at the same time 221 Settings conflict trigger output connector used by trigger external When the external trigger source is selected TRIG SOUR ...

Страница 280: ... is limited to a minimum of 2 001 mHz The function generator has adjusted the frequency to be compatible with the current settings 221 Settings conflict burst turned off by selection of other mode or modulation The function generator will allow only one modulation sweep or burst mode to be enabled at the same time When you enable a modulation sweep or burst mode all other modes are turned off 221 ...

Страница 281: ...nerate an AM or FM modulated waveform using the ramp pulse noise dc voltage or arbitrary waveform functions 221 Settings conflict PWM available in only pulse function The function generator cannot generate a PWM modulated waveform using any function other than pulse 221 Settings conflict not able to sweep this function The function generator cannot generate a sweep using the pulse noise dc voltage...

Страница 282: ...rned off The function generator cannot generate a modulated waveform using the dc voltage function The selected modulation mode has been turned off 221 Settings conflict not able to sweep dc sweep turned off The function generator cannot generate a sweep using the dc voltage function The sweep mode has been turned off 221 Settings conflict not able to burst dc burst turned off The function generat...

Страница 283: ...ulse waveform the function generator will automatically adjust the waveform parameters in the following order as needed to generate a valid pulse 1 edge time 2 pulse width or duty cycle and then 3 period In this case the function generator has decreased the pulse width to accommodate the specified period the edge time is already at its minimum setting 221 Settings conflict pulse duty cycle decreas...

Страница 284: ...ee Pulse Configuration Commands in chapter 4 for further information 221 Settings conflict edge time decreased due to pulse width For a pulse waveform the function generator will automatically adjust the waveform parameters in the following order as needed to generate a valid pulse 1 edge time 2 pulse width or duty cycle and then 3 period In this case the function generator has decreased the edge ...

Страница 285: ...nnot exceed carrier The carrier frequency must always be greater than or equal to the frequency deviation If you set the carrier to a value less than the deviation frequency with FM enabled the function generator will automatically adjust the deviation to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency 221 Settings conflict FM deviation exceeds max frequency The sum of the carrier fre...

Страница 286: ...ency is forced into that range 221 Settings conflict selected arb is missing changing selection to default If you delete an arbitrary waveform from non volatile memory after storing the instrument state the waveform data is lost and the function generator will not output the waveform when the state is recalled The built in exponential rise waveform is output in place of the deleted waveform 221 Se...

Страница 287: ...on generator will automatically set the low level to be 1 mV less than the high level 221 Settings conflict high level changed due to low level You can set the levels to a positive or negative value but note that the high level must always be greater than the low level If you specify a low level that is greater than the existing high level the function generator will automatically set the high lev...

Страница 288: ...ped to The specified pulse duty cycle must conform to the following period and edge time restriction The function generator will adjust the pulse duty cycle as needed to accommodate the specified period Duty Cycle 100 X Period 1 6 X Edge Time Period 222 Data out of range large period limits minimum pulse width For a pulse waveform the minimum pulse width is 40 ns for periods up to 10 seconds For p...

Страница 289: ...ed to upper limit This generic message indicates that the waveform frequency has been limited to an upper boundary due to the selection of the arbitrary waveform function APPL USER or FUNC USER command 222 Data out of range ramp frequency value clipped to upper limit This generic message indicates that the waveform frequency has been limited to an upper boundary due to the selection of the ramp wa...

Страница 290: ... of burst value clipped to upper limit If the Immediate trigger source is selected TRIG SOUR IMM command the burst count must be less than the product of the burst period and the waveform frequency as shown below Burst Count Burst Period X Waveform Frequency 222 Data out of range amplitude value clipped to This generic message indicates that the waveform amplitude has been limited to an upper or l...

Страница 291: ...quency equal to the start frequency or stop frequency whichever is closer This error is generated only when both the sweep mode and the marker frequency are enabled 222 Data out of range pulse width value clipped to This generic message indicates that the desired pulse width is limited to an upper or lower boundary which is dictated by the instrument hardware 222 Data out of range pulse edge time ...

Страница 292: ...y the current pulse parameters The PWM deviation width or duty cycle is set to accommodate the current pulse width or duty cycle edge time and period 222 Data out of range duty cycle value clipped to The square wave duty cycle is limited to values between 20 and 80 by instrument hardware 222 Data out of range duty cycle limited by frequency value clipped to upper limit The square wave duty cycle i...

