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GNS 430 Pilot’s Guide and Reference

I-4

INDEX

S

Satellite status page 1-8, 3-22, 12-1
Scheduler message 13-6
Scroll bar 1-4, 3-18, 8-4, 8-6
Select approach 1-14, 5-11, 6-1, 6-4, 6-9, 7-10, 9-3, D-6
Select arrival 1-14, 5-12, 6-1
Select departure 1-14, 5-12, 6-1
Self test 1-5
Setup 1 page 10-20, 10-22 – 10-26
Setup 2 page 10-27, 10-28, 10-29
Shortcuts 4-4, 5-14
SIDs 1-14, 12-2
Signal strength 1-8, 3-22, 3-23
Sky view 3-22
Small left knob 1-3
Small right knob 1-3
Software/database version 10-12
Sort list 5-7, 5-8, 10-15
Speciﬁcations v, B-1
Squelch 2-1, 13-11
Standby frequency 1-9, 2-2, 7-16, 8-8, 8-10
STARs 1-14, 12-2
Stuck microphone 2-5
Sunrise/sunset times 10-18
SUSP (suspend annunciation) 6-8, 6-11, 6-13, 6-17, 6-20,

6-22 – 6-25, 6-32, 13-1, D-3, D-4

Symbols 3-2, 3-5, 3-16, 7-15

T

Target pointer 3-7, 3-8, 7-19
Terms 13-1
Terrain i, 1-10, 3-14, 3-15, 3-16, 11-1, 11-2 – 11-8, 11-11,

11-12

Terrain/obstacle database 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-11
Terrain alerts 11-7, 11-12
Terrain page 1-10, 3-14, 3-15, 3-16, 11-2, 11-7, 11-11
Terrain phase of ﬂight 11-4, 11-7
Terrain separation iv
Timers 10-12, 10-15
Track (TRK) 1-6, 1-11, 1-12, 3-3, 3-6, 3-10, 3-12, 3-13, 3-14,

3-19, 3-23, 5-8, 6-15, 6-23, 6-25, 6-30, 6-33, 10-3,
10-7, 10-21, 13-7, 13-12, 13-13, D-6

Transitions 5-11, 5-12, 6-1, 6-5, 6-10, 6-18, 7-8, 7-9, 7-11,

7-13, 9-3, 13-3, D-5

Trip planning 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-6
Trip statistics 10-12, 10-17
True airspeed 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-7
Tuning cursor 1-3, 1-9, 2-1, 2-2, 9-1
Turn advisories D-5
Turn anticipation 13-7, D-5

U

Units of measure 1-5, 10-20, 10-21, 10-24, 10-25
User waypoint list 7-22, 7-23, 7-24
User waypoint page 7-17, 7-18, 7-20 – 7-23, 8-8
Utility page 10-12, 10-14, 10-17, 10-18, 10-19

V

Vectors-to-ﬁnal 3-2, 6-17
Vertical navigation 3-24, 13-1, 13-11
Vertical navigation page 1-10
VLOC audio 9-1
VLOC ﬂip-ﬂop key 1-3, 1-13, 6-29, 6-33, 7-16, 8-6, 8-7, 8-

10, 9-2, 9-3, 9-4, 13-6, 13-8

VLOC volume knob 1-3, 9-1
VLOC window 1-9, 1-13, 2-2, 3-18, 6-26, 6-28, 7-7, 7-16,

8-6, 8-7, 8-10, 9-1, 9-3, 9-4

Volume 1-3, 1-5, 2-1, 9-1
VORs 1-11, 1-15, 3-10, 3-15, 4-2, 7-1, 7-15, 8-1, 8-2, 8-6
VSR (vertical speed required) 3-3, 3-26, 13-11, 13-13

W

Warranty vi
Waypoint alerts D-5
Waypoint list 7-22, 7-23, 7-24
Waypoint sequencing 3-2, 6-12, 6-24, 13-1, D-2, D-3, D-4
Weather broadcast 7-15
Winds aloft 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-7
WPT page group 5-15, 7-1, 7-2, 7-16

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Содержание GNS 430

Страница 1: ...GNS 430 430A Pilot s Guide and Reference...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...Date of Revision Description A B C D E F G H 12 98 4 99 6 99 7 99 4 00 7 00 5 03 5 06 Initial Release Update to conform to recent SW changes Added Addendum Update for SW 2 10 Update for SW 2 15 Update...

Страница 4: ...her Garmin products Except as expressly provided herein no part of this manual may be reproduced copied transmitted disseminated downloaded or stored in any storage medium for any purpose without the...

