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Introduction

Principles of Operation
GNSS Overview

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1.1. Principles of Operation

Measuring with the right GNSS receiver can provide users accurate and precise positioning, a
requirement for any measuring project. This section gives an overview of existing and proposed
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and receiver functions to help you understand and
apply basic operating principles, allowing you to get the most out of your receiver.

1.1.1. GNSS Overview

Currently, the following three global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) offer line-of-site radio
navigation and positioning, velocity, and time services on a global, all-weather scale to any user
equipped with a GNSS tracking receiver on or near the Earth’s surface:

• GPS – the Global Positioning System maintained and operated by the United States

Department of Defense. For information on the status of this system, visit the US Naval
Observatory website (http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/) or the US Coast Guard website (http://
www.navcen.uscg.gov/).

• GLONASS – the Global Navigation Satellite System maintained and operated by the

Russian Federation Ministry of Defense. For information on the status of this system, visit
the Coordinational Scientific Information Center website (http://www.glonasscenter.ru/
frame_e.html).

• Galileo – an upcoming global positioning system maintained and operated by Galileo

Industries, a joint venture of several European space agencies/companies working closely
with the European Space Agency. Unlike GPS and GLONASS, this is a civil endeavor and
is currently in the development and validation stage. For information on the status of this
system, visit the Galileo Industries website (http://www.galileo-industries.net).

Despite numerous technical differences in the implementation of these systems, satellite
positioning systems have three essential components:

• Space – GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo satellites orbit approximately 12,000 nautical miles

above Earth and are equipped with a clock and radio. These satellites broadcast ranging
signals and various digital information (ephemerides, almanacs, time&frequency
corrections, etc.).

• Control – Ground stations located around the Earth that monitor the satellites and upload

data, including clock corrections and new ephemerides (satellite positions as a function of
time), to ensure the satellites transmit data properly.

• User – The community and military that use GNSS receivers to calculate positions.

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Содержание DELTAGNSS Receiver

Страница 1: ...erved The information contained herein may not be used accessed copied stored displayed sold modified published or distributed or otherwise reproduced without express written consent from JAVAD GNSS D...

Страница 2: ...www javad com...

Страница 3: ...Absolute Positions 17 1 1 3 Calculating Differential Positions 17 1 1 4 Essential Components for Quality Measuring 18 1 2 Getting Acquainted 19 1 2 1 DELTA Receiver 19 TriPad 19 Data and Power Ports...

Страница 4: ...Angle messages 42 3 3 TriPad Configuration 43 Chapter 4 Setup and Measuring 49 4 1 Receiver Setup 49 4 1 1 External Antenna Setup 49 4 1 2 Measure Antenna Height 50 4 2 TriPad Operation 51 4 3 Static...

Страница 5: ...Receiver Specifications 77 A 1 1 General Details 77 A 1 2 GNSS Board Details 81 A 2 Connector Specifications 82 Power Connector 82 Serial RS 232C Connector 83 USB Connector 84 Ethernet Connector 85 RS...

Страница 6: ...6 www javad com...

Страница 7: ...ks of sell modify publish distribute or allow any third party access to any graphics content information or data in this Manual without JAVAD GNSS express written consent and may only use such informa...

Страница 8: ...ate the license at any time by destroying the Software and Manual JAVAD GNSS may terminate the license if you fail to comply with any of the Terms or Conditions You agree to destroy the Software and m...

Страница 9: ...ditions will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California without reference to conflict of laws WEEE Directive The following information is for EU member states...

Страница 10: ...isions of Directive 1999 5 EC Espa ol Spanish Por medio de la presente JAVAD GNSS declara que el DELTA Receiver cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exi...

Страница 11: ...NSS izjavlja da je ta DELTA Receiver v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi dolo ili direktive 1999 5 ES Slovensky Slovak JAVAD GNSS t mto vyhlasuje e DELTA Receiver sp a z kladn po...