Страница 293: ... as lightning or strong magnetic fields 315 Configuration memory lost memory corruption detected The non volatile memory used to store the function generator s configuration settings i e remote interface settings has detected a checksum error This error may be the result of a device failure or extreme conditions such as lightning or strong magnetic fields 350 Queue overflow The error queue is full...

Страница 294: ...output buffer For example you may have executed an APPLy command which does not generate data and then attempted an Enter statement to read data from the interface 430 Query DEADLOCKED A command was received which generates too much data to fit in the output buffer and the input buffer is also full Command execution continues but all data is lost 440 Query UNTERMINATED after indefinite response Th...

Страница 295: ...n chassis ground circuits and floating circuits is controlled by an optical isolation barrier and a serial link 580 Reference phase locked loop is unlocked The PHAS UNL ERR STAT has been enabled on and the internal phase locked loop that controls the frequency is currently unlocked This error is most likely to occur when the external reference is out of lock range 33210A users guide book Page 293 ...

Страница 296: ...st failed cross isolation interface This error indicates that the cross isolation interface between the main processor and the synthesis IC has failed or that the synthesis IC itself has failed 616 Self test failed pulse phase locked loop This error indicates that a phase locked loop in the pulse waveform synthesizer is not correctly locking and that the frequency of pulse waveforms only may not b...

Страница 297: ...ected attenuation or gain These self tests use the internal ADC to verify that the output path relays output amplifier 20 dB and output attenuators are operating properly 630 Self test failed internal ADC over range condition This error indicates a probable ADC failure The failure could be of the system ADC the ADC input multiplexer or the ADC input buffer amplifier 631 Self test failed internal A...

Страница 298: ...d is out of range 707 Calibration error signal input is out of range The internal analog to digital converter ADC has determined that the signal applied to the rear panel Modulation In connector is out of range 707 707 Calibration error cal edge time rise time cal error 707 Calibration error cal edge time fall time cal error 707 Calibration error cal edge time default values loaded Indicates a fai...

Страница 299: ... command 781 Not enough memory to store new arb waveform bad sectors Due to a hardware error there are no more memory locations available to store arbitrary waveforms This error is likely the result of a failed Flash memory device 782 Cannot overwrite a built in waveform The following built in waveform names are reserved and cannot be used with the DATA COPY command EXP_RISE EXP_FALL NEG_RAMP SINC...

Страница 300: ...d copies the waveform from volatile memory to the specified name in non volatile memory The source for the copy is always VOLATILE You cannot copy from any other source and you cannot copy to VOLATILE 800 Block length must be even The function generator represents binary data as 16 bit integers which are sent as two bytes DATA DAC VOLATILE command 810 State has not been stored The storage location...

Страница 301: ...6 6 Application Programs 33210A users guide book Page 299 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 302: ... detailed description of these programs refer to the readme file in the Examples directory The programs in this chapter are found in the Examples chapter6 subdirectory If you want to modify the example programs or write your own programs and compile them you will need to install the Keysight IO Libraries Suite software You can install this software from the Keysight E2094 Automation Ready CD ROM t...

Страница 303: ...IO488 to create the actual object The programs listed in this chapter are protected by copyright Copyright 2003 2008 Keysight Technologies You have a royalty free right to use modify reproduce and distribute the Sample Application Files and or any modified version in any way you find useful provided that you agree that Keysight has no warranty obligations or liability for any Sample Application Fi...

Страница 304: ...equency amplitude and offset With Fgen WriteString RST Reset the function generator IO Clear Clear errors and status registers WriteString FUNCtion SINusoid Select waveshape Other options are SQUare RAMP PULSe NOISe DC and USER WriteString OUTPut LOAD 50 Set the load impedance in Ohms 50 Ohms default May also be INFinity as when using oscilloscope or DMM WriteString FREQuency 2500 Set the frequenc...

Страница 305: ...ut an AM waveform This program also shows how to use state storage to store the instrument configuration in memory With Fgen WriteString RST Reset the function generator IO Clear Clear errors and status registers WriteString OUTPut LOAD 50 Output termination is 50 Ohms WriteString FUNCtion SHAPe SINusoid Carrier shape is sine WriteString FREQuency 5000 VOLTage 5 Carrier freq is 5 kHz 5 Vpp WriteSt...