Страница 5: ...rport Arrival Page 7 11 7 7 Airport Departure Page 7 13 7 8 Intersection Page 7 14 7 9 NDB Page 7 15 7 10 VOR Page 7 15 7 11 User Waypoint Page 7 17 SECTION 8 NRST PAGES 8 1 8 1 NRST Page Group 8 1 8...

Страница 6: ...navigation Always use pressure altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in the aircraft WARNING The Jeppesen database used in the GNS 430 system must be updated regularly in order to ensure that its...

Страница 7: ...Unauthorized repairs or modi cations could void both the warranty and the pilot s authority to operate this device under FAA FCC regulations NOTE All visual depictions contained within this document i...

Страница 8: ...RANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE...

Страница 9: ...ilot s Guide Addendum Database Subscription Packet Warranty Registration Card GNS 430 Simulator CD ROM The Garmin dealer performs the installation and con guration of the GNS 430 The GNS 430 is secure...

Страница 10: ...t knob Large right knob Small left knob Small right knob CDI OBS MSG message FPL ight plan PROC procedures VLOC Volume COM Power Volume VLOC Flip op COM Flip op CLR clear ENT enter MENU RNG map range...

Страница 11: ...vides access to the direct to function which allows the pilot to enter a destination waypoint and establishes a direct course to the selected destination Section 4 The MENU Key displays a context sens...

Страница 12: ...nt i e prevents sequencing to the next waypoint Pressing the OBS Key again returns the unit to normal operation with automatic sequencing of waypoints When OBS mode is selected the pilot may set the d...

Страница 13: ...aft so the unit can collect satellite data without interruption This takeoff tour is intended to provide a brief introduction of the GNS 430 s major features Sections 2 through 13 of this manual descr...

Страница 14: ...Page To ensure that the GNS 430 and any connected instruments are working properly check for the following indications on the CDI HSI RMI external annunciators and other connected instruments Course d...

Страница 15: ...Key and verify that fuel on board FOB now matches the fuel capacity CAP gure Fuel on board is reduced over time based on the fuel ow FF gure To view the Checklists Page 1 Turn the large right knob to...

Страница 16: ...lites and the relative signal strength of each satellite received as a bar graph reading Searching Sky indicates that satellite almanac data is not available or has expired if the unit hasn t been use...

Страница 17: ...ning cursor to the COM Window Figure 1 11 2 Turn the large left knob to select the MHz and the small left knob to select the kHz of the desired frequency To place the standby communication frequency i...

Страница 18: ...thin Current Page Group To select the desired page group Turn the large right knob until a page from the desired page group is displayed Figure 1 13 To select the desired page within the page group Tu...

Страница 19: ...hile viewing the Map Page the pilot can quickly declutter and remove many of the background map details by pressing the CLR Key repeatedly until the desired detail is depicted To change the map range...

Страница 20: ...ator CDI The Default NAV Page Figure 1 17 displays a graphic course deviation indicator CDI the active leg of the ight plan as de ned by the current from and to waypoints and six user selectable data...

Страница 21: ...ports departure arrival and enroute for the ight plan or direct to Continue to turn the small right knob until the desired airport is selected 3 Press the ENT Key to display the frequency list for the...

Страница 22: ...NavData card and are available using the PROC procedures Key To display the Procedures Page Figure 1 22 press the PROC Key Figure 1 22 Procedures Page The steps required to select and activate an appr...

Страница 23: ...the selected procedure Nearest NRST Pages The NRST Page Group provides detailed information on the nine nearest airports VORs NDBs intersections and user created waypoints within 200 nm of the curren...

Страница 24: ...e Nearest Airport List To view additional information for a nearby airport 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 2 Turn the large right knob to select the desired airport from the list 3...

Страница 25: ...age Figure 1 28 provides information for up to nine controlled or special use airspaces near or in the ight path Airspace information appears on this page based upon the same criteria used for airspac...

Страница 26: ...about a nearby airspace such as controlling agency frequency and oor ceiling limits is available from the Nearest Airspace Page Section 8 9 To view additional airspace information 1 Press the small r...

Страница 27: ...YPOINT Use the large and small right knobs to enter the identi er of the rst waypoint in the ight plan The small knob is used to select the desired letter or number and the large knob is used to move...

Страница 28: ...GNS 430 Pilot s Guide and Reference 1 20 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Blank Page...

Страница 29: ...function when listening to a distant station or when setting the desired volume level The COM Power Volume Knob allows the pilot to disable the automatic squelch and keep the COM audio open continuous...

