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Issue 1a - 10/99

      8-7

Introduction to Frame Relay

•

Control Protocol:

The Frame Relay protocol is a relatively
straightforward protocol with very few rules and
procedures. The basic idea is

fairly simple - if a

valid frame is received it should be forwarded to its
destination and, if congestion occurs, network
nodes can discard frames in order to alleviate the
problem. The Frame Relay Forum’s implementation
agreement reflects this ‘frame discard’ method but the
international standards offer additional options
including the LMI protocol.
(Refer to the section on LMI later in this Chapter for
further details).

A Typical Frame Relay Network

The following diagram shows a typical Frame Relay network:

Equipment & the Frame Relay Network

Data Terminal Equipment (DTEs):

These are the end-user devices which use Frame Relay
network services. These may be PCs, intelligent
terminals or host mainframes.

Frame Relay Access Device (FRAD):

This equipment accepts and encapsulates traffic for
transport over the network.  Frame Relay Access
Equipment also communicates with Frame Relay
switches to set up and manage circuits and congestion.

Frame Relay Switches:

These switches accept traffic from access equipment
and relay it, over the network, to switches at the
other side.

Содержание auroraTempo

Страница 1: ... you support your product This manual provides the best information we could find It may be incomplete or contain dated information and the scan quality may not be ideal If we find a better copy in the future we will add it to the Agilent website Support for Your Product Agilent no longer sells or supports this product You will find any other available product information on the Agilent Test Measu...

Страница 2: ...423972 Issue 1a 10 99 auroraTempo User Guide ...

Страница 3: ... Communications Ltd The copyright and all restrictions on reproduction and use apply to all media in which this information may be placed Trend Communications Ltd pursues a policy of continual product improvement and reserves the right to alter without notice the specification design price or conditions of supply of any product or service The Trend aurora name is a registered trademark of Trend Co...

Страница 4: ...ery Power 2 2 Recharging the Battery Packs 2 3 Replacing Battery Packs 2 4 Getting Started 3 2 Connecting auroraTempo 3 2 Switching Power On 3 4 The Main Display Menu 3 4 About the Windows 3 5 Displaying Selecting Menu Options 3 6 About Interfaces 3 7 Selecting an Interface 3 7 Freeing an Interface 3 8 About Applications 3 8 Selecting an Application 3 8 Opening a Second Application 3 9 Exiting an ...

Страница 5: ...Performing a BER Test 4 12 Setting up a BER Test 4 12 Starting Stopping a BER Test 4 15 Understanding BER Test Results 4 15 Resetting BER Test Results 4 17 Injecting Bit Errors 4 17 Saving Downloading BER Test Results 4 18 Saving Results to File 4 18 Downloading Results via the Serial Port 4 20 Injecting Layer 1 Errors 4 22 Performing a Remote Loop Test 4 24 Activating Deactivating Remote Loops 4 ...

Страница 6: ...pecifying a DLCI Range for SVCs 5 8 Setting Other SVC Parameters 5 9 Bearer Capability 5 9 Channel Identification 5 10 DLCI Identifier 5 10 Progress Indicator 5 10 Network Facility 5 12 End to End Transit Delay 5 12 Packet Binary Parameters 5 13 Link Layer Core 5 13 Link Layer Protocol 5 14 X 213 Priority 5 14 Setting up a Calling Party Number CPN 5 15 Setting up a Calling Party Sub address 5 18 S...

Страница 7: ...e 5 39 Displaying Call Information 5 39 Manipulating PVCs SVCs 5 41 Adding Deleting PVCs 5 41 Activating Deactivating PVCs 5 43 Connecting Disconnecting SVCs 5 44 Adding Deleting Fixed DLCIs 5 45 Purging DLCIs 5 46 Getting Detailed Statistics on a DLCI 5 46 Resetting the Statistical Counters 5 49 Displaying Statistics for a Different DLCI 5 49 Displaying Interface Statistics 5 49 Returning to the ...

Страница 8: ...eceive Throughput Test 5 87 Stopping a Test 5 89 Saving Downloading Test Results 5 90 Section 4 Customizing Data Capture Display 5 91 Displaying Full or Summary Decode Data 5 91 Using a Filter 5 92 Logger Filters 5 92 Decode Filters 5 93 Applying an Existing Filter 5 93 Creating a New Filter 5 94 Editing a Filter 5 97 Configuring auroraTempo 6 2 Accessing Configuration 6 2 Configuring an Interface...

Страница 9: ...g the Date and Time 6 13 Setting the Display Language 6 14 Switching Audio Warnings On and Off 6 14 Setting up auroraTempo for Remote Control 6 14 Applying Factory Defaults 6 14 Displaying Frame Relay Settings 6 15 Saving a Configuration File 6 15 Applying a Configuration File 6 16 Applying Configuration Defaults 6 17 Downloading New Software 6 22 Installing the New Software 6 22 Working with the ...

Страница 10: ...duction to Frame Relay 8 2 What is Frame Relay 8 2 Frame Relay Standards 8 4 A Typical Frame Relay Network 8 7 Equipment the Frame Relay Network 8 7 Equipment Interface Reference Points 8 8 Frames 8 8 Virtual Circuits 8 11 PVC 8 12 SVC 8 12 Frame Relay Protocol 8 15 Congestion Control 8 16 Committed Information Rate Burst Size 8 17 LMI Local Management Interface 8 19 Appendix 1 Technical Data A1 2...

Страница 11: ...Issue 1a 10 99 1 1 Introducing auroraTempo Introducing auroraTempo Contents Welcome 1 2 Your auroraTempo 1 5 A look at auroraTempo 1 7 ...

Страница 12: ... guide so that you know where to find information when you need it The structure of the guide is as follows Chapter 1 this chapter provides an overview of auroraTempo Chapter 2 describes how to maintain the power supply to auroraTempo Chapter 3 discusses the basics to help get you started Chapter 4 discusses how to use auroraTempo to check the quality and integrity of physical lines Chapter 5 desc...

Страница 13: ... Internet 0xCC and IEEE SNAP 0x80 messagesencodedusingRFC1490 We recommend that you keep this Guide in the carry case when not in use Conventions The terms phrases and conventions used throughout this guide are explained below Press means press the indicated key once The name of the key is displayed in bold italic typeface For example press MODE Choose means move to an option on the or Select menu...

Страница 14: ...nguish them menu options are shown in a different typeface for example chooseFrame Relay Differences between the Simulate and Monitor modes are indicated where appropriate by the following symbols Likewise where there are differences between the different interfaces this is indicated by the symbols Differences between the various protocols are indicated throughout this guide using symbols For exam...

Страница 15: ...ides a full suite of physical layer and Frame Relay tests that allow you to quickly verify the service or perform more in depth real time and statistical analysis for both Switched Virtual Circuits SVCs and Permanent Virtual Circuits PVCs auroraTempo is designed to be fully portable and so can be powered either by battery or from the mains You can use your auroraTempo either laid flat on its back ...

Страница 16: ...arry case when not in use Caution Do not use solvents strong detergents or abrasive materials to clean auroraTempo Use only cleaning agents approved for use on plastics Safety When using your auroraTempo basic safety precautions should always be followed to reduce the risk of fire electric shock and injury to persons including the following Do not open the back of the unit while it is powered up U...

Страница 17: ...nnectors of auroraTempo The Keypad The following section describes each of auroraTempo s keys in turn Backlight Press this key to illuminate the LCD press it again to switch the backlight off Contrast Use these keys to adjust the contrast of auroraTempo Press the button to lighten the screen press the button to darken the screen ...

Страница 18: ...own information displayed in a Traffic window one message at a time 3 PG UP 9 PG DN Use these keys to move up and down information displayed in a Traffic window one screen at a time Key This key is provided for compatibility with standard telephone handsets Key This key is provided for compatibility with standard telephone handsets Cursor Use this key to move the cursor Up Pad Down Left or Right a...

Страница 19: ... is reserved for future development Power Press this key to power auroraTempo on and off Mode Press this key to cycle to the next window associated with the application Only one window is active at a time and this window is indicated by the highlighted box which surrounds it Menu Use this key to display menu options for the current window Shift This key acts just like the Shift key on a PC keyboar...

Страница 20: ... help information PressESC to exit from the help screen and continue Refer to Getting Help in Chapter 3 for further information File Press these keys to access the File Manager which lets you work with files stored in auroraTempo Refer to Chapter 7 for further information MainMenu Press these keys to display the Main Menu This is useful for switching between the different applications LED Indicato...

Страница 21: ...the mains adapter charger refer to Chapter 2 for further information CHARGE Greenshows the battery is charging LED functions ASSIGN Shows whether the interface is assigned Green Interface assigned to an application Off Interface not assigned L1STAT The current status of Layer 1 Green Full Layer 1 activation Red Physical alarm has been triggered see Chapter 4 L1 HIST The alarm history of Layer 1 Of...

Страница 22: ...hat auroraTempo is attempting to transmit data but is being prevented from doing so by a control line Rx Green indicates that auroraTempo is receiving data Red shows that auroraTempo is attempting to receive data but is being prevented from doing so by a control line TEST ERR Red indicates that an error has occurred in the test being performed BERT SYNC Green shows that a BER test is running and t...

Страница 23: ... supplied mains adapter charger Refer to Chapter 2 for further information onpoweringauroraTempo Serial port Use this port to connect auroraTempo to a PC terminal or printer This is a bidirectional serial port which can be configured using a menu option Refer to Setting up the Serial Port in Chapter 6 External Clock Input Use this port to input an external clock source this is a logic level serial...

Страница 24: ...45 Transmit ReceiveRJ45120Ω connector used to connect auroraTempo for simulation and monitoring MON ONLY Receive BNC 75Ω connector used for monitoring Interface connectors cables Tx Transmit bantam connector use this to connect auroraTempo for simulation functions Rx MON Receive bantam connector use this to connect auroraTempo for both simulation and monitor functions RJ48C Transmit Receive RJ48C ...

Страница 25: ...cable Multi adapter These short cables either connect cables directly to auroraTempo or to the extension cable The sockets at the other end let you connect to a wide range of different V and X series ports RS232 RS449 EIA530 V 35 and X 21 Connector safety The connectors on your auroraTempo are designed to conform to EN60950 safety status classification Connection with other equipment should be mad...

Страница 26: ...auroraTempo User Guide 1 16 423972 ...

Страница 27: ...Issue 1a 10 99 2 1 Power Sources Power Sources Contents Using AC Power 2 2 Using Battery Power 2 2 ...

Страница 28: ...eries for at least five hours Using AC Power You can power auroraTempo from the external AC supply using the adapter charger supplied with the unit Simply plug the power adapter charger into the External DC supply input socket and switch auroraTempo on Using Battery Power auroraTempo can be fitted with either 6 x 1 5V standard D cells purchasable from most stores 2 removable rechargeable nickel ca...

Страница 29: ...roraTempo can be charged in auroraTempo Check that the battery pack is completely discharged All nickel cadmium cells exhibit a memory This means that if a partially discharged battery is recharged some of the capacity of the battery is lost For this reason we recommend that battery packs are discharged completely before recharging Refer to the next section for a convenient method of discharging a...

Страница 30: ... charging is complete you may switch off the AC supply and disconnect the adapter charger Charging time The rechargeable battery pack is Fastcharged only when auroraTempo is switchedoff and the power adapter charger is connected Charge time from flat to fully charged is about 6 hours Replacing Battery Packs Batteries are positioned down each side of auroraTempo The following illustration shows the...

Страница 31: ... refitting a battery pack check that the contacts are clean and if necessary brush away any deposits using a cloth or tissue Refit the batteries by gently sliding them into the unit Firmly secure the cover ensuring the battery pack release buttons are firmly engaged Refitting rechargeable batteries The battery packs are factory sealed and must not be opened To fit a rechargeable battery pack conne...

Страница 32: ...empo User Guide 2 6 423972 firmly secure the cover ensuring the battery pack release buttons are firmly engaged Warnings Do Not Connect Two Rechargeable Batteries together Do Not Short Circuit Battery Contacts ...