Страница 306: ...tring RST Reset the function generator IO Clear Clear errors and status registers WriteString FUNCtion SINusoid Select waveshape WriteString OUTPut LOAD 50 Set the load impedance to 50 Ohms default WriteString VOLTage 1 Set the amplitude to 1 Vpp WriteString SWEep SPACing LINear Set Linear or LOG spacing WriteString SWEep TIME 1 Sweep time is 1 second WriteString FREQuency STARt 100 Start frequenc...

Страница 307: ... of high and low voltage levels and period The edge time is adjusted by 5 nsec increments With Fgen WriteString RST Reset the function generator IO Clear Clear errors and status registers WriteString FUNCtion PULSe Select pulse waveshape WriteString OUTPut LOAD 50 Set the load impedance to 50 Ohms default WriteString VOLTage LOW 0 Low level 0 V WriteString VOLTage HIGH 0 75 High level 75 V WriteSt...

Страница 308: ...ferred With Fgen WriteString RST Reset the function generator IO Clear Clear errors status registers WriteString OUTPut LOAD 50 Output termination is 50 Ohms WriteString FUNCtion SHAPe PULSe Carrier waveshape is pulse WriteString FREQuency 5000 Carrier frequency is 5 kHz WriteString VOLTage LOW 0 Set parameters to 5 V TTL WriteString VOLTage HIGH 5 WriteString FUNCtion PULSe DCYCle 35 Begin with 3...

Страница 309: ... the arbitrary waveform function to download and output a square wave pulse with a calculated rise time and fall time The waveform consists of 4000 points downloaded to the function generator as ASCII data With Fgen WriteString RST Reset the function generator IO Clear Clear errors and status registers IO Timeout 40000 Set timeout to 40 seconds for long download strings End With Compute waveform t...

Страница 310: ...DATA COPY PULSE VOLATILE Copy arb to non volatile memory WriteString FUNCtion USER PULSE Select the active arb waveform WriteString FUNCtion SHAPe USER Output the selected arb waveform WriteString OUTPut LOAD 50 Output termination is 50 Ohms WriteString FREQuency 5000 VOLTage 5 Output frequency is 5 kHz 5 Vpp WriteString OUTPut ON Enable Output End With Exit Sub MyError txtError Err Description vb...

Страница 311: ...7 7 Tutorial 33210A users guide book Page 309 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 312: ... Signals on page 323 Modulation on page 326 Frequency Sweep on page 329 Burst on page 331 You can use an arbitrary waveform generator in a variety of applications where it might be otherwise difficult or impossible to generate complex output waveforms With an arbitrary waveform generator signal imperfections such as rise time ringing glitches noise and random timing variations can be easily simula...

Страница 313: ... smooths the voltage steps to create the final waveform Direct Digital Synthesis Circuitry The 33210A uses two anti aliasing filters An elliptical filter is used for continuous sine waves because of its nearly flat passband and sharp cutoff above 10 MHz Since elliptical filters exhibit severe ringing for waveforms other than continuous sine waves a linear phase filter is used for all other wavefor...

Страница 314: ...l waveform memory addressing Instead of using a counter to generate sequential memory addresses an adder is used see the following page On each clock cycle the constant loaded into the phase increment register PIR is added to the present result in the phase accumulator The most significant bits of the phase accumulator output are used to address waveform memory By changing the PIR constant the num...

Страница 315: ...ne location during each clock cycle and some points will be skipped If too many points are skipped a phenomenon known as aliasing will occur and the waveform output will become somewhat distorted 50 MHz Waveform Phase Adder 64 Bits Phase Register Register PIR 64 Bits MSBs 13 or 14 bits Memory Address Increment 64 Bits The Nyquist Sampling Theorem states that in order to prevent aliasing the highes...

Страница 316: ...ecessary to fill waveform memory For example if you specify 100 points each waveform point will be repeated an average of 8 192 100 or 81 92 times For the 33210A you do not have to change the length of the waveform to change its output frequency All you have to do is create a waveform of any length and then adjust the function generator s output frequency However in order to get the best results a...