Страница 12: ...Product Number 01 580300 01 01 580301 01 01 580302 01 01 58030X 01 Product Options All conforms to the following Product Specification Safety Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC IEC 60950 1999 3rd Editio...

Страница 13: ...njury DANGER UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD THIS ACTION BE PERFORMED Screen Captures This manual includes sample screen captures Your actual screen can look slightly different from the sample screen du...

Страница 14: ...support using the QUESTIONS system at the JAVAD GNSS World Wide Web site www javad com Return Material Authorization Initially the customer contacts support to report a problem Please refer to suppor...

Страница 15: ...lt jobsite conditions The GNSS component of DELTA receivers means you can access the GPS Global Positioning System satellites of the United States the Galileo an upcoming global positioning system mai...

Страница 16: ...Ministry of Defense For information on the status of this system visit the Coordinational Scientific Information Center website http www glonasscenter ru frame_e html Galileo an upcoming global posit...

Страница 17: ...ive coordinates with high accuracy DGPS accommodates various implementation techniques that can be classified according to the following criteria The type of GNSS measurements used either code phase d...

Страница 18: ...g quality position results requires the following elements Accuracy The accuracy of a position primarily depends upon the satellite geometry Geometric Dilution of Precision or GDOP and the measurement...

Страница 19: ...LED will blink red When satellites are tracked the STAT LED will produce one blink for each tracked satellite green for GPS orange for GLONASS The On Off power button turns the receiver on and off Pre...

Страница 20: ...he next three seconds Pressing the FN button for more than eight seconds has no impact After loading new firmware or clearing the receiver s NVRAM the receiver checks its internal file system During t...

Страница 21: ...The 1PPS and Event marker TNS connectors up to two optional External Frequency Input Output TNC connector optional 1 2 2 Cables The DELTA receiver package includes standard communication and power ca...

Страница 22: ...the instrument is completely dry before storing Dry the receiver with a soft clean cloth 1 3 Option Authorization File OAF JAVAD GNSS issues an Option Authorization File OAF to enable the specific opt...

Страница 23: ...nstalling this software and other sections throughout the manual describe using this software with the receiver TriVU is a comprehensive Windows software product designed for controlling GNSS receiver...

Страница 24: ...nnector Receiver to SAE power cable shall be used The external power supply needs to be Listed for US and Certified for EU countries it needs also to be a Limited Power Source and have an output rated...

Страница 25: ...tton and DELTA will be turned ON when receiver is powered from external power supply Note Jumper is installed by default if DELTA ordered without TriPad 2 3 Connecting the Receiver and a Computer JAVA...

Страница 26: ...t A 2 Press the power buttons on the receiver and computer to turn them on 3 Connect to the desired configuration software TriVU Figure 2 2 Connection via RS 232 2 3 2 Establishing a USB Cable Connect...

Страница 27: ...re measuring Preparation Connecting the Receiver and a Computer Establishing a USB Cable Connection 27 www javad com 3 Connect to the desired configuration software TriVU Figure 2 3 Connection via USB...

Страница 28: ...y with a period of 2 5 minutes If the receiver has an almanac you can considerably reduce the time needed to search for and lock on to satellite signals The receiver regularly updates the almanac and...

Страница 29: ...algorithms to accurately calculate a new point In applications intended for post processing the receivers typically log code phase and or carrier phase measurements separately from common satellites...

Страница 30: ...sition A Rover acting as a repeater to re transmit RTK Base station measurements to other rover receivers extending the range of a GPS system To configure manage files or maintain the receiver connect...

Страница 31: ...ion parameters as needed for your particular jobsite Note Do not make other changes without consulting the TriVU Software Manual 1 Connect the receiver and computer as described in Connecting the Rece...

Страница 32: ...e 3 2 Figure 3 2 Set all parameters to defaults 5 Click the MinPad tab and configure the following settings Table 3 1 then click Apply Figure 3 3 on page 33 Table 3 1 Receiver Parameters for the MinPa...