Страница 33: ...onnecting auroraTempo 3 2 Switching Power on 3 5 The Main Display Menu 3 6 About the Windows 3 7 Displaying Selecting Menu Options 3 8 About Interfaces 3 9 About Applications 3 10 Simulation Monitor Modes 3 12 Displaying Status Information 3 13 Getting Help 3 17 ...

Страница 34: ...ts and their corresponding cables are described in Communications Ports Connectors in Chapter 1 To connect auroraTempo ready for testing Insert the appropriate connector cable s into auroraTempo The type of connector depends on the interface you are using Connect the other end of the cable to the equipment under test The following diagram shows all the points on the Frame Relay network where you c...

Страница 35: ...Issue 1a 10 99 3 3 Getting Started Connecting auroraTempo within the Frame Relay Network ...

Страница 36: ...persists contact Hewlett Packard The splash screen displays information about the interfaces fitted and the software version number Press any key to exit from the splash screen and display the auroraTempo main display The splash screen is automatically exited after 5 seconds if no keys are pressed The Main Display Menu The main display shows what is currently assigned to each interface and the cur...

Страница 37: ...everal windows screens simultaneously Generally windows relating to Interface A are displayed on the left hand side of the screen and windows relating to Interface B are displayed on the right hand side However only one window is active at a time the active window is clearly indicated by a double box which surrounds it Active window ...

Страница 38: ...r half screen press SHIFT and the UP and DOWN arrow keys Exiting from a window Press ESC to exit the currently active window Displaying Selecting Menu Options Most of auroraTempo s functions can be accessed through menu options The menu options available depend on the currently active window you may find it useful to refer to the menutree diagrams in Appendix 3 To display menu options Press the ME...

Страница 39: ...ssENTER to select an option and automatically save and exit the menu About Interfaces auroraTempo has two interfaces which it labels Interface A and Interface B regardless of the type of connector port associated with each For example Interface A may be fitted with a T1 connector and Interface B with a V X connector 2 Note Windows relating to Interface A are generally displayed on the left hand si...

Страница 40: ...one application per interface at a time Selecting an Application Once you have chosen an interface with which to work from the Main Menu you can choose an application Choose an application from the Application Menu The options are as follows Physical Select this option to test the Physical LayerusingauroraTempo Frame Relay Use this option to perform Frame Relay testing with auroraTempo Free Intf C...

Страница 41: ... is displayed in the adjacent window Switching between applications If you have two applications of the same type running simultaneously for example two Frame Relay applications you can switch between them Press the MODE key the second application becomes active If you have two different applications running simultaneously for example Frame Relay and Physical Testing you can switch between them Pr...

Страница 42: ...e are in use Differences between the two modes are indicated throughout this guide by the following symbols Selecting Simulate or Monitor Mode Once you have selected an interface with which to work and the appropriate application you can choose either Simulate or Monitor mode ChooseSimulate or Monitor from the Interface menu Displaying Status Information auroraTempo lets you display three differen...

Страница 43: ...e edited except for letting you reset the counters Physical Status Information The Physical Status window displays information about the physical ports and the line under test Use the More function key to navigate through any additional pages of status information This window is fully described in Understanding the Status Display in Chapter 4 please refer to this for further information If nothing...

Страница 44: ...Parity Shows the type of parity bit if any which is currently selected Stop Bits Displays the current setting for the number of stop bits Flow Control Shows the current selection for flow control Logging to file is displayed if aurora has a file open for logging to otherwise is shown Logging to serial is displayed if aurora is set up to download to the serial port otherwise is shown Logging to exp...

Страница 45: ...plays if LMI procedures are active otherwise is shown LMI Link Failures The number of link failures which have occurred in other words the number of times the status moves from Active to Inactive LMI Send Seq Num Shows the sequence number each time an LMI frame is sent with a Keep Alive information element LMI Recv Seq Num Shows the sequence number each time an LMI frame is received with a Keep Al...

Страница 46: ... 3 14 423972 If nothing is assigned to the interface Interface Not Assigned is displayed Exiting the Status Screens To exit from the status display Press ESC to exit from the status windows and return to the previous display ...

Страница 47: ...aTempo by pressing the SHIFT and HELP keys simultaneously A window similar to the following is displayed If the help text spans several windows use the Next and Prev function keys to move through the windows Exiting on screen help Press ESC to exit the help screen and return to the previous screen ...

Страница 48: ...auroraTempo User Guide 3 16 423972 ...

Страница 49: ...Testing Contents Understanding the Status Display 4 2 Performing a BER Test 4 12 Saving Downloading BER Test Results 4 19 Injecting Layer 1 Errors 4 23 Performing a Remote Loop Test 4 25 Performing a Line Rate Test 4 30 Applying a Local Loop 4 31 ...

Страница 50: ...e available when you are using some interfaces Starting the Physical Testing Application After selecting an interface choosePhysical from the Application Menu ThePhysical Status window is displayed Understanding the Status Display This window displays current and historical status information for the physical ports The information displayed depends on what type of interfaces you have fitted Frame ...

Страница 51: ...whether a loop has been applied to the line In Simulate mode auroraTempo shows a set of receive indicators labelled Rx and a set of transmit indicators labelled Tx In Monitor mode there are two sets one for each receive port labelled Rx and Rx Mon 2 Note auroraTempo can emulate both a CSU DSU and an OCU If it is emulating a CSU DSU it can operate at a speed of 56 or 64 kbps If it is emulating an O...

Страница 52: ...ations that have occurred Type Speed CSU DSU OCU LOF All 0s speed Indicates the presence of all ones Indicates the presence of all zeros the state of the sealing current or N Alarm Clear Alarm Clear indicates that there is currently loss of frame synchronization indicates that there is frame synchronization Synchronous Digital Data Service indicates that there is a problem with the Synchronous Dig...

Страница 53: ...oss of frame synchronization indicates that there is frame synchronization is displayed when the Alarm Indication Signal is received is displayed when AIS is not received is displayed when Remote Alarm Indication is received indicates no RAI is received Displays the number of bipolar violations that have occurred In Multiframed mode only displays the number of CRC4 errors that have occurred Displa...

Страница 54: ...or rate The number of seconds in which one or more CRC4 errors have occurred FAS Rate FAS Secs The Frame Alignment Signal error rate The number of seconds in which one or more FAS errors have occurred Display Status Description To display the SA BIT DECODE for the first interface press F1 Physical Next then press F2 Start Sa Decode Information is displayed for timeslot 0 2 Note If you are running ...

Страница 55: ...ived The last 4 state changes of the multiframe with timestamps Sa5 and Sa6 History Sa7 History Timestamp when Sa7 was last pulsed to 0 Display Status Description To stop collecting status information PressF2Stop Sa Decode If the other interface is assigned to display the SA BIT DECODE for that interface Press F1 Physical Next Physical Next Physical Next Physical Next Physical Next then pressF2 St...

Страница 56: ...auroraTempo User Guide 4 8 423972 The following table provides a key to the T1 display ...

Страница 57: ...Issue 1a 10 99 4 9 Physical Testing Tip Use the More Info option on the Physical status menu to toggle between the pages of status information ...

Страница 58: ...provides a key to the V X display Printing Status Information To print all status information for an interface Connect an RS232 cable to auroraTempo s serial port and connect the other end to a printer or PC Choose Print Status from the Physical Status menu ...

Страница 59: ...ption The counters are reset to zero Status at a Glance auroraTempo shows you at a glance if anything has changed since the counters were last reset A highlighted box is placed around what has changed and the red L1 HIST LED lights up for the T1 E1 and DDS interfaces For example if an RCL Loss of signal alarm occurs after resetting the counters the following is shown Removing the highlighting Choo...

Страница 60: ... received pattern is compared with the transmitted pattern and an error count is given To perform a BER Test Press the function key labelled Bert The BERT Test window is displayed For a description of this window see Understanding BER Test Resultsin this chapter Setting up a BER Test auroraTempo lets you define parameters for a BER Test such as the BERT pattern the duration of the test and pass fa...

Страница 61: ...Issue 1a 10 99 4 13 Physical Testing Choose the appropriate pattern The following table describes the available patterns ...

Страница 62: ...in a 100 millisecond time period ChooseSync threshold to display a sub menu and select the appropriate percentage of errors Specifying a pass fail measure You can set the criterion which establishes whether a BER Test passes or fails To do this SelectPass Measure to display a sub menu of different measures Choose the measure which will be used to determine if the BER Test passes or fails Setting a...

Страница 63: ...m the Bert Menu The BER Test begins and theBERT Testwindow displays the results of the BER Test Press F1 Stop Test or press MENU and selectStop from the Bert Menu The BER Test ends Understanding BER Test Results The BERT Test window displays the results of the BER Test These results are explained in the following table ...

Страница 64: ...ch the link is considered to be available This is the number of bit errors divided by the number of bits received The ratio is displayed as X XE Y which represents X X times 10 to the power of Y For example 3 9E 3 represents 3 9 x 10 3 or 3 9 bit errors in 1 000 This is the length of time that pattern synchronization was achieved This is displayed in h mm ss where h hours mm minutes and ss seconds...

Страница 65: ...ERT errors or logic errors Press F2 Inject Bit Error while a BER Test is running to inject a single bit error into the transmitted data stream Injecting Multiple Bit Errors You can automatically inject multiple bit errors at a set rate into the transmitted data stream while a BER Test is running To do this Choose F3Start Bit Errors to display a sub menu of errorrates Highlight a rate at which to i...

Страница 66: ...e MENU key to display the Bert Menu and choose Logging Options Saving Results to File auroraTempo lets you save BER Test results to file When the file is full auroraTempo begins overwriting the oldest data first Inputting a file name Highlight Log to File and press ENTER or the RIGHT arrow key to toggle this option to display a tick When a tick is displayed auroraTempo displays the following scree...

Страница 67: ...ing cursor over the character you want to delete in the file name display using F1 and F6 and press F4 Delete Exiting from the file name entry window To exit and save your changes press F2 Save Exit If the file name already exists the maximum number of files have been allocated or insufficient file space remains a warning box is displayed Press F1 or F6 to close this box To exit without making cha...

Страница 68: ...upplied RS232 cable to auroraTempo the other end should be connected to a PC Downloading current results Choose Log Serial immediate to download the currently displayed results via the serial port Downloading results at set intervals Alternatively to download results to file at various intervals highlight Log To Serial and press ENTER or the RIGHT arrow key to toggle this option to display a tick ...

Страница 69: ...ing The following example shows what is typically downloaded BERT Pattern 2 6 1 63 Rx bits 10 3 2799 Rx errs 15 Deg mins 0 0 Err secs 14 7 Sev err secs 0 0 Unav secs 0 Av secs 50 BER 5 3E 06 Time in synch 0 00 50 OOS secs 22 Unav OOS secs 22 Pass fail statistic BER Pass Test status Finished ...

Страница 70: ...into the line these are shown in the following tables Out of Service 56kps only Injects an out of service error Out of Frame 56kps only 56kps only 56kps only Injects an out of frame error Injects an idle error Injects all zeroes All ones DMI All zeroes Idle CMI Injects all ones Error Type Description BPV Injects a bi polar violation error CRC ESF mode only ESF mode only Injects a cyclic redundancy...

Страница 71: ... following table Single Injects a single error 2 in 5 1 in 1000 Continuous Injects 2 errors in every 5 bits Injects 1 error in every 1000 bits Injects errors continuously Error Rate Description DDS DDS DDS DDS 2 Note The error rates available depend on the error type you have chosen Choose Inject Single or Start Injection depending on what is selected in Line Error Rate from the BERT Inject menu t...

Страница 72: ... instructed to stop The loop is only established by the receiving end when three or more loop codes are received and the sender stops loop code transmission With SF framing the receiving end establishes the loop after it has received codes for five seconds auroraTempo enables you to establish two types of loop CSU Loop Sealing Current Reversal and DSU Loop BPV Sequence 2 Note You can only establis...