Страница 317: ...s in the frequency domain because many spectral terms are required to describe the discontinuity Leakage error is caused when the waveform record does not include an integral number of cycles of the fundamental frequency Power from the fundamental frequency and its harmonics is transferred to the spectral components of the rectangular sampling function You can reduce leakage errors by adjusting th...

Страница 318: ...ate square waves Square waveforms are created by routing a DDS generated sine wave into a comparator The digital output from the comparator is then used as the basis for the square wave output The duty cycle of the waveform can be varied by changing the comparator s threshold Square Waveform Generation Circuitry Anti Aliasing Waveform Comparator Threshold DAC Filter Voltage DAC 33210A users guide ...

Страница 319: ... by a phase lock loop PLL circuit which also multiplies the incoming frequency from the DDS by five The rising and falling edge times are controlled by a circuit that varies the charging currents in a capacitor Period pulse width and edge time are controlled independently within certain limits The pulse waveform generation circuitry is represented in the following block diagram Pulse Waveform Gene...

Страница 320: ...d by non linearities in the waveform DAC and other elements of the signal path At low amplitudes another possible source of harmonic distortion is due to the current flowing through the cable connected to the function generator s Sync output connector This current can cause a small square wave voltage drop across the resistance of the cable s shield and some of this voltage can be imposed on the m...

Страница 321: ...tantaneous changes in the output frequency jitter It is seen as an elevation of the apparent noise floor near the fundamental frequency and increases at 6 dBc octave with the carrier frequency The 33210A s phase noise specification represents the amplitude of the noise in a 1 Hz bandwidth 10 kHz away from a 10 MHz carrier Quantization Errors Finite DAC resolution 14 bits leads to voltage quantizat...

Страница 322: ...atively large dc voltages For example you can offset a 100 mVpp signal by almost 5 Vdc into a 50Ω load When changing ranges the 33210A switches attenuators such that the output voltage never exceeds the current amplitude setting However momentary disruptions or glitches caused by switching can cause problems in some applications For this reason the 33210A incorporates a range hold feature to freez...

Страница 323: ...orrect load voltage If the actual load impedance is different than the value specified the displayed amplitude offset and high low levels will be incorrect Variations in source resistance are measured and taken into account during an instrument calibration Therefore the accuracy of the load voltage depends primarily on the accuracy of the load resistance as shown below VL x RL Keysight 33210A 50Ω ...

Страница 324: ...tage drop IGND x ZShield appears as an error in the load voltage However since the instrument is isolated there is a high series impedance typically 1 MΩ in parallel with 45 nF in the path to oppose the flow of IGND and thereby minimize this effect Ground Loop Effects At frequencies above a few kilohertz a coaxial cable s shield becomes inductive rather than resistive and the cable acts as a trans...

Страница 325: ...sented as the sum of different sine waves The magnitude of a sine wave is usually specified by its peak peak to peak or root mean square RMS value All of these measures assume that the waveform has zero offset voltage The peak voltage of a waveform is the maximum absolute value of all points in the waveform The peak to peak voltage is the difference between the maximum and minimum The RMS voltage ...

Страница 326: ... because the waveform may have a non zero average value that would be added to the DC Offset You may occasionally see ac levels specified in decibels relative to 1 milliwatt dBm Since dBm represents a power level you will need to know the signal s RMS voltage and the load resistance in order to make the calculation dBm 10 x log10 P 0 001 where P VRMS 2 RL 33210A users guide book Page 324 Wednesday...

Страница 327: ...dBm 75Ω dBm 50Ω 1 76 dBm 600Ω dBm 50Ω 10 79 dBm RMS Voltage Peak to Peak Voltage 23 98 dBm 3 54 Vrms 10 00 Vpp 13 01 dBm 1 00 Vrms 2 828 Vpp 10 00 dBm 707 mVrms 2 000 Vpp 6 99 dBm 500 mVrms 1 414 Vpp 0 00 dBm 224 mVrms 632 mVpp 6 99 dBm 100 mVrms 283 mVpp 10 00 dBm 70 7 mVrms 200 mVpp 36 02 dBm 3 54 mVrms 10 0 mVpp 33210A users guide book Page 325 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 328: ...cording to the modulating signal The function generator will accept an internal or external modulation source If you select the internal source the modulated waveform is generated by a secondary DDS synthesizer If you select the external source the modulated waveform is controlled by the signal level present on the function generator s rear panel Modulation In connector The external signal is samp...