Страница 33: ...or data recording 6 Click the Positioning tab and set the Elevation mask to 15 Figure 3 4 then click Apply Figure 3 4 Configure Receiver Positioning Elevation Mask 7 For the Base receiver click the Ba...

Страница 34: ...meters then click Apply Figure 3 6 on page 35 Positioning Mode For post processed measuring select Standalone for RTK Missourians select RTK float or RTK fixed RTK Parameters RTK mode select either Ex...

Страница 35: ...arch time Figure 3 6 Rover Configuration 9 For RTK measurings click the Ports tab and set the following port parameters for the serial port Table 3 6 then click Apply Figure 3 7 on page 36 Note For po...

Страница 36: ...n the Multipath tab Set the following parameters and click Apply Figure 3 8 on page 37 Code multipath reduction enable Baud rate Select a baud rate to use for transmitting differential messages from t...

Страница 37: ...ange it using TriVU or clearing the NVRAM For more details on the settings available for configuring the Base and Rover receivers refer to the TriVU Software Manual 12 Continue with other configuratio...

Страница 38: ...o that the manual refers to both 3 2 1 Hardware The unit has two antenna inputs a and b as shown in the figure below It can be considered as two independent receivers In this case the receivers will b...

Страница 39: ...w a brief description of the heading determination is given Heading and Pitch Angles Determination The local horizon frame is depicted inFigure 3 10 its axes are called North East and Up Figure 3 10 L...

Страница 40: ...is the angle between the base line vector and the local horizon plane Figure 3 11 Local horizon coordinate frame Standalone Setup The standalone position of the antenna a or b is available along with...

Страница 41: ...tenna a In other words the antenna b is calculated as an RTK rover corrected from the moving base b Figure 3 13 Differentially corrected operation of the unit Unit Setup Let us suppose for example tha...

Страница 42: ...the listed above commands the input mode of one of the ports must be set For example if CMR corrections are received through the serial port c the setting set dev ser c imode cmr Angle messages The h...

Страница 43: ...3 3 TriPad Configuration The DELTA s simple user interface TriPad consists of two buttons Power and FN and up to six LEDs that control and display the receiver s operation Figure 3 14 Figure 3 14 DEL...

Страница 44: ...receiver and computer See Connecting the Receiver and a Computer on page 25 for this procedure 2 Start TriVU Select the COM port and click Ok Figure 3 1 Figure 3 15 Connection Parameters 3 Click the C...

Страница 45: ...when logging receiver data in AFRM mode Values are 1 86400 seconds The default value is one second Elevation Mask for Log File parameter This parameter specifies the minimum elevation angle for the s...

Страница 46: ...rding to a user defined schedule The Period and Phase parameters specify this schedule File rotation launches the moment the receiver time module Period is equal to Phase More precisely a new log file...

Страница 47: ...existing file in the following three cases After pressing the Power button to turn on the receiver After resetting the receiver with TriVU After taking the receiver out of Sleep Mode Before Power Fail...

Страница 48: ...Configuration TriPad Configuration How to Work with DELTAD G2 G2D 48 www javad com...

Страница 49: ...s the antenna height must be measured Before collecting data make sure the Base and Rover receivers contain a current almanac and current ephemeris data see Collecting Almanacs and Ephemerides on page...

Страница 50: ...he bottom of the receiver at the base of the mounting threads Slant measured from the marker to the lower edge of the antenna slant height measure mark SHMM located on both end panels of the receiver...

Страница 51: ...a Recording Auto start parameter on page 63 for details Each time you turn off or on data recording either a new file opens or data appends to a particular file See Always Append to the File parameter...

Страница 52: ...ms Secondly dual frequency receivers need far less observation time to reach the desired accuracy requirement After the measuring completes data the receivers collect can be downloaded onto a computer...

Страница 53: ...radio modem link the Base receiver transmits its measurement and location data to the Rover receiver The Rover based on the transmitted data and its own observation data immediately conducts a baseli...