Страница 73: ...r selection is displayed in the Remote Loop Test window Press F5 Stop Sending Loop Code to stop the transmission of loop codes note the function key displays a different option after selection The Remote Loop Test window displays Loop Established if the loop has been successfully established at the receiving end otherwise Loop Not Established is shown 2 Note If auroraTempo is acting as the receivi...

Страница 74: ...oved If you apply a CSU or DSU loop any local loop that has been established is removed To start to establish a loop at the receiving end Press F1Apply CSU Loopback orF6 Apply DSU Loopback Your selection is displayed in theRemote Loop Test window Deactivating a loop code To instruct the receiving end to clear down a particular type of loop Press F6 Send Loop Deactivation to display a sub menu of l...

Страница 75: ...following tables 2 Note Up indicates the loop activation code Down indicates the loop deactivation code Deactivating a loop To instruct the receiving end to clear down a particular type of loop PressF1Stop CSU LoopbackorF6Stop DSU Loopback Loop Not Establishedisdisplayedinthe Remote Loop Testwindow ...

Страница 76: ... and a cross When a tick is displayed auroraTempo verifies that the loop is established The Remote Loop Test window displays Loop Verification Disabled when the verify feature is switched off andLoop Verification Enabled when switched on To do this 2 Note You can only verify a loop using theStart Loop Verify hot key if a DSU loopback has been applied If you have applied a CSU loopback you can run ...

Страница 77: ...Line Rate or press MENU and select the Line Rate option from the menu The Line Rate Test window is displayed Starting the test Press F1 Start Line Rate or press MENU and select the Start option The test begins and the following is displayed Line Rate the calculated line frequency from the clock source The nominal line rate for the T1 interface is 1 544 Mbits sec and for the E1 interface it is 2 04...

Страница 78: ...he test Press F1 Stop Line Rate or press MENU and select the Stop option The Line Rate test ends Applying a Local Loop When a local loop is applied auroraTempo transmits any data that it receives You can set up a Local Loop from the Physical Status window To do this Press the function key labelled Local Loop or press MENU and select Local Loop from the menu The Local Loop Test window is displayed ...

Страница 79: ...ack any data received including framingbits Press F1 Apply Local Loop or press MENU and select Apply Local Loopfrom the menu auroraTempo establishes a loop and Local Loop Appliedis displayed To remove the line loop press F1 Remove Local Loop auroraTempo clears down the loop and No Local Loop Appliedis displayed Applying a Payload Loop DDS DDS A payload loop only loops back the contents of the rece...

Страница 80: ...auroraTempo User Guide 4 32 423972 ...

Страница 81: ...ting Section 1 Issue 1a 10 99 5 1 Frame Relay Testing Contents Section 1 Setting up the Link 5 3 Section 2 Displaying Capturing Data 5 28 Section 3 Performing Tests 5 56 Section 4 Customizing Data Capture Display 5 92 ...

Страница 82: ... 1 Setting up the Link Section 2 Displaying CapturingData Section 3 Performing Tests Section 4 Customizing Data Capture Display Tip For an overview of Frame Relay and its associated terminology please refer to Chapter 8 Introduction to Frame Relay Starting the Frame Relay Application After selecting an interface choose Frame Relay from the Application Menu Choose either Simulate or Monitor mode fr...

Страница 83: ...inimum and maximum SVC and PVC DLCI values Accessing Link Configuration After selecting an interface and the Frame Relay application choose Link Config from the Interface menu The Link Configuration menu is displayed Tip You can display Frame Relay status information from any window For details on how to do this please refer to Chapter 3 Displaying Status Information In addition you can also view ...

Страница 84: ...to refer to Equipment Interface Reference Points in Chapter 8 for further information Choose Interface type in the Link Configuration menu to display a sub menu of interface types Choose the interface type On exiting the sub menu your selection is displayed The interface types are as follows User Net UNI User to Network signalling Net User UNI Network to User signalling Net Net NNI Network to Netw...

Страница 85: ...anent Virtual Circuit SVC PVC Both Switched and Permanent Virtual Circuits None No circuits 2 Note If the Circuit type is set to SVC PVC and the SVC protocol is Q933B the SVC protocol defaults to FRF4 PVC Configuration If you have set Circuit type to either PVC or SVC PVC you can set up parameters for permanent virtual circuits PVCs from the Link Configuration menu Setting the LMI Protocol ChooseL...

Страница 86: ... information Setting the minimum PVC DLCI You can set the minimum DLCI value for a PVC from the Link Configuration menu Choose LMI Lower dlci to display a sub menu Enter a value in the given range if the value is outside this range CHECK RANGE is displayed Setting the maximum PVC DLCI You can set the maximum DLCI value for a PVC from the Link Configuration menu Choose LMI Upper dlci to display a s...

Страница 87: ...ss the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu Enter a number of events in the range 1 to 10 if the value is outside this range CHECKRANGE isdisplayed t391 link integrity timer Highlight t391 and press theRIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu Enter a number of seconds in the range 5 to 30 if the value is outside this range CHECKRANGE isdisplayed t392 polling timer value Highlight t392 and press theR...

Страница 88: ...urationmenu Setting the SVC Protocol ChooseSVC Protocoltodisplayaprotocolssub menu Choose from FRF4 X36 Q933A and Q933B 2 Note If you select Q933B the Circuit type defaults to SVC only Specifying a DLCI Range for SVCs You can define a range of DLCI values with upper and lower limits for SVCs This range is used when you automatically add an SVC using theNext DLCI option see Manipulating PVCs SVCs i...

Страница 89: ...k Configuration menu to display a sub menu of SVC parameters 2 Notes Some parameters are protocol dependant auroraTempo only displays those that are valid for the selected protocol Mandatory options are indicated on the menu with an M Mandatory options depend on the protocol selected and the interface type either network or user For a full description of the information elements mentioned in this ...

Страница 90: ...rent setting for the DLCI Identifier either Preferredor Exclusive To alter the current setting press theRIGHT arrow key again to display a sub menu Choose either Preferred orExclusive Tip After making a selection remember to press the LEFT arrow key to save and exit from any further sub menus Progress Indicator Use this option to define and add a progress indicator information element to the Call ...

Страница 91: ...ns available depend on the Interface type you have chosen To alter the current setting of the coding standard highlight Coding Standard and press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu Choose from the following options To alter the current setting of the description highlight Progress and press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu Choose from the following options CCITT CCITT coding standa...

Страница 92: ... Transit Delay in the SVC Configuration menu and press the RIGHT arrow key to toggle between a tick or a cross When a tick is selected a sub menu is displayed with further options To alter the current setting of Cumulative Delay highlight it and press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu Enter a value in the range 1 to 65535 if the value is outside this range CHECK RANGE is displayed To alter...

Страница 93: ...etween a tick and a cross When a tick is displayed the information element is added to the Call Setup message Link Layer Core Use this option to add a link layer core parameters information element to the Call Setup message Choose Link Layer Core from the SVC Configuration menu to display a sub menu of further options Highlight each option and press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu Enter ...

Страница 94: ...ue in the given range The options are as follows Tx Window size Transmit window value Retrans Timer Retransmissiontimer X 213 Priority Use this option to add an X 213 priority information element to the Call Setup message Highlight X 213 Priority in the SVC Configuration menu and press the RIGHT arrow key to toggle between a tick or a cross When a tick is selected a sub menu is displayed with furt...

Страница 95: ... theSVC Configuration menu and press the RIGHT arrow key to toggle between a tick or a cross When a tick is selected the Calling Party Number menu is displayed The options are as follows NumberPlan Use this option to determine the numbering plan format you wish to use Press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu and choose from the following options ...

Страница 96: ...mber type format you wish to use Press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu and choose from the following formats Presentation Use this option to determine the CPN presentation Press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu and choose from Allowed Restricted and Not Available ...

Страница 97: ...g options for incoming calls Press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu and choose from the following options NumberDigits Use this option to input the value of the CPN Press ENTER or the RIGHT arrow key to display a window which lets you input or edit a CPN of up to 20 characters in length ...

Страница 98: ...ocess until you have defined the CPN Tips To delete a character position the flashing cursor over the character you want to delete using F1 and F6 and press F4 Delete To view the CPN you have defined on its own press F5 View Press F5 again to return to the previous menu Exiting from the CPN window To exit and save your changes press F2 Save Exit To exit without making changes press F3 Exit Setting...

Страница 99: ...you want to use Press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu and choose from the following options IA5 IA5 International Alphabet 5 enables you to enter all the characters displayed Binary Coded Decimal enables you to enter the characters 0 to 9 BCD HEX Hexadecimal enables you to enter the characters 0 to 9 and A to F Encoding Description Sub Address Press the ENTER or the RIGHT arrow key to di...

Страница 100: ...nthe SVC Configuration menu and press the RIGHT arrow key to toggle between a tick or a cross When a tick is selected the Called Party Number menu is displayed 2 Note The options for Called Party Number and sub address are similar to those for Calling Party Number and sub address please refer to Setting up a Calling Party Number in this section for further details Transit Network Use this option t...

Страница 101: ...er Compatibility HighlightLow Layer Compatibility in theSVC Configuration menu and press the RIGHT arrow key to toggle between a tick or a cross When a tick is selected a sub menu is displayed with further options L2 or L3 Protocol Present Use this option to choose whether layer 2 layer 3 or layer 2 and layer 3 octets are added to the Low Layer Compatibility Information Element Highlight L2 Protoc...

Страница 102: ...71 Extended LAPB LAPB Link Access Procedure Balance for half duplex operation T 71 HDLC ARM HDLC NRM HDLC ABM LAN Logical Link X 75 SLP Q 922 Core Annex User Specified DTE to DTE HDLC High Layer Data Link Control ARM ISO IEC 4335 HDLC High Layer Data Link Control NRM ISO IEC 4335 HDLC High Layer Data Link Control ABM ISO IEC 4335 Local Area Network logical link control ISO IEC 8802 2 Recommendatio...

Страница 103: ...twork User Specified Layer Protocol Description Layer 3 Protocols Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to choose the protocol you want to use and press ENTER to make the selection Adding a user defined value to the Information Element Use this option to add a 7 bit value to the information element 2 Note You can only add a value if you have chosen User Specified protocol Highlight L2 User Specified or L...

Страница 104: ...key to toggle between a tick or a cross When a tick is displayed a further sub menu appears the options are as follows Coding Use this option to determine the Standard coding standard you wish to use Press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu and choose from the following options High Layer Id Use this option to choose the type of service you wish to use Press the RIGHT arrow key to display a...

Страница 105: ...ed in the High Layer Compatibility Options table above User to User Information UUI Use this option to include a user to user information element in the Call Setup message Highlight User 2 User info in the SVC Configuration menu and press the RIGHT arrow key to toggle between a tick and a cross When a tick is displayed the User to User Info sub menu appears Choose Number digits to display the foll...

Страница 106: ...w keys on the cursor pad to navigate through the character set Press ENTER to choose the currently highlighted character The character appears in the UUI display area You can also enter digits directly using the keypad Repeat the above process until you have defined the UUI Tips To delete a character position the flashing cursor over the character you want to delete using F1 and F6 and press F4 De...

Страница 107: ...Issue 1a 10 99 5 27 Exiting from the UUI window To exit and save your changes press F2 Save Exit To exit without making changes press F3 Exit 2 Note If you do not enter any characters a warning is displayed and the UUI is set to 12 ...

Страница 108: ...Cs and SVCs Displaying Data as it is Captured After you have selected an interface the Frame Relay application and either Simulate or Monitor mode auroraTempo displays theTraffic window This window shows the data as it is captured on the selected interface Decode Data Interface mode filter information 2 Note You can also view this window by selecting the Traffic option which appears on a number of...