Страница 329: ... a voltage controlled oscillator VCO The variation in frequency of the modulated waveform from the carrier frequency is called the frequency deviation Waveforms with frequency deviations less than 1 of the modulating signal s bandwidth are referred to as narrowband FM Waveforms with larger deviations are referred to as wideband FM The bandwidth of the modulated signal can be approximated by the fo...

Страница 330: ...ed waveform from the pulse width of the pulse waveform is called the width deviation The deviation can also be expressed in terms of duty cycle as a percentage referenced to the period of the pulse waveform which is called the duty cycle deviation In PWM the deviation of width or duty cycle is symmetrical around the pulse width or duty cycle of the original pulse waveform For example if you specif...

Страница 331: ...tputs a continuous sweep at a rate determined by the sweep time specified When the external source is selected the function generator will accept a hardware trigger applied to the rear panel Trig In connector The function generator initiates one sweep each time Trig In receives a TTL pulse A sweep consists of a finite number of small frequency steps Since each step takes the same amount of time lo...

Страница 332: ...fied marker frequency The marker frequency must be between the specified start frequency and stop frequency You can use the Marker function to identify a notable frequency in the response of a device under test DUT for example you may want to identify a resonance To do this connect the Sync output to one channel of your oscilloscope and connect the DUT output to another channel Then trigger the os...

Страница 333: ...ce can be an external signal an internal timer the key or a command received from the remote interface The input for the external trigger signals is the rear panel Trig In connector This connector accepts TTL compatible levels and is referenced to chassis ground not floating ground When not used as an input the Trig In connector can be configured as an output to enable the 33210A to trigger other ...

Страница 334: ...l Trig In connector When the gate signal is true the function generator outputs a continuous waveform When the gate signal goes false the current waveform cycle is completed and then the function generator stops while remaining at the voltage level corresponding to the starting burst phase of the selected waveform 33210A users guide book Page 332 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 335: ...8 8 Specifications 33210A users guide book Page 333 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 336: ...angle Frequency 1 mHz to 100 kHz 1 mHz resolution Linearity 0 1 of peak output Variable Symmetry 0 0 to 100 0 Pulse Frequency 1 mHz to 5 MHz 1 mHz resolution Pulse Width period 10 s 40 ns minimum 10 ns resolution Variable Edge Time 20 ns to 100 ns Overshoot 2 Jitter RMS 300 ps 0 1 ppm of period Noise Bandwidth 7 MHz typical 8 K Arbitrary Waveform Generator Option 002 1 Frequency 1 mHz to 3 MHz 1 m...

Страница 337: ...z 500 Hz Level 100 mVpp to 5 Vpp Impedance 1 kΩ typical Lock Time 2 seconds Rear Panel Output Frequency 10 MHz Level 632 mVpp 0 dBm typical Impedance 50 Ω typ AC coupled Phase Offset Range 360 to 360 degrees Resolution 0 001 degrees Accuracy 20 ns Modulation AM Carrier Waveforms Sine Square Source Internal External Internal Modulation Sine Square Ramp Triangle Noise Arb 2 mHz to 20 kHz Depth 0 0 t...

Страница 338: ...compatible Slope Rising or falling selectable Pulse Width 100 ns Input Impedance 10 kΩ DC coupled Latency 500 ns Jitter RMS 6 ns 3 5 ns for Pulse Trigger Output Level TTL compatible into 1 kΩ Pulse Width 400 ns Output Impedance 50 Ω typical Maximum Rate 1 MHz Fanout 4 Keysight 33210As or equivalent Programming Times typical Configuration Times Arb Download Times binary transfer Download times do n...

Страница 339: ...ested to MIL 461C EN55011 EN50082 1 Vibration and Shock MIL T 28800 Type III Class 5 Acoustic Noise 30 dBa Warm up Time 1 hour LXI Compliance LXI Class C V 1 0 Note Specifications are subject to change without notice For the latest specifications go to the Keysight 33210A product page and find the 33210A Datasheet www keysight com find 33210A _________________ Footnotes 1 To upgrade your 33210A to...