Страница 30: ...all left knob momentarily Figure 2 3 Figure 2 3 Standby Frequency of 135 325 2 Turn the large left knob to select the desired megahertz MHz value For example the 135 portion of the frequency 135 325 3...

Страница 31: ...elect another airport turn the large right knob to highlight the desired airport 4 The NearestAirport Page displays the common traf c advisory frequency CTAF for each listed airport To select this fre...

Страница 32: ...the NAV COM Page from the NAV Page Group Section 3 1 or press and hold the CLR Key then turn the small right knob until the NAV COM Page appears 2 Press the small right knob to place the cursor on th...

Страница 33: ...esired airport Press the ENT Key when nished 5 Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired frequency 6 Press the ENT Key to place the highlighted frequency in the standby COM Window eld Emergen...

Страница 34: ...OM Window If the microphone key is stuck or accidentally left in the on position or the microphone continues to transmit after the key is released the COM transmitter automatically times out ceases tr...

Страница 35: ...oup Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group To select the desired page group from any page Press and hold the CLR Key to select the...

Страница 36: ...raphic CDI shows the current position at the center of the indicator relative to the desired course the moving course deviation needle As with a traditional mechanical CDI when off course simplysteert...

Страница 37: ...altitude ESA Estimated time of arrival ETA Estimate time enroute ETE Fuel ow FLOW when con gured Ground speed GS Ground track TRK Minimum safe altitude MSA Track angle error TKE Vertical speed requir...

Страница 38: ...tory Settings All data elds settings can be quickly returned to original factory settings To restore all six data elds to factory default settings 1 From the Default NAV Page press the MENU Key to dis...

Страница 39: ...sh between waypoint types The identi ers for any on screen waypoints can also be displayed The identi ers are enabled by default Special use and controlled airspace boundaries appear on the map showin...

Страница 40: ...ill cause overzoom to be replaced with no map and the geographic detail will be removed from the Map Display airport and NAVAID remain Figure 3 9 Overzoom on Map Page The Setup Map option described in...

Страница 41: ...ve right turn clockwise or left counterclockwise 4 To cancel the panning function and return to the present position press the small right knob When the target pointer is placed on an object the name...

Страница 42: ...t pointer location a new waypoint called MAP Figure 3 13 is created at the target pointer location before the direct to is initiated Airspace Information on the Map When a special use or controlled ai...

Страница 43: ...the GNS 430 s functions are menu driven Each of the main pages has an options menu allowing customization of the corresponding page to the pilot s preferences and or selection of special features whic...

Страница 44: ...n the GNS 430 for airports and cities Large airports are those with a runway longer than 8100 feet Medium airports include those with a runway longer than 5000 feet or with a control tower Large citie...

Страница 45: ...ght knob to select Map and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the appropriate eld 4 Turn the small right knob to select On or Off 5 Press the ENT Key to accept the selected opt...

Страница 46: ...distance between two points 1 From the Map Page Menu turn the large right knob to highlight Measure Dist Figure 3 20 Figure 3 20 Map Page Menu 2 Press the ENT Key an on screen reference pointer appea...

Страница 47: ...nd press the ENT Key Figure 3 23 Map Page Menu 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight the data eld to be changed 3 Turn the small right knob to select the type of data Figure 3 24 desired to appear...

Страница 48: ...AIN See Section 11 for a full description of TERRAIN functions Figure 3 26 TERRAIN Page GPS derived MSL Altitude Terrain Information Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page with...

Страница 49: ...e Aviation Data Figure 3 29 and press the ENT Key Pressing the CLR Key when the TERRAIN Page is displayed can also be used to toggle aviation information on or off Figure 3 29 TERRAIN Page Menu Inhibi...

Страница 50: ...tem is functional again TERRAIN Symbols The following symbols Figure 3 32 are used to represent obstacles and potential impact points on the Terrain Page Red Symbol Terrain Obstacle is within 100 feet...

Страница 51: ...he frequencies for the airport nearest the departure position Figure 3 33 NAV COM Page Frequency Type Departure Enroute or Arrival Airport Assigned Frequency and Usage Information when applicable Numb...

Страница 52: ...frequency in the standby eld of the COM or VLOC Window highlight the desired frequency and press the ENT Key Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage as follows TX Transmit o...

Страница 53: ...tor for quick at a glance ground track information Directly below are three user selectable elds which by default display track ground speed and altitude Barometric pressure BARO settings and minimum...

Страница 54: ...Fields and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the waypoint type eld bottom left corner of the page default setting shows APT see Figure 3 41 Figure 3 41 Waypoint Type Field Hi...