Страница 109: ... received on Frame was transmitted Tx Frame was received Rx Data Link Connection Identifier value indicates FECN was set indicates that BECN was set indicates that DE was set Hexadecimal octets which make up the whole frame F B D Message type LMI Information such as SABME or RR Local Management Interface information For example Keep Alive Status Enquiry Field Description 2 Note You can also displa...

Страница 110: ...auroraTempo User Guide 5 30 423972 ...

Страница 111: ...Issue 1a 10 99 5 31 Frame Relay Testing Section 2 The following diagram illustrates a typical example of summary decode output from the Keep Alive Polling routine ...

Страница 112: ... select an existing filter or set up a new one for data capture Filters are discussed in Using a filter in Section 4 of this chapter please refer to this for further information Capturing to the Serial Port Connect auroraTempo to the device you are sending the data to using the serial ports Make sure that the serial ports on auroraTempo and the device you are sending to are configured correctly Fo...

Страница 113: ...nect auroraTempo to your PC using the serial ports Make sure that the serial ports on auroraTempo and your PC are configured correctly For information on how to set up auroraTempo s serial port see Setting up the Serial Port in Chapter 6 Start auroraExpert for Windows on your PC In auroraExpert for Windows display the Setup menu andchooseProtocol From theProtocol list choose Frame Relayand choose ...

Страница 114: ... pad to navigate through the character set The currently selected character is highlighted in a box Press ENTER to choose the currently highlighted character The character appears in the file name display area You can also enter digits directly using the keypad Repeat the above process until you have defined the file name Tip To delete a character position the flashing cursor over the character yo...

Страница 115: ...e system Choose Log File Sizeto display a sub menu and enter the maximum file size in the given range Starting Stopping Data Capture You can start and stop the capture of data to the screen or to the serial port or file you have specified Use either the function keys shown on the bottom line of the Traffic window or the Logging Options menu to start and stop data capture Stopping data capture Pres...

Страница 116: ...ously paused the display press F3 Start Screen to continue updating the screen Caution Do not power off auroraTempo while recording data or the file may be lost Changing the Decode Mode You can display Frame Relay traffic in either full or summarized decode format Summary decode is the default To change the decode Press F4 Decode Options and select Decode Mode from the menu The decode options are ...

Страница 117: ...the interface using the DLCI Management window To do this Either press the F6 DLCI Management function key on the Traffic window or choose the Management option which appears on several of the menus Navigating through the Display Use the UP and DOWN cursor keys to scroll through the DLCI statistics You can also scroll through the data using the following keys ...

Страница 118: ...mes received Congest A count of the number of frames received which have FECN or BECN bits set Use the Statistics option to see a breakdown of this information please refer to Getting Detailed Statistics on a DLCI in this Section Test Err The number of frames containing test errors for example unknown frames or lost frames Returning to the Traffic window To display the Traffic window press F1 Traf...

Страница 119: ...cluding the number called the number calling sub address details and any call clearing cause codes This window also displays the parameters requested during call setup such as frame size and throughput together with the actual parameters granted by the network during call connection You may find it useful to compare these parameters and examine any differences between them To display the Detailed ...

Страница 120: ...auroraTempo User Guide 5 40 423972 The information displayed is described in the following table ...

Страница 121: ...ctivate deactivate and purge PVCs and connect disconnect and purge SVCs This menu also lets you add and delete fixed DLCI values To access this menu Press the MENU key when theDLCI Management window is displayed 2 Note Some menu options may not be available depending on the Circuit Type you have chosen SVC PVC or both refer to Choosing the Circuit Type in Section 1 for further information Adding D...

Страница 122: ...tion to enter a new DLCI value Press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu and enter a valid DLCI value This number must be within the displayed range or CHECK RANGE is displayed Press ENTER to save and exit The DLCI Management window displays statistics for the new DLCI Note that this option is not available if the Interface Type is set to User to Net Config Choose this option to display the ...

Страница 123: ...ot activate or deactivate a PVC If you choose the options Next DLCI and Enter DCLI an error message is displayed Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to highlight the DLCI you wish to activate in the DLCI Management window this DLCI s status must be Inactive Press the MENU key to display the DLCI Management menu Highlight theEnable PVCoption and pressENTER The DLCI is activated and the status shows Acti...

Страница 124: ... the SVC protocol is not active you cannot connect or disconnect an SVC If you choose Next DLCIorEnter DLCI anerrormessageisdisplayed Press the MENU key to display the DLCI Management menu Choose SVC Connect to display theSVC DLCIsub menu This sub menu has the following options Next DLCI Choose this option to add the next DLCI in the range The DLCI Management window displays statistics for the new...

Страница 125: ...to highlight the SVC you wish to delete on the DLCI Management window Press the MENU key to access the DLCI Management menu Choose the SVC Disconnectoption on the DLCI Management menu The SVC is disconnected and the DLCI Management window displays Release against the DLCI status Adding Deleting Fixed DLCIs Fixed DLCIs let you generate traffic without any signalling beinginvolved Adding a fixed DLC...

Страница 126: ... the DLCIs that are marked as deleted or released for the interface you have highlighted are purged Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to highlight a DLCI on the interface you want to purge in the DLCI Management window Press the MENU key to display the DLCI Management menu Choose the Purge DLCIs option on the DLCI Management menu The DLCIs are purged and the DLCIs are removed from the DLCI Management...

Страница 127: ...nd press F2Statistics Alternatively choose the Statistics option which appears on several of the menus Transmit statistics Receive statistics 2 Note The calculations made for max frame size min frame size total octets bit rate do not include the 2 byte FCS Frame Check Sequence attached to each HDLC frame or any flags that may be present between frames ...

Страница 128: ...set of statistics collection This is the total number of octets either transmitted or received for the chosen DLCI since the start or reset of statistics collection This is the number of bits either transmitted or received per second in other words the throughput of bits within one second This is the number of frames either transmitted or received over the virtual circuit for the chosen DLCI which...

Страница 129: ...face Statistics You can display detailed statistics on the interface you are testing such as the number of frames sent and received or the number of frames with FCS bits set Statistics are updated on the screen once every second 2 Note These statistics are similar to those displayed previously for a DLCI but are for the interface as a whole and not just for a particular DLCI Please refer to Gettin...

Страница 130: ...DLCI Statistics function key to exit back to the previous DLCI Statistics display Saving Downloading Statistics In addition to displaying statistics on screen auroraTempo also lets you save statistics to file or send them to another device using the serial port Press the MENU key to display the Log Statistics menu Saving Statistics to File auroraTempo enables you to save sets of statistics in a fi...

Страница 131: ...e name display area Press F1 to move the cursor to the left press F6 to move the cursor to the right Use the UP DOWN LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys on the cursor pad to navigate through the character set Press ENTER to choose the currently highlighted character The character appears in the file name display area You can also enter digits directly using the keypad Repeat the above process until you have...

Страница 132: ...ng how often statistics are saved to file Now highlight Log to File interval and press the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu of times Choose the appropriate time period for example select 10 Secs to save and update the statistics file every 10 seconds Starting statistics capture Choose Start Log to start capturing the statistics to file auroraTempo saves these statistics in memory using the fi...

Страница 133: ...rvals Alternatively to download statistics via the serial port at intervals highlight Log To Serial and press ENTER or the RIGHT arrow key to toggle this option to display a tick Now highlight Log To Serial Interval and press ENTER or the RIGHT arrow key to display a sub menu of times Choose the appropriate time period for example select 1 Min to download statistics to file every minute Starting t...

Страница 134: ... Statistics Int A Dlci 0 Tx Rx Total Frames 0000010 0000010 Frame Rate 0000000 0000000 Max Frm Size 0000004 0000004 Min Frm Size 0000003 0000003 Total Octets 0000038 0000038 Octet Rate 0000000 0000000 BECN Frames 0000000 0000000 FECN Frames 0000000 0000000 DE Frames 0000000 0000000 Short Frames 0000000 0000000 ...

Страница 135: ...art tests for one or more DLCIs To access Test Mode Choose the F5 Test function key for example when the DLCI Management window is displayed or select the Test option which appears on various menus The Test Results Statuswindow is displayed This window displays the current test configuration and results if any for the currently selected DLCI If there is no test currently configured for the DLCI No...

Страница 136: ... If a test is currently running the counters continue to increment Selecting a Different DLCI The Test Results Status window displays the current DLCI at the top of the screen To change the current selection Press the F3 Next Test and F4 Previous Test function keys to display the next and previous DLCI values The current test configurations and results if any for these DLCIs are displayed Exceedin...

Страница 137: ... performance limit is exceeded Performance exceeded is displayed At the same time if the audio warning is switched on an audio warning sounds For information on audio warnings see Switching Audio Warnings On and Off in Chapter 6 The audio warning only sounds while frames are being dropped The warning is displayed at the top of the screen until you reset the history Press the STATUS key then press ...

Страница 138: ...an be performed on a DLCI Selecting the other interface for the test The Setup Test Config menu displays the current interface To select the other interface for the test Choose Interface to display a sub menu showing the two interfaces Select the other interface On exiting the sub menu the new interface is displayed Selecting a different DLCI for the test The Setup Test Config menu displays the cu...

Страница 139: ... Load Test Use this option to transmit frames over the link Frame Receive Test Use this option to analyze the frames received over the link Frame Loop Test Use this option to loop data for either a particular interface or for a particular DLCI Variable Load Test Choose this option to test the CIR values at both the receive and transmit ends of the interface Ping Test Use this option to generate IP...

Страница 140: ...he Committed Information Rate CIR that is to check whether the DCLI is capable of conveying the required amount of data auroraTempo can also measure the actual CIR that is available by counting the occurrence of frames with DE bits set Available CIR test types When you select CIR Test auroraTempo generates data at the maximum line rate An auroraTempo at the remote end can then receive the data and...

Страница 141: ... Constant period for the test Type the Time Constant period in seconds 1 10 and press ENTER For example if the CIR is to be measured over a 5 second period you would enter 5 Select Start Test from the setup menu to begin the test auroraTempo displays the test results screen CIR test results The readings in the CIR results display are described below The next section How the CIR is measured explain...

Страница 142: ... e not set that have been received in the Time Constant period Max Be The maximum number of frames with the DE bit set that have been received in the Time Constant period Max The maximum number of bits received in a Throughput one second period How the CIR is measured The CIR reading shows the maximum CIR that has been measured over the duration of the test To determine the actual CIR that the DLC...

Страница 143: ...st Config menu to display the Frame Load Test Config menu Specifying the DLCI transmission rate To specify the number of frames to be transmitted per second Highlight Rate and press the RIGHT arrow key to display the Rate sub menu Enter the number of frames per second This rate must be between 1 and 10 000 Press ENTER to save and exit the Rate sub menu The frame rate entered is now displayed in th...

Страница 144: ... number of frames which are to be generated during the test Highlight Countin the Frame Load Test Config menu Press the RIGHT arrow key to display the Count sub menu Use the number keys to input the frame count This value must be within the given range or CHECK RANGE is displayed The default frame count is zero this results in continuous transmission of frames until Stop Test is selected Press ENT...

Страница 145: ...ad test auroraTempo allows you to define all parts of the frame header You can simulate Congestion on the link you are testing by setting the FECN Forwards Explicit Congestion Notification BECN Backwards Explicit Congestion Notification and DE Discard Eligibility Illegal frames by setting the other bits to simulate frameerrors To create a user defined header Highlight User Defined Header in the Fr...

Страница 146: ... DLCI using the number keys or the UP and DOWN arrow keys to increase or decrease the value DLCi Data Link Connection Field description C R Command Response Bit EA0 EA1 Address Extension Bit FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notification BECN Backward Congestion Notification DE Discard Eligibility Indicator Address Field shaded area DLCI unshaded area items above 2 Notes If you enter a DLCI outside...

Страница 147: ...tion of frames used in the frame load test that use the user defined header You can also choose how the frames are distributed in the frame load To set the proportion of user defined headers included Highlight of UDH and press theRIGHTarrow key to display the of UDH sub menu Enter the proportion of frames in the load using the user defined header This must be between 0 and 100 Press ENTER to save ...