Страница 340: ... Chapter 8 Specifications Keysight 33210A Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator 8 Product Dimensions All dimensions are shown in millimeters 33210A users guide book Page 338 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 341: ...36 modulating frequency 191 modulating source 76 190 modulating waveform 74 modulation depth 75 327 modulation waveshape 190 overview 189 tutorial description 326 amplitude units converting 19 angle burst phase 216 angle phase burst 215 anti aliasing filters 311 application programs 299 APPLy DC command 169 NOISe command 169 PULSe command 168 RAMP command 168 SINusoid command 168 SQUare command 16...

Страница 342: ...d 263 calibration commands 263 error messages 296 message 142 read count 141 reading count 264 securing 263 security code 139 setups 263 storing text message 264 unsecuring 263 calibration certificate 15 CALibration command 263 cardiac waveform 223 carriage return 268 carrying handle changing positions 16 removing 29 catalog arbitrary waveforms 230 CD ROM connectivity software 15 CD ROM shipped wi...

Страница 343: ... 188 edge time pulse 24 71 end or identify message 268 EOI 268 error on phase unlock 248 error messages 271 errors 122 237 data out of range errors 285 settings conflict errors 276 arbitrary waveform errors 297 calibration errors 296 device dependent errors 291 execution errors 276 instrument errors 293 number allowed 237 query errors 292 self test errors 294 examples programming 299 exponential f...

Страница 344: ...anel menu operation 31 front panel selection 18 FSK tutorial description 326 FUNCtion PULSe DCYCle command 187 HOLD command 185 TRANsition command 188 WIDTh command 186 RAMP SYMMetry command 180 SYMMetry command 180 SQUare DCYCle command 179 DCYCle command 179 USER command 228 function allowed with modulation 53 amplitude limitations 54 frequency limitations 54 modulation modes allowed 171 pulse p...

Страница 345: ...34 front panel configuration 47 gateway 132 host name 133 interface commands 243 IP address 131 ip address 243 port usage 246 reset 129 setting address 47 sockets 246 subnet mask 132 LAN configuration 46 128 language SCPI overview 265 language help system 28 last ip address 244 LCD display 4 bulb saver mode 123 leakage errors 315 learn string 240 linear interpolation 114 linear sweep 207 load 35 6...

Страница 346: ...r 180 output frequency burst limitations 55 duty cycle limitations 55 173 front panel selection 17 function limitations 55 163 173 output function allowed with modulation 53 amplitude limitations 54 frequency limitations 54 modulation modes allowed 171 pulse period limitations 185 output impedance 321 effect on amplitude 61 output load 61 output overload 180 output period front panel selection 17 ...

Страница 347: ... waveform 86 modulation source 89 modulation waveshape 198 overview 197 pulse waveform 85 SOURce command 198 STATe command 202 width deviation 87 199 PWM commands 198 Q quantization errors 319 questionable data register bit definitions 255 commands 260 operation 255 queue error 122 237 quick reference commands 147 quick start 13 R rack mounting kits 30 radians 215 ramp waveform symmetry 63 180 ran...

Страница 348: ...l 119 STATus PRESet command 262 QUEStionable CONDition command 260 ENABle command 260 QUEStionable command 260 status byte register bit definitions 251 commands 259 operation 251 status registers 249 condition register 249 enable register 249 event register 249 questionable data register 255 register diagram 249 standard event register 257 status byte register 251 status system 249 stop frequency ...

Страница 349: ...111 209 218 221 TRIGger SLOPe command 209 217 220 SOURce command 208 216 219 trigger burst 104 bus software 216 219 external 208 216 219 immediate internal 208 216 219 software bus 208 source 208 sweep 95 trigger out signal burst 105 trigger out signal sweep 96 TRIGger command 220 trigger output signal 209 218 221 trigger slope 209 217 220 burst 104 sweep 95 trigger input 209 217 220 trigger outpu...

Страница 350: ...form invert 65 waveform output connector 64 enable disable 64 180 polarity 65 waveform polarity 65 waveform tutorial 309 waveforms point interpolation 114 web interface 136 wideband FM 327 width pulse definition 186 Z zero phase reference 248 33210A users guide book Page 348 Wednesday July 16 2008 11 16 AM ...

Страница 351: ...This information is subject to change without notice Keysight Technologies 2008 2014 Edition 2 November 2014 33210 90001 33210 90001 www keysight com ...

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