Страница 54: ...correct messages dependent on the message type received Total number of received corrupt messages dependent on the message type received If the receiver is not for some reason receiving differential...

Страница 55: ...ovide appropriate functionality As JAVAD GNSS releases firmware updates loading these updates into the receiver will ensure that the receiver operates at its full potential 5 1 Downloading Files to a...

Страница 56: ...t the COM port and click Ok Figure 5 1 Figure 5 1 Connection Parameters 3 Click File File Manager then click the Download path tab on the File Manager dialog box 4 Navigate to or create using the Crea...

Страница 57: ...les hold down the shift key and click on nonsequential files to select several files at once or hold down the Ctrl key and click on individual files Figure 5 3 Download Files 7 Click the Download butt...

Страница 58: ...click Exit on the File Manager dialog box 9 Continue with other operations Or click File Disconnect then File Exit to quit TriVU 5 2 Deleting Files Use the following steps to delete files from your r...

Страница 59: ...5 Connection Parameters 3 Click File File Manager and select the file s to delete on the Current log files tab Figure 5 6 Figure 5 6 Current log files tab 4 To select multiple files hold down the shi...

Страница 60: ...te For a complete list of options and their details visit the JAVAD GNSS website You can check the status of your receiver s options and load any new OAFs using the RS232 cable a computer and TriVU Re...

Страница 61: ...d or not Expiration date the date the option will be disabled if applicable Since Options can be both purchased and leased the Current status of the option dis plays the currently effective value Opti...

Страница 62: ...king an OAF on page 60 2 Click Load Figure 5 8 on page 61 to load a new OAF file or Update to update the OAF file The new receiver option loads onto the receiver and the Option Manager table updates 3...

Страница 63: ...nt receiver s settings such as active antenna input elevation masks and recording interval and information about the receiver s internal file system Even though clearing the NVRAM is not a common nor...

Страница 64: ...ing to hold the FN button 4 Wait until the four LEDs blink yellow 5 Release the FN button 5 5 2 Using TriVU to Clear NVRAM 1 Connect your receiver and computer See Connecting the Receiver and a Comput...

Страница 65: ...The receiver will automatically disconnect once the NVRAM is cleared 5 6 Checking Firmware Version Use TriVU to check the firmware version of your receiver 1 Connect your receiver and computer See Con...

Страница 66: ...r IDs Firmware version 4 When finished click OK then click File Disconnect then File Exit to quit TriVU 5 7 Loading New Firmware Base and Rover receivers must be loaded with the same firmware version...

Страница 67: ...e Loading New Firmware Using TriVU to Clear NVRAM 67 www javad com 4 Select the COM port receiver is connected to Click the Test button to ensure the receiver is connected Click Next Figure 5 15 Figur...

Страница 68: ...intenance Loading New Firmware Using TriVU to Clear NVRAM 68 www javad com 5 Select the ZIP archive or any file from unzipped set of firmware images or one image to load Click Next Figure 5 16 Figure...

Страница 69: ...ver and File Maintenance Loading New Firmware Using TriVU to Clear NVRAM 69 www javad com 6 Open the required firmware folder Select the zip file and click Open Figure 5 17 Figure 5 17 New firmware pa...

Страница 70: ...ww javad com 7 Click Next to load new firmware Figure 5 18 Figure 5 18 Files to load 8 Click Exit to quit Firmware Loader 9 Clear the receiver s NVRAM see Clearing the NVRAM on page 63 and update the...

Страница 71: ...secure connections Double check for worn or defective cables Check all power sources Check that the most current software is downloaded onto the computer and that the most current firmware is loaded i...

Страница 72: ...art TriVU 2 Click Configuration Receiver Ports 3 Change the Input for the port used for connection to Command The receiver does not lock on to satellites for a long period of time The receiver stores...

Страница 73: ...ions on page 60 for details on how to check current options Order a new OAF with the desired options activated to enable or extend validity of the corresponding receiver options Contact your dealer or...