Страница 148: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 1 Second 1 Second Example 20 frames per second 20 user defined headers Tc 2 seconds BURST N frames with default headers U To set the way the user defined headers are distributed in HighlightMix Pattern and press the RIGHT arrow key to displayasub menu Choose how you want to send the frames with user defined headers Burst sends the frames with user defined headers in a block a...

Страница 149: ...rt Test from the Frame Load Test Config menu The test begins and the test results are displayed in the Test Results Status window This display is as follows FrmsTx This is the number of frames transmitted during the test Rx This is the number of frames received during the test Unknown This is the number of unrecognised frames received during the test Lost This is the number of frames lost during t...

Страница 150: ...be performed when the remote end is looped back such that test packets sent by auroraTempo are returned back to it If the frame load as set by the frame rate and frame length exceeds maximum line rate of the interface you are testing a warningisdisplayed For the test to continue you must reduce either the frame size or frame rate To reduce the frame rate and maintain the frame length press F1 Redu...

Страница 151: ...he Glossary for the exact contents of this pattern Specifying the Received Frame Length To specify the length which received frames should be HighlightFrame Length in theFrame Receive Test Config menu Press the RIGHT arrow key to display theFrame Length sub menu Enter the frame length This value must be within the given range or CHECK RANGE is displayed The default frame length is 64 Press ENTER t...

Страница 152: ...ay information in the test results HighlightTimestamp in the Frame Receive Test Config menu Press either ENTER or the RIGHT arrow key to toggle between a tick and a cross When a tick is selected transit delay timestamps are displayed in the test results and the Setup Test Config window displays Yes in the Timestamp field Starting the test ChooseStart Test from the Frame Receive Test Config menu Th...

Страница 153: ...g a Frame Loop Test This test lets you loop data from the current DLCI to another DLCI The destination DLCI may be on the other interface Choose Frame Loop Test in theSetup Test Config menu to display the Frame Loop Test Config menu Specifying the Looped DLCI To specify the value of the DLCI to which the traffic will be looped Highlight Dest DLCI in the Frame Loop Test Config menu and press the RI...

Страница 154: ... using the Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP to obtain a reply from the destination and to check the network s ability to deliver a message The destination device if present responds with an acknowledgment Choose PING Test in the Setup Test Config menu to display thePING Test Configmenu Specifying the transmission rate To specify the number of IP frames to be transmitted HighlightFrame Rate a...

Страница 155: ...xit the sub menu The frame count entered is displayed in theSetup Test Config window Specifying the type of ping test To specify the type of ping test HighlightPing type and press the RIGHT arrow key to display the Ping type sub menu Choose the type of test you want to perform Auto Detect alternates between a RFC1490 and a non RFC1490 ping until a response is received to one of the ping types The ...

Страница 156: ...empo s IP addr ccc Tempo s IP addr ddd HighlightTempo s IP addr aaa and press the RIGHT arrow key to display the Tempo s IP addr aaa sub menu Enter the first part of the decimal value This must be within the given range or CHECK RANGE is displayed Press ENTER to save and exit the sub menu The Setup Test Config window displays the first part of the source IP address Now repeat the above steps for T...

Страница 157: ...aa sub menu Enter the first part of the decimal value This must be within the given range or CHECK RANGE is displayed Press ENTER to save and exit the sub menu The Setup Test Config window displays the first part of the destination IP address Now repeat the above steps for dest bbb dest ccc and dest ddd to input the rest of the destination IPaddress Starting the test Choose Start Test from thePING...

Страница 158: ...nknownFrms This is the number of non ping frames received If the frame load as set by the frame rate the frame length is fixed exceeds maximum line rate of the interface you are testing a warning is displayed To reduce the frame rate and continue with test press F1 Reduce Frm Rate To continue with the test without reducing the frame rate press F6 Continue ...

Страница 159: ...ou input each individual part of the decimal The following diagram shows how each part of this value is made up 123 123 123 123 Tempo s IP addr aaa Tempo s IP addr bbb Tempo s IP addr ccc Tempo s IP addr ddd HighlightTempo s IP addr aaa and press the RIGHT arrow key to display theTempo s aaa sub menu Enter the first part of the decimal value This must be within the given range or CHECK RANGE is di...

Страница 160: ...ply frames transmitted during the test UnknownFrms This is the number of non ping frames received during the test Performing a Variable Load Test This test allows you to apply an increasing load to a line You can specify the starting load the maximum load the size of the steps used and the rate that the load is increased at You can set up the test to load the line so that it exceeds equals or fall...

Страница 161: ... menu Enter the transmit CIR value this value must be within the given range or CHECK RANGE is displayed Press ENTER to save and exit the sub menu The Setup Test Config window displays the Transmit CIR value Specifying the Transmit Bc To specify the transmit Committed Burst Size Bc Highlight Tx Bc in the Variable Load Test Config menu and press the RIGHT arrow key to display the Tx Bc sub menu Ent...

Страница 162: ...Highlight Tx Tc in the Variable Load Test Config menu and press the RIGHT arrow key to display the Tx Tc sub menu Enter the transmit Tc value this value must be within the given range or CHECK RANGE is displayed Press ENTER to save and exit the sub menu The Setup Test Config window displays the Transmit Tcvalue Specifying the Receive CIR To specify the value of the receive Committed Information Ra...

Страница 163: ... Burst Size Be HighlightRx Be in the Variable Load Test Config menu and press the RIGHT arrow key to display the Rx Be sub menu Enter the receive Be value this value must be within thegivenrangeor CHECK RANGE isdisplayed Press ENTER to save and exit the sub menu The Setup Test Config window displays the Receive Be value Specifying the Receive Tc To specify the value of the receive Committed Rate I...

Страница 164: ...e Specify the rate at which to stop testing this is expressed as a bits per time interval b tc and can be equal to or above your CIR Highlight Tx End Rate in theVariable Load Test Config menu and press the RIGHT arrow key to display the Tx End Rate sub menu Enter the transmit start rate this value must be within the given range or CHECK RANGE is displayed Press ENTER to save and exit the sub menu ...

Страница 165: ...erval between the start and end transmit rates Highlight Tx Int Time in theVariable Load Test Config menu and press the RIGHT arrow key to display the Tx Int Time sub menu Enter the transmit interval time this value must be within the given range or CHECK RANGE is displayed Press ENTER to save and exit the sub menu Starting the test Choose Start Test from theVariable Load Test Config menu The test...

Страница 166: ...he number of bits above the Excess Burst Size Rate bps This is the actual number of bits transmitted per second by this test RX Bits The total number of bits received Bc Bits This is the number of bits received within the Committed Burst Size Be Bits This is the number of bits received above the Committed Burst Size and below the Excess Burst Size Discard This is the number of bits above the Exces...

Страница 167: ... the Committed Burst Size the Excess Burst Size and the Committed Information Rate To setup the Receive Throughput test Choose Receive Throughput Test from the Setup Test Configmenu The Receive Throughput Test Config menu is displayed 2 Note The parameters you have to set up are similar to those for the Variable Load Test please refer to this test for further information Starting the test ChooseSt...

Страница 168: ...umber of bits transmitted Bc Bits This is the number of bits transmitted above the Committed Burst Size Be Bits This is the number of bits transmitted above the Excess Burst Size Discard When the number of frames being transmitted or received is higher than the figures you specified for the Be and Bc when you set up the test these fields show the number of additional frames ...

Страница 169: ...es being transmitted or received is higher than the figures you specified for the Be and Bc when you set up the test these fields show the number of additional frames Rate bps These fields indicate the current transmit receive bit rates for traffic on the DLCI Stopping a Test When a test is in progress you can stop it at any time To do this Press the F1 Stop Test function key to stop the test The ...

Страница 170: ... Results menu When you start a test auroraTempo allocates half the available memory for test results If there is memory left when the test ends it is made available again If the test results exceed the memory available auroraTempo overwrites the results oldest data first 2 Note You save and download test results in exactly the same way as you save and download statistics Please refer to Saving Dow...

Страница 171: ...ormat and also how to apply a data filter To access auroraTempo s decode and filter options SelectDecode Options from the appropriateInterface menu this menu is displayed when you press the MENU key from theTraffic window Alternatively choose F4 Decode Options from the Traffic window Displaying Full or Summary Decode Data auroraTempo can display Frame Relay data in either a full or summarized deco...

Страница 172: ...u isolate the data you are interested in from the display or from the captured file You can apply two types of filter a Logger filter and a Decode filter If you apply a Logger filter and a message does not fit the conditions of the filter it is discarded and not displayed or saved in the log file If a Decode filter has been applied the messages are then passed through this filter Only messages tha...

Страница 173: ... applied created and edited in the same way Applying an Existing Filter Choose Apply from the Filter operation menu to display a sub menu listing the filters Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to highlight the filter you wish to apply Press ENTER to save the selection and exit the sub menu 2 Note Choose No Fltr the default to remove filter parameters and apply factory default settings ...

Страница 174: ...ress F6 to move the cursor to the right Use the UP DOWN LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys on the cursor pad to navigate through the character set The currently selected character is highlighted in a box Press ENTER to choose the currently highlighted character The character appears in the file name display area You can also enter digits directly using the keypad Repeat the above process until you have def...

Страница 175: ...hich you can choose to filter on and include or in some cases exclude Each option has a tick or a cross associated with it A tick indicates the option is to be filtered on and included a cross indicates it is to be excluded Press ENTER or the RIGHT arrow key to toggle between a tick or a cross The filter options are as described below FECN Include or exclude frames whose FECN bits are set BECN Inc...

Страница 176: ... the Range fromnumber you want to specify The Range from sub menu is displayed Use the number keys to enter the minimum value this number must be within the given rangeor CHECKRANGE is displayed and press ENTER Choose the to number you want to specify The to sub menu is displayed Use the number keys to enter the maximum value this number must be within the given range or CHECK RANGE isdisplayed an...

Страница 177: ...in the givenrangeor CHECKRANGE is displayed HexData Include or exclude hexadecimal data This option only applies to the display of traffic files it does not affect the way in which they are stored Press the LEFT arrow key to save your selections and return to the Filter operation menu Editing a Filter Choose Edit from theFilter operation menu to edit an existing filter This option is only availabl...

Страница 178: ...auroraTempo User Guide 5 98 423972 ...

Страница 179: ...g Configuration 6 2 Configuring an Interface 6 3 Displaying System Parameters 6 11 Changing the System Setup 6 11 Displaying Frame Relay Settings 6 15 Saving a Configuration File 6 16 Applying a Configuration File 6 17 Applying Configuration Defaults 6 17 Downloading New Software 6 22 ...

Страница 180: ... these at a later stage Also discussed is how to apply auroraTempo s factory default settings Accessing Configuration You can access the Configuration function in one of two ways Choose Setup Config from the Main Menu or Press the CNFG key auroraTempo displays the Configure Physical Interface window which shows the current setup of the interfaces The following example shows a typical window 2 Note...

Страница 181: ...o close the warning box Choose the interface you wish to configure either Interface A or Interface B The following interface configuration menu is displayed Choosing the Emulation Type You can set up auroraTempo to emulate different types of equipment on a Frame Relay network Choose Emulation to display a sub menu of emulation types these are as follows DDS DDS DTE Data Terminal Equipment DDS DDS ...

Страница 182: ...es These are as follows Line The clock is taken from the line under test Line is the clock source normally used when auroraTempo is emulating a DTE or CSU DSU External The clock is taken from the external clock source External can be used when emulating a DCE for network sychronization Internal The clock is taken from auroraTempo s own internal clock Internal is the clock source normally used when...

Страница 183: ...pecifying Hardware Handshake You can set auroraTempo to look for CTS Clear to Send signals on the line in DTE mode before it proceeds to send data Highlight Handshake and press ENTER or the RIGHT arrow key to toggle between a tick and a cross When a tick is displayed auroraTempo looks for CTS signals before proceeding Choosing the Framing Type auroraTempo supports a range of framing types to selec...

