Technical Data
Fluids, Lubricants and Capacities
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Biodiesel has poor oxidation stability, which can result in long term problems in the storage of biodiesel.
The poor oxidation stability may accelerate fuel oxidation in the fuel system. This is especially true in
engines with electronic fuel systems because these engines operate at higher temperatures. Consult the
fuel supplier for oxidation stability additives.
•
Biodiesel is a fuel that can be made from a variety of feedstock. The feedstock that is used can affect
the performance of the product. Two of the characteristics of the fuel that are affected are cold flow and
oxidation stability. Contact your fuel supplier for guidance.
•
Biodiesel or biodiesel blends are not recommended for engines that will operate occasionally. This is due
to poor oxidation stability. If the user is prepared to accept some risk, then limit biodiesel to a maximum
of B5. Examples of applications that should limit the use of biodiesel are the following, standby generator
sets and certain emergency vehicles.
•
Biodiesel is an excellent medium for microbial contamination and growth. Microbial contamination and
growth can cause corrosion in the fuel system and premature plugging of the fuel filter. The use of
conventional anti-microbial additives and the effectiveness of conventional anti-microbial additives in
biodiesel is not known. Consult your supplier of fuel and additive for assistance.
•
Care must be taken in order to remove water from fuel tanks. Water accelerates microbial contamination
and growth. When biodiesel is compared to distillate fuels, water is naturally more likely to exist in the
biodiesel.
Fuel for Cold Weather Operation
The European standard 'EN590' contains climate dependant requirements and a range of options. The options
can be applied differently in each country. There are five classes that are given to arctic climates and severe
winter climates. 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. Fuel that complies with 'EN590' class 4 can be used at temperatures as low
as -44°C (-47.1°F). Refer to 'EN590' for a detailed discretion of the physical properties of the fuel.
The diesel fuel 'ASTM 0975 grade 1-D S15 or SSOO' that is used in the united states of america may be used
in very cold temperatures that are below -18°C (-0.4°F). In extreme cold ambient conditions, you may also
use fuels that are listed in the table 5. These fuels are intended to be used in temperatures that can be as
low as -54°C (-65.1°F).
Table 29.
Light Distillate Fuels
(1)
Specification
Grade
'MIL-DTL-5624U'
JP-5
'MIL-DTL-83133E'
JP-8
'ASTM D1655'
Jet-A-1
(1) The use of these fuels is acceptable with an appropriate fuel additive and the fuels must meet minimum
requirements that are stated in the tables. Fuel samples should be analyzed for the compliance. Fuels must
not exceed 0.46 mm lubricity wear scar diameter that is tested on a HFFR The test must be performed at 60°C
(139.9°F). Refer to 'ISO 12156-1'. Fuels must have minimum viscosity of 1.4 centistokes that is delivered to
the fuel injection pump. Fuel cooling may be required in order to maintain minimum viscosity of 1.4 centistokes
that is delivered to the fuel injection pump.
There are many other diesel fuel specifications that are published by governments and by technological
societies. Usually, those specifications do not review all the requirements that are addressed in Refer to Table
25., Refer to Table 26., Refer to Table 27.. To make sure the optimum engine performance, a complete fuel
analysis should be obtained before the engine operation. The fuel analysis should include all of the properties
that are stated in the Refer to Table 25., Refer to Table 26., Refer to Table 27..
Fuel Additive
Supplemental diesel fuel additives are not generally recommended. This is due to potential damage to the
fuel system or the engine. Your fuel supplier or the fuel manufacturer will add the appropriate supplemental
diesel fuel additives.
Perkins recognizes the fact that additives may be required in some special circumstances. Fuel additives need
to be used with caution. The additive may not be compatible with the fuel. Some additives may precipitate.
This action causes deposits in the fuel system. The deposits may cause seizure. Some additives may be
corrosive, and some additives may be harmful to the elastomers in the fuel system. Some additives may raise
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