Страница 74: ...io receivers according to the procedures listed in the applicable section The distance between the Base and Rover is too far Close the distance between the Base and Rover Use repeaters to increase rad...

Страница 75: ...contact JAVAD GNSS Support Before contacting JAVAD GNSS Customer support about any problems with the receiver see Check This First on page 71 for some solutions that may fix the issue To contact JAVA...

Страница 76: ...Troubleshooting Technical Support 76 www javad com...

Страница 77: ...activity performance may degrade Note Use robust checking procedures in areas of extreme multipath or under dense foliage A 1 Receiver Specifications The following sections provide specifications for...

Страница 78: ...R CAN optional up to two 1PPS output optional up to two Event Marker input optional TriPad Two LEDs STAT REC Two function buttons ON OFF FN Data Features Up to 100 Hz update rate for real time positio...

Страница 79: ...003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1019 1011 1012 1020 user selectable Ambiguity initialize OTF L1 L1 L2 Baseline Length Up to 50 km in the morning and evening Up to 32 km at noon Initialize time 5 seconds...

Страница 80: ...a separation in m Cold Start Warm Start Reacquisition 35 sec 5 sec 1 sec 1 RTK update rate means the position update rate of the rover working in the extrapolation mode In the extrapolation mode you m...

Страница 81: ...ode Carrier Tracking Functions Multipath reduction Code and Carrier PLL DLL settings Bandwidth order adjustable Smoothing interval Code and Carrier WAAS EGNOS WAAS optional EGNOS optional Memory Inter...

Страница 82: ...led receptacle 5 pin ODU p n G80F1C T05QF00 0000 Figure A 1 Power Connector Table A 3 gives power connector specifications Table A 3 Power Connector Specifications 1 5 4 2 3 Number Signal Name Dir Det...

Страница 83: ...ceptacle 7 pin ODU p n G80F1C T07QC00 0000 Figure A 2 RS 232C Connector Table A 4 gives the RS 232C cable connector specifications Table A 4 RS 232C Cable Connector Specifications 1 7 2 3 4 5 6 Number...

Страница 84: ...connector is a sealed receptacle 5 pin ODU p n G80F2C P05QF00 0000 Figure A 3 Figure A 3 USB Connector Table A 5 gives the USB connector specifications Table A 5 USB Connector Specifications 1 2 3 4 5...

Страница 85: ...7 pin ODU p n G80F2C P07QC00 0000 Figure A 4 Figure A 4 Ethernet Connector Table A 6 Ethernet Connector Specifications 7 6 1 2 3 4 5 Number Signal Name Dir Details 1 Not used 2 Power_GND Signal ground...

Страница 86: ...The external antenna connector type is a TNC RF connector with an Applied Engineering Product p n 6001 7051 003 RF input from LNA 100 mA at 5 0 volts DC output EVENT and 1PPS Connectors Optional The E...

Страница 87: ...e apparatus Only use attachments accessories specified by the manufacturer Use only with a pole cart stand or tripod specified by the manufacturer or sold with the apparatus When a cart is used use ca...

Страница 88: ...mited Power Source and have an output rated for 4 5 35 V DC not less than 2A This may not be the same range as other JAVAD GNSS products with which you are familiar CAUTION To reduce the risk of elect...

Страница 89: ...ltage and current requirements Note JAVAD GNSS recomends sertified Phihong power supply PSAA60W 120 JAVAD GNSS p n 22 570101 01 for indoor use Note Before plugging the power cord into an AC outlet mak...

Страница 90: ...Safety Warnings Usage Warnings 90 www javad com...

Страница 91: ...age to the product resulting from an accident disaster misuses abuse or modification of the product Warranty service may be obtained from an authorized JAVAD GNSS warranty service dealer If this produ...

Страница 92: ...1731 Technology Drive San Jose CA 95110 USA Phone 1 408 573 8100 Fax 1 408 573 9100 www javad com Copyright JAVAD GNSS Inc 2009 All rights reserved No unauthorized duplication...

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