Страница 184: ...f line code types these are as follows AMI Alternate Mark Inversion B8ZS Bipolar 8 zero suppression Autodetect auroraTempo automatically detects the line code Highlight a line code type and press ENTER to save your selection and exit the sub menu Selecting the Line Build Out You can optimize the length of the line under test To do this Choose Build out to display a sub menu of lengths in decibels ...

Страница 185: ...uroraTempo is emulating an OCU you can switch the sealing current on or off To do this ChooseSealing Current to display a sub menu HighlightNormal orNone and pressENTERto save your selection and exit the sub menu Selecting Line Termination At present only100 ohmsis available To place a resistance across the line Choose Termination to display a sub menu of resistances Highlight a resistance and pre...

Страница 186: ...ave set the Framing type to Unframed To change to CAS operation Highlight CAS in the interface menu and pressENTER or the RIGHT arrow key to toggle between tick and cross When a tick is displayed CAS is switched on Press the LEFT arrow key to exit and save the changes The Configure Physical Interface window is updated for the changes that you have made Choosing a Timeslot auroraTempo lets you choo...

Страница 187: ...displayed in timeslot 16 on the slot map This means that you cannot assign timeslot 16 Assigning a timeslot To assign a timeslot press ENTER or F1 Assign Timeslot the highlighted timeslot is assigned to the interface and is displayed in the box OR To assign all the timeslots press F2 Assign All Timeslots Deselecting a timeslot To deselect a timeslot pressENTER or F1 Clear Timeslot the highlighted ...

Страница 188: ...elect 7 bits auroraTempo uses 56 kbits sec timeslots and if you choose 8 bits auroraTempo uses 64 kbits sec timeslots Highlight the appropriate number of bits and press ENTER to save your selection and exit from the sub menu Displaying System Parameters To view the system setup parameters Press the View System function key The following window is displayed ...

Страница 189: ...rate You can choose the rate at which data is transmitted over the serial port Choose Baud Rate to display a sub menu of baud rate values Use the arrow keys to highlight the appropriate baud rate and pressENTER to save your selection and exit the sub menu Setting the number of bits You can specify the character length of the serial port data to suit the device you are connected to Choose Data Bits...

Страница 190: ...ta Even An even parity bit is included in the transmitted data Including stop bits You can choose to transmit either 1 or 2 stop bits ChooseStop Bits to display a sub menu Choose from 1 bitor 2 bits and press ENTER to save your selection and exit the sub menu Specifying flow control You can switch the flow control protocol on or off ChooseFlow Control to display a sub menu of flow control options ...

Страница 191: ... Min auroraTempo powers off after 20 minutes of inactivity Disabled auroraTempo operates continuously with no automatic power off Setting the Date and Time You can change the date and time held by auroraTempo s system clock Choose Date Time from the System Config menu to display a sub menu showing the current time and date settings Changing the time Highlight Hour and press ENTER to display a sub ...

Страница 192: ... auroraTempo for Remote Control For information on how to set up auroraTempo see the Remote Control User Guide Annex Applying Factory Defaults You can apply auroraTempo s pre configured default settings Note that this option is only available when you have not assigned any interfaces to auroraTempo Caution All your files traffic statistics results etc are deleted from auroraTempo s memory when you...

Страница 193: ...o shows the current DLCI address length circuit type SVC and PVC settings Please refer to Setting up the Link in Chapter 5 for further information Saving a Configuration File You can save your Interface or System Configuration settings in files stored in auroraTempo s memory These configuration files can then be quickly retrieved and applied at a later stage Choose the Save Config function key A w...

Страница 194: ...on file name Tips To delete a character position the flashing cursor over the character you want to delete using F1 and F6 and press F4 Delete Exiting from the configuration name window To exit and save your changes press F2 Save Exit The configuration file is saved in auroraTempo s memory If the file name already exists the maximum number of files have been allocated or insufficient file space re...

Страница 195: ...ly auroraTempo s default settings without deleting any files from auroraTempo s memory Choose the Load Configfunction key ChooseDefaults The following tables show the default settings which are applied to auroraTempo Emulation CSU DSU Clock Source Line Speed 56kbs 1 DDS Interface Defaults ...

Страница 196: ...auroraTempo User Guide 6 18 423972 Emulation DTE Clock Source Line Speed 64kbs Handshake Yes 1 V X Interface Defaults ...

Страница 197: ...Issue 1a 10 99 6 19 Configuring auroraTempo ...

Страница 198: ...auroraTempo User Guide 6 20 423972 ...

Страница 199: ...mit Tc 2 seconds Receive CIR 9600 bps Receive Bc 19200 b tc Receive Be 38400 b tc Receive Tc 2 seconds Transmit Start Rate 9600 b tc Transmit End Rate 64000 b tc Transmit Interval 1024 b tc Transmit Interval Timeperiod 60 seconds Variable Load Receive Throughput Test Defaults Tc 1 second CIR CIR Receive Test Defaults ...

Страница 200: ...re from Connect the PC to auroraTempo using the serial cable supplied The position of the Serial Port on auroraTempo is shown below Serial Port Installing the New Software Before you can install the new software you must decompress the file on your PC Decompressing the file On your PC using File Manager or Windows Explorer create a directory c tempo where c is the letter of your hard drive Copy th...

Страница 201: ...ayed Press the ENTER key The message Connecting to host is displayed Open a DOS box on the PC using the Start Programs menu At the DOS prompt type cd tempo then press ENTER Type download X where X is the number of the COM port that auroraTempo is connected to Downloading starts and progress indicators are displayed on auroraTempo and the PC Finishing the download When data has finished downloading...

Страница 202: ...auroraTempo User Guide 6 24 423972 ...

Страница 203: ...ger Working with the File Manager Contents Accessing the File Manager 7 2 Displaying File Statistics 7 3 Managing Stored Files 7 4 Displaying Stored Files 7 7 Working with Stored Traffic Files 7 8 Printing a Stored File 7 11 Printing a Window 7 12 ...

Страница 204: ...using the File Manager Frame Relay traffic test results and statistics files Bert results from physical testing Line rate results Configuration files Filters Triggers You can store up to a maximum of 100 files in auroraTempo s memory Accessing the File Manager You can access the File Manager in one of two ways Choose File Manager from the Main Menu or Press the SHIFT and FILE keys simultaneously T...

Страница 205: ...e describes the statistics To display statistics on a particular file stored in auroraTempo s memory Choose the appropriate file type from theFile Type menu The File List sub menu is displayed listing all files of this type currently stored in auroraTempo s memory Statistics are also displayed for the files of this type Highlight the file you want statistics on The following statistics are display...

Страница 206: ...naging Stored Files In addition to displaying stored files you can also rename and delete them Renaming Files Highlight the file you wish to rename in the File List menu Press the F3 Rename function key to display a file name entry window ...

Страница 207: ... until you have entered the file name Tips To delete a character position the flashing cursor over the character you want to delete in the file name display using F1 and F6 and press F4 Delete Exiting from the file name entry window To exit and save your changes press F2 Save Exit The file is renamed To exit without making changes press F3 Exit Deleting Files You can delete files stored in auroraT...

Страница 208: ...ou are controlling auroraTempo with Remote Control To analyse data from auroraTempo you must have Expert for Windows version 1 30 or later installed on your PC and version 2 8 or later software installed on auroraTempo Connect auroraTempo to your PC using the serial ports Make sure that the serial ports on auroraTempo and your PC are configured correctly For information on how to set up auroraTemp...

Страница 209: ...F6 View function key The file is displayed A File View window is displayed the type of window depends on what type of file you are displaying For example if you are displaying Test Results the File View window resembles the test results window if you are displaying Frame Relay traffic the File View window looks similar to the Traffic window If you are displaying sets of Test Results Statistics or ...

Страница 210: ... is shown at the top of the window Working with Stored Traffic Files Stored Frame Relay traffic files are displayed in a window similar to the Traffic window please refer to Understanding the Traffic display in Chapter 5 for a detailed explanation of this window Displaying Data in Full or Summary Decode Format You can display stored traffic files in either summary decode format which is the defaul...

Страница 211: ...using the following keys Using File Markers auroraTempo lets you apply markers to frames so that you can quickly display them at a later stage Up to ten markers may be set 2 Note Your markers are deleted when you exit from theFile View window Setting a Marker To mark a frame highlight a line of the frame s decode and press the F3 Markers function key The following markers window is displayed ...

Страница 212: ...ion key from the File View window to display the markers window Key in the number of the marker which contains the frame you wish to display Using our previous example to display frame 4 key in 1 which is the marker containing frame 4 Press the F4 Goto Marker function key The marked frame is displayed Clearing a marker To delete a frame number from a marker so the marker can be reused In the File ...

Страница 213: ...or further information Printing a Stored File You can send a stored file to print from the File View window Connect an RS232 cable to auroraTempo s serial port the other end should be connected to a PC or printer Press the F5 Print File function key The file currently displayed in the active File View window is sent to the RS232 port for printing Printing a Window You can print the active File Vie...

Страница 214: ...auroraTempo User Guide 7 12 423972 ...

Страница 215: ...me Relay Contents What is Frame Relay 8 2 Frame Relay Standards 8 4 A Typical Frame Relay Network 8 7 Frames 8 8 Virtual Circuits 8 11 Frame Relay Protocol 8 15 Congestion Control 8 16 Committed Information Rate Rate Burst Size 8 17 LMI Local Management Interface 8 19 ...

Страница 216: ...itable for use outside the ISDN and as a result it was developed for use in a stand alone environment Despite its relatively recent emergence Frame Relay has gained widespread support as an alternative to private and public packet switched wide area networks such as X 25 This is mainly due to its ability to transport high speed bursty traffic both efficiently and cost effectively The term bursty i...

Страница 217: ...ror detection and correction associated with X 25 If errors do occur Frame Relay relies on the intelligent end user systems running higher level protocols to detect the fact that an error has occurred and to request frame retransmission By removing this processing overhead Frame Relay can achieve approximately 10 times the packet throughput of X 25 networks Thus Frame Relay can be thought of as a ...

Страница 218: ...erly the CCITT and ANSI The ITU T is composed of members from international telecommunications carriers and vendors ANSI is the US standards body which has many committees one of which is responsible for telecommunications standards However these standards were taking time to be written and ratified so their development was spurred on by a group known as the Frame Relay Forum The Forum was formed ...

Страница 219: ...ope for incompatible equipment the Frame Relay Forum published its own implementation agreement e g FRF 1 It is this rather than the international standards that has been the main design document for many manufacturers of Frame Relay equipment The key Frame Relay standards are shown in the following tables ...

Страница 220: ... Relay VoFR Implementation Agreement FRF 7 FRF 8 Frame Relay PVC Multicast Service and Protocol Description Implementation Agreement Frame Relay ATM PVC Service Interworking Implementation Agreement Frame Relay Forum Implementation Agreements The standards may be summarized as follows Physical Interface The international standards are specified in the context of ISDN services so the physical inter...

Страница 221: ...I protocol Refer to the section on LMI later in this Chapter for further details A Typical Frame Relay Network The following diagram shows a typical Frame Relay network Equipment the Frame Relay Network Data Terminal Equipment DTEs These are the end user devices which use Frame Relay network services These may be PCs intelligent terminals or host mainframes Frame Relay Access Device FRAD This equi...

Страница 222: ...ce UNI Specifies the connection between user DTE and a network Network to Network Interface NNI Specifies the connection between two networks The interfaces are shown in the following diagram Frames The frame in Frame Relay is the unit in which information is held and transported across the network Frame Relay uses a simple frame structure called the LAPD Link Access Protocol for the D channel Thi...

Страница 223: ...wing diagram shows a typical Frame Relay frame The flag indicates the beginning and end of a frame The FCS Frame Check Sequence is used to ensure frame integrity The information field contains the user data which is to be passed between devices over the Frame Relay network This field is of variable length in theory it can be up to 8192 bytes in length in practice the maximum is vendor specific The...

Страница 224: ...e frame to the appropriate destination The DLCI is a 10 bit number its position is split within the header These 10 bits permit over a thousand virtual circuit addresses over every interface As the frame travels through the network the DLCI may change reflecting the route taken C R Command Response Bit Optional This bit is not used by the Frame Relay protocol ...

Страница 225: ... over a thousand virtual circuit addresses on an interface are required the address extension bit allows for more about 268 million DL CORE Control Indicator D C This bit is set to 0 to indicate that the octet contains DLCI information it is set to 1 to indicate that the octet contains DL CORE control information At present only DLCI information is held and the indicator has only been included to ...

Страница 226: ... circuit A DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier is used to identify the PVC at each end and to denote which PVC owns which frame of information SVC A Switched Virtual Circuit SVC is a temporary virtual circuit which can be set up and cleared down on a call by call basis This type of circuit enables Frame Relay to be used for purposes other than LAN interconnection however there is a greater networ...

Страница 227: ...rence field is as follows Establishing an SVC The flow of messages necessary to set up a Frame Relay SVC is termed Call Establishment Three types of messages are used in Call Establishment CALL PROCEEDING CONNECT and SETUP The following diagram shows the flow of these messages ...

Страница 228: ...d by either party regardless of who originated the call Three types of messages are used in Call Clearing DISCONNECT RELEASE and RELEASE COMPLETE The following diagram shows the flow of these messages 2 Note The DISCONNECT message contains a cause information element which describes the reason for the Call Clearing The following diagram shows several virtual circuits ...

Страница 229: ...sponsibility of ensuring frames are received in sequence and in the recovery of lost or discarded frames resides with the end user devices Frames may be invalid for the following reasons the DLCI is invalid or is not supported the frame has become corrupted and consequently there is an error in the FCS the frame does not contain flags to indicate the start and end positions the frame exceeds the m...

Страница 230: ... mechanism to notify the end devices that congestion exists within the network The network notifies the destination device of congestion by setting the FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notification bits in frames bound for this destination The network notifies the source device of congestion by setting the BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification bits in frames bound for the source device Th...

Страница 231: ...e Frame Relay network service providers offer a number of service parameters These are Committed Information Rate CIR The CIR is the minimum rate of service which can be expected from a virtual circuit under normal conditions Transmissions in excess of the CIR may be discarded if there is congestion in the network However it is also possible to get a better rate than the CIR when there is availabl...

Страница 232: ...f data cannot be released into the network over a short period of time 2 Note For SVCs these parameters are negotiated at the time of Call Establishment The following diagram shows the relationship between the CIR Bc and Be Time Data Tc Bc Be Bc Access Rate CIR Rate Frame 1 Within Bc Frame 2 Within Bc Frame 3 Within Bc Be Discard Eligible Frame 4 Exceeds Limit Discarded ...

Страница 233: ...nitor the status of the link and provide information on the PVCs and the Frame Relay interface These frames which have a unique DLCI address of zero ANSI and CCITT or 1023 FRF are passed between the network and the access device The LMI protocol conforms to all the standard Frame Relay rules concerning frame structure and protocol but with LMI there are extensions to the frame structure The follow...

Страница 234: ...reference This field is only used for SVCs when not used for SVCs it contains the value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Message type This describes the type of management message in the LMI frame There are three main types of LMI message call establishment messages call clearing messages miscellaneous messages Information elements There will be at least one information element in an LMI message The information el...

Страница 235: ...TUS message which gives the user information about the integrity of the link After a defined number of STATUS ENQUIRY messages a full status response is requested by the user The network then provides information for every PVC configured on the link This informs the user of the addition or deletion of any PVCs on the link and the status of the existing PVCs ...

Страница 236: ...auroraTempo User Guide 8 22 423972 ...

Страница 237: ...ue 1a 10 99 A1 1 Appendix 1 Technical Data Appendix 1 Technical Data Contents auroraTempo Specifications A1 2 Interface Specifications A1 4 Cable Pinouts A1 5 Approvals A1 14 Calibration A1 14 Safety A1 15 ...

Страница 238: ...erconnect over Frame Relay IP ICMP SNAP Ethertype IPX Interfaces Accommodates any two of the following interface modules Full Duplex T1 interface module Full Duplex V series interface module V 35 RS 232 RS 449 EIA 530 X 21 Full Duplex 4 Wire Local Loop DDS interface module Full Duplex E1 interface module Display Backlit graphic monochrome Liquid Crystal Display LCD with contrast control Resolution...

Страница 239: ... With 2 interfaces 2 7kg including batteries Temperature Range 5 C to 50 C operating 25 C to 60 C storage Durability Conforms to IEC 68 2 27 29 31 32 36 Power supply 6 x 1 5V standard D cells 7 2V Ni Cd rechargeable pack 12V DC from mains power supply adaptor Memory buffer capacity Mass storage 512KB upgradeable to 2MB Flash Capacity 4MB upgradeable to 16MB ...

Страница 240: ...ctors 1 RJ48C connector internally configured for simulation or dual monitoring V series Interface module V 35 RS 232 RS 449 EIA 530 X 21 Connectors 37 way D type connector with personality cables E1 Interface module For the RJ48C connector switching between DTE DCE and Monitor modes is performed automatically when the Emulation setting on the Setup Configmenu is changed For the BNC connectors it ...

Страница 241: ... we use the term RJ48C connector these connectors are equivalent to RJ45 connectors Cable Pinouts The following pages contain information on the pinouts for the cable connectors for each interface and the serial port V 35 Interface 25 Way D Type Connector Male Part number 423356 ...

Страница 242: ...auroraTempo User Guide A1 6 423972 34 Way MRAC Winchester Connector Male Part number 423355 ...

Страница 243: ...Issue 1a 10 99 A1 7 Appendix 1 Technical Data RS449 Interface 37 Way D Type Connector Male Part number 423354 ...

Страница 244: ...auroraTempo User Guide A1 8 423972 X21 Interface 15 Way D Type Connector Male Part number 423353 ...

Страница 245: ...Issue 1a 10 99 A1 9 Appendix 1 Technical Data V24 RS232 Interface 25 Way D Type Connector Male Part number 423352 ...

Страница 246: ...auroraTempo User Guide A1 10 423972 EIA530 Interface 25 Way D Type Connector Male Part number 423360 ...

Страница 247: ...A1 11 Appendix 1 Technical Data T1 Interface RJ48C Female 5 2 Transmit Data 4 1 Transmit Data 2 5 Receive Data 1 4 Receive Data T1 RJ48C DTE DCE Function Part number 423358 T1Interface Bantam Part number 2 off 423350 ...

Страница 248: ...auroraTempo User Guide A1 12 423972 E1 Interface RJ48C Female 5 2 Transmit Data 4 1 Transmit Data 2 5 Receive Data 1 4 Receive Data E1 RJ48C DTE DCE Function Part number 423358 BNC Part number 423361 ...

Страница 249: ...Customer Network to Customer Tip 1 Ring 1 DDS RJ48S Contact Direction Pin Part number 423358 Serial port 9 Way D Type Connector Male 1 Not Connected 2 Receive Data 3 Transmit Data 4 Data Terminal Ready 5 Signal Ground 6 Data Set Ready 7 Request to Send 8 Clear To Send 9 Not Connected Serial Port 9 Way D Type Pin Description Part number 423350 ...

Страница 250: ...19 2 7 auroraTempo complies with communications standards E1 interface CTR13 January 1996 and PD7024 1994 T1 interface GR 342 CORE Section 4 auroraTempo complies with EMC standards EN55022 Class A EN50082 1 Calibration auroraTempo was designed not to require any periodic calibration You may want to carry out periodic performance verification to conform to ISO9000 procedures for example However we ...

Страница 251: ...d injury to persons including the following Do not open the back of the unit while it is powered up Use only the batteries indicated in this manual Do not dispose of batteries in a fire They may explode Check with local codes for possible special disposal instructions Avoid using the product during an electrical storm There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning ...

Страница 252: ...auroraTempo User Guide A1 16 423972 ...

Страница 253: ...Issue 1a 10 99 A2 1 Appendix 2 Call Clear Cause Codes Appendix 2 Call Clear Cause Codes Contents Call Clear Cause Codes A2 2 ...

Страница 254: ...recognized transit network 3 No route to destination The called user cannot be reached because the network does not serve the destination 6 Channel unacceptable The identified channel is not acceptable to the sender of this call value 7 Call awarded and being delivered in an established channel The incoming call is connected to a channel already established for similar calls This cause is used whe...

Страница 255: ...ompatible 27 Destination out of order The destination cannot be reached and signalling messages are not being delivered 28 Invalid number format address incomplete The called party number is invalid or incomplete 29 Facility rejected The network cannot provide the supplementary service requested 30 Response to STATUS ENQUIRY This indicates that the reason for generating the STATUSmessage was the p...

Страница 256: ...al is likely to be successful 42 Switchingequipmentcongestion The switching equipment generating this cause is experiencing a period of high traffic 43 Access information discarded The network could not deliver access information to the remote user as requested subaddress low layer compatibility etc as indicated in the diagnostic The particular type of access information discarded may be included ...

Страница 257: ...bility which is implemented by the equipment generating the cause but it is not available at this time 63 Service or option not available unspecified Indicates a service or option not available event only when no other cause in the service or option not availableclassapplies 65 Bearer capability not implemented The equipment sending this cause does not support the requested bearer capability 66 Ch...

Страница 258: ... interface for a call 87 User not member of CUG Either the calling or called user is not a member of the CUG Closed User Group specified for this call 88 Incompatible destination The equipment sending this cause has received a request to establish a call which has low layer compatibility high layer compatibility or other compatibility attributes e g data rate which cannot be handled 90 Nonexistent...

Страница 259: ...type nonexistent or not implemented The equipment sending this cause has received a message not expected in the call state or a STATUS message was received indicating an incompatible call state 99 Information element parameter nonexistent or not implemented The equipment sending this cause has received a message which includes information elements not defined or implemented The information element...

Страница 260: ...r has expired and that an associated error handling procedure has been initiated 111 Protocol error unspecified This reports a protocol error event only when no cause in the protocol error classapplies 127 Interworking unspecified This indicates that there has been interworking with a network which does not provide cause codes for its actions Therefore the precise cause for a message being sent is...

Страница 261: ...Issue 1a 10 99 A3 1 Appendix 3 Menutrees Appendix 3 Menutrees Contents Main Menu Menutree A3 2 Frame Relay Menutree A3 3 Physical Testing Menutree A3 4 Setup Config Menutree A3 5 ...

Страница 262: ...auroraTempo User Guide A3 2 423972 Appendix 3 Menutrees Main Menu Menutree ...

Страница 263: ...Link Config Halt Screen LMI Protocol Enable PVC Log to Serial Interval Log File Size Stop Record Delete SVC Protocol SVC Upper DLCI SVC Upper DLCI SVC Lower DLCI SVC Lower DLCI SVC Config Interface A B Interface A B Decode Options Link Configuration DLCI Management Log Statistics Test Results Logging Options Filter Operation Delete Fixed Purge DCLIs Traffic Statistics Test MENU MENU F5 MENU MENU M...

Страница 264: ...te Apply Payload Loop Log To File Interval BERT Config Start Log Remote Loop Remote Loop Log To Serial Interval Interface A B Physical Status BERT Menu Local Loop Log BERT Results Start BERT Inject Inject Single BERT Reset Results MENU MENU MENU Inject Single Line Rate Reset History Print Status Local Loop Reset Stats More Info Remote Loop MENU Press the key to display this menu MENU From the Main...

Страница 265: ...Issue 1a 10 99 A3 5 Appendix 3 Menutrees Setup Config Menutree ...

Страница 266: ...auroraTempo User Guide A3 6 423972 ...

Страница 267: ...Issue 1a 10 99 A4 1 Appendix 4 Glossary Appendix 4 Contents Glossary A4 2 ...

Страница 268: ... The greater the bandwidth the greater the information carrying capacity of the channel Basic Rate Type of ISDN circuit typically used for subscriber circuits It consists of two B channels and one D channel 144 Kbps of bidirectional user communications Baud Rate The number of line signal transitions per second in other words the rate at which data is transmitted over the serial port Bc Please refe...

Страница 269: ...for the telecommunications industry Channel Refers to the path for transmission of information It may be physicalorlogical CIR Committed Information Rate This defines the minimum level of service expected for a virtual circuit Circuit In telecommunications this is a link connecting two or more nodes Circuit A type of network where a circuit is established and Switching maintained between the commu...

Страница 270: ...ay be text voice or video Data Link Layer 2 of the OSI reference model This layer is concerned Layer with error detection and correction to ensure the integrity of transmitted data dB Decibels DCE DataCommunications Equipment This is switching equipment which connects the DTE into the communications link for example a modem DDS Digital Data System a service which provides full duplex data communic...

Страница 271: ... or workstation E1 A 2 048 Mbps circuit E3 A 34 368 Mbps circuit EA Extended Address bits in the Frame Relay Header allow for additional DLCI addressing Echo In telecommunications this is when a transmitted signal is reflected back to the sender EndtoEnd Signalling method in which signals pass right through from end to end without processing within intermediate nodes ESF Extended Frame Format ETSI...

Страница 272: ... govern the amount of traffic it receives from another FPS FramingPatternSequence FRAD Frame RelayAccessDevice This is equipment which accepts and encapsulates traffic for transport over the Frame Relay network Frame This is a series of bits arranged in a pattern used for transmitting information over a channel Frame Relay A data communications technology originating from ISDN which provides effic...

Страница 273: ...ry activity of the national standardization organizations of each member country The ISO works closely with ITU in the development of standards ITU T InternationalTelecommunications Union Telecommunications standardization sector formerly known as CCITT Kbps Kilobits persecond i e one thousand bits per second KHz Kilohertz Measure of frequency equal to 1 000 cycles per second LAN Local AreaNetwork...

Страница 274: ...terface Modem A modem is a device which converts digital signals into analog tones which can be passed through the telephone network A modem at the receiving end reverses this process to recreate the original digital signal Multiframe A set of consecutive frames Used in digital transmission in which the position of each frame can be determined by a multi frame alignment signal covering the group o...

Страница 275: ...ge Packet A collection of bits including address data and control information which are transmitted together Parity A simple mechanism for determining if a single bit error has occurred when individual characters are transmitted Packet Transmission method in which data is formed into Switching discrete segments usually with its own control information and is routed through the network in this enve...

Страница 276: ...ystems synchronization error checking and so on PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network PSTN PublicSwitched TelephoneNetwork Public Usually refers to a network owned and operated by a Network licensed telecommunication authority providing a PSTN service to the public Pulse Code A method of converting analog signals into digital signals Modulation PCM PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit A fixed virtual...

Страница 277: ...hat it wishes to send data The Data Communications Equipment indicates it may send the data byassertingCTS SELV Safety Extra Low Voltage A circuit which is protected from hazardousvoltages SF D4 SuperframeFormat Signalling The transmission of information which is related to switching SLC96 Subscriber Line Concentrator this is a framing type Stopbits In asynchronous serial data transmission each ch...

Страница 278: ...ons the time available on its link between its channels Throughput The number of data bits successfully transmitted in one direction within a specified time UNI User to Network Interface This specifies the connection between end user equipment and the network µ law Companding technique used in North America and Japan V 35 An ITU T standard for a data communications interface for DCE and DTE equipm...

Страница 279: ...A standard X series connector specified by ISO 4903 which can be used with auroraTempo The connector is also known as a D15 X 25 Interface for the transmission of packets over public data networks Xon Xoff A type of flow control where the special characters XON 11H and XOFF 13H are used to stop and restart the flow of data ...

Страница 280: ...auroraTempo User Guide A4 14 423972 ...

Страница 281: ...Issue 1a 10 99 A5 1 Appendix 5 RFC 1490 Decode Appendix 5 Appendix 5 Contents RFC 1490 Decode A5 2 ...

Страница 282: ...are decoded including the Options field auroraTempo also decodes ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol messages except where it would involve decoding an embedded header 64 bits of original datagram IEEE SNAP NLPID 0x80 For protocols that do not have a NLPID already assigned there is a mechanism that enables easy recognition of a protocol A NLPID value 0x80 indicates the presence of a SNAP header...

Страница 283: ...served FCS 802 5 with preserved FCS FDDI with preserved FCS 802 3 without preserved FCS 802 4 without preserved FCS 802 5 without preserved FCS FDDI without preserved FCS 802 6 without preserved FCS 0x00 03 0x00 04 0x00 07 0x00 08 0x00 09 0x00 0A 0x00 0B PID Media 802 1 Decode OUI Ethertype The PID is decoded and IPX 0x81 37 is further decoded ...

Страница 284: ...auroraTempo User Guide A5 4 423972 ...

Страница 285: ...Issue 1a 10 99 Index 1 Index ...

Страница 286: ...o 5 33 sending a stored file to 7 6 B B8ZS See Line code Backlight 1 7 Backward Explicit Congestion Notification See BECN Battery power 2 2 2 6 automatic power off setting 6 13 low battery indication 2 3 recharging the batteries 2 3 2 4 replacing the batteries 2 4 2 6 Bc See Committed Burst Size Bc Be See Excess Burst Size Be Bearer capability SVC configuration 5 9 BECN explanation 8 11 simulating...

Страница 287: ...laying data 5 28 5 54 See also Decode data capturing and saving 5 32 5 36 capturing to auroraExpert for Windows 5 33 capturing to the serial port 5 32 choosing summary or full decode format 5 91 5 92 customizing 5 91 5 97 displaying data as it is captured 5 28 5 31 filtering the data 5 36 5 37 5 92 5 97 saving to file 5 33 5 35 starting stopping data capture 5 35 5 36 summary decode output example...

Страница 288: ...munication ports 1 13 1 15 Configuring auroraTempo 6 2 6 23 applying a stored configuration file 6 16 interface configuration 6 3 6 10 saving a configuration file 6 15 6 16 system settings 6 10 Congestion congestion control explanation 8 16 8 17 8 17 8 18 simulating in Frame Load test 5 65 Connecting auroraTempo within the Frame Relay network 3 3 3 15 Connectors 1 13 1 15 connector safety 1 15 int...

Страница 289: ...or Windows 5 33 capturing to the serial port 5 32 choosing summary or full decode format 5 91 5 92 customizing 5 91 5 97 displaying data as it is captured 5 28 5 31 filtering 5 36 5 37 5 92 5 97 saving to file 5 33 5 35 starting stopping data capture 5 35 5 36 summary decode output examples 5 29 Traffic display 5 29 5 32 viewing DLCI management information 5 37 5 39 DLCIs activating deactivating 5...

Страница 290: ...Terminal Equipment E E1 interface specification A1 4 A1 5 EA Extended Address explanation 8 11 Emulation type selecting 6 3 6 4 End to end transit delay SVC configuration 5 12 ESF See Framing type Excess Burst Size Be 8 17 Extended Address See EA F FCS Frame Check Sequence 8 9 FECN explanation 8 11 simulating congestion in Frame Load test 5 65 File Manager 7 2 7 11 Files stored applying filters 7 ...

Страница 291: ...9 5 71 starting the test 5 69 5 71 test pattern 5 63 user defined header 5 65 5 67 Frame Loop test 5 73 5 74 specifying the looped DLCI 5 73 Frame Receive test 5 71 5 73 displaying transit delay timestamps 5 72 results 5 72 5 73 specifying the expected frame count 5 71 5 72 specifying the receive test pattern 5 71 specifying the received frame length 5 71 starting the test 5 72 5 73 Frame Relay in...

Страница 292: ...3 H Hardware handshake using 6 5 Header frame structure 8 9 8 11 Help displaying 3 15 High layer compatibility 5 24 5 25 I IEEE SNAP message decoding A5 2 A5 3 Installing new software 6 22 6 23 Interface configuration CAS selection 6 8 choosing the framing type 6 5 6 6 clock source 6 4 emulation type 6 3 6 4 including a CRC value 6 7 line build out 6 6 line code 6 6 number of bits 6 10 6 11 sealin...

Страница 293: ...coding A5 2 IP Ping tests 5 74 5 79 5 80 K Keep Alive Polling routine summary decode output example 5 31 Keypad 1 7 1 10 L Language setting 6 14 LAPD explanation 8 9 8 21 Layer 1 errors injecting 4 22 4 23 LED indicators 1 10 1 12 Line build out setting 6 6 Line code 6 6 Line rate test 4 29 4 30 Line termination setting 6 7 Link configuration 5 3 5 27 circuit type 5 5 configuring a PVC 5 5 5 8 con...

Страница 294: ... 23 M Markers applying in stored files 7 9 7 11 Memory capacity of auroraTempo A1 3 A1 4 Menus displaying selecting menu options 3 6 3 7 exiting from a menu 3 7 3 9 Main menu 3 4 3 5 menu structure diagrams A3 2 A3 5 Monitoring selecting Monitor mode 3 10 3 11 N Network facility SVC configuration 5 12 Network Frame Relay introduction 8 7 8 8 Network to Network Interface NNI 5 4 illustration 8 8 8 ...

Страница 295: ...st 5 80 5 81 Ping test 5 74 5 78 results 5 77 5 79 specifying the destination IP address 5 77 specifying the frame count 5 75 specifying the source IP address 5 76 specifying the transmission rate 5 74 specifying the type of Ping test 5 75 starting the test 5 77 5 79 Pinouts cable A1 5 A1 13 Power sources 2 2 2 6 AC power 2 2 Battery power 2 2 2 6 external DC input connector 1 13 specification A1 ...

Страница 296: ...onfiguration 5 5 5 8 deleting 5 43 explanation 8 12 managing manipulating 5 41 5 46 R Receive Throughput test 5 87 5 89 results 5 87 5 90 starting 5 87 5 90 Remote Control 6 14 Remote loop test 4 24 4 28 activating deactivating remote loops 4 25 4 27 verifying the loop 4 28 4 30 RTS CTS See Flow control S Safety information 1 6 1 7 1 15 2 3 2 4 2 6 A1 15 Saving downloading statistics 5 50 5 54 Scr...

Страница 297: ...tistics about stored files 7 3 7 4 downloading 5 53 5 54 saving to file 5 50 5 52 Status information displaying 3 10 3 14 Frame Relay status 3 13 3 14 physical status 3 11 4 2 4 11 printing 4 10 system status 3 12 SVC configuration bearer capability 5 9 channel ID 5 10 DLCI ID 5 10 DLCI range 5 8 5 9 end to end transit delay 5 12 High Layer Compatibility 5 24 5 25 Link layer core parameters 5 13 L...

Страница 298: ...s 6 14 6 22 displaying 6 10 language 6 14 serial port configuration 6 11 6 12 System status 3 12 T T1 interface specification A1 4 Termination line 6 7 Tests CIR tests 5 60 5 63 frame load test 5 63 5 70 frame loop test 5 73 5 74 Frame Receive test 5 71 5 73 Ping Receive test 5 79 5 80 Ping test 5 74 5 78 Receive Throughput test 5 87 5 89 resetting test results 5 56 restarting stopping 5 56 saving...

Страница 299: ...cture 1 2 User to Network Interface UNI 5 4 illustration 8 8 8 11 User to user information 5 25 5 27 UUI See User to user information V V series interface specification A1 4 Variable Load test 5 80 5 86 receive settings 5 82 5 83 results 5 85 5 87 starting the test 5 85 5 87 transmit settings 5 81 5 82 5 84 5 84 5 85 5 85 Virtual circuits explanation 8 11 8 15 X X 213 priority adding to Call Setup...

Страница 300: ...auroraTempo User Guide Index 16 423972 ...

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