Страница 55: ...Press the small right knob momentarily to remove the cursor from the page Restoring Factory Settings A Restore Defaults option allows all data elds to be reset to their original factory default settin...

Страница 56: ...urrent Page within Current Page Group 10 As the GPS receiver locks onto satellites a signal strength bar appears for each satellite in view with the appropriate satellite number 01 32 underneath each...

Страница 57: ...ould be in view 2D Navigation The GPS receiver is in 2D navigation mode Altitude data is provided by an altitude serializer 3D Navigation The GPS receiver is in 3D navigation mode and computes altitud...

Страница 58: ...AGL or MSL 3 Target Reference 4 Vertical Speed Desired 5 Vertical Speed Required 6 Current Page Group 7 Number of Pages in Current Page Group 8 Positon of Current Page within Current Page Group 9 NOTE...

Страница 59: ...eference Distance Selected 6 Turn the small right knob to select Before or After and press the ENT Key This setting designates whether the offset distance de nes a point before the aircraft reaches th...

Страница 60: ...t or climb angle At 500 feet above or below for a climb the target altitude an Approaching Target Altitude message is provided The VSR readout on the Default NAV Page and the Map Page is blanked out a...

Страница 61: ...aypoint identi er eld highlighted Figure 4 1 Select Direct to Waypoint Page 2 Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identi er of the desired destination waypoint Figure 4 2 Figure 4 2 Waypo...

Страница 62: ...Turn the large right knob to highlight the facility name second line or the city third line eld 3 Use the small and large right knobs to enter the facility name or city location of the desired destin...

Страница 63: ...ting the Nearest Airport as a Direct to Destination The Select Direct to Waypoint Page always displays the nearest airports from the present position in the NRST eld Navigating directly to a nearby ai...

Страница 64: ...Key Forpagesthatdisplay a list of waypoints e g the Nearest Airport Page see Figure 4 10 the desired waypoint must be highlighted with the cursor before pressing the Direct to Key Figure 4 9 Single Wa...

Страница 65: ...ghted Figure 4 11 Press the Direct to Key and the ENT Key twice to navigate to the waypoint Figure 4 11 Panning Pointer Placed on Waypoint 4 If the panning pointer is placed on an open location press...

Страница 66: ...all and large right knobs to select the destination waypoint 3 Press the ENT Key to con rm the selected waypoint then turn the large right knob to highlight the course CRS eld Figure 4 13 Figure 4 13...

Страница 67: ...edit activate delete and copy ight plans Flight plans numbered from 1 through 19 are used to save ight plans for future use Flight plan 00 is reserved exclusively for the ight plan currently in use fo...

Страница 68: ...s the FPL Key and turn the small right knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired ight plan a...

Страница 69: ...ight Plan Catalog Page A one line user comment may be added to any ight plan which is displayed on the Flight Plan Catalog Page next to the ight plan s number By default as the ight plan is being crea...

Страница 70: ...Page Menu 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight Activate Flight Plan and press the ENT Key Figure 5 8 Figure 5 8 Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu Inverting Flight Plans After travelling along a ight...

Страница 71: ...e next empty catalog location is offered To select a different location turn the large right knob to select the ight plan number use the small and large right knobs to enter a different number and pre...

Страница 72: ...one unit is seen on the other For additional information see Section 10 2 Flight Planning Page Cross ll To cross ll ight plans between two 400 or 500 Series Garmin units 1 Select the Cross ll option f...

Страница 73: ...eviously in this section The copy function is useful for duplicating an existing ight plan before making changes Delete Flight Plan Allows the pilot to remove the selected ight plan from memory as des...

Страница 74: ...7 and press the ENT Key Figure 5 17 Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu 5 2 ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN PAGE The Active Flight Plan Page provides information and editing functions for ight plan 00 the ight plan curr...

Страница 75: ...ses it is convenient to select approaches using the PROC Key as described in Section 6 1 Select Arrival Allows the pilot to select a published standard terminal arrival route STAR for the destination...

Страница 76: ...t knob to select the desired data item Figure 5 21 and press the ENT Key Figure 5 21 Select Field Type Window 5 Press the small right knob to remove the cursor To restore factory default settings for...

Страница 77: ...ighlight the desired transition waypoint and press the ENT Key The Vectors option assumes the pilot will receive vectors to the nal course segment of the approach and will provide navigation guidance...

Страница 78: ...e transitions Figure 5 28 for the arrival Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press the ENT Key Figure 5 28 Transitions Window 4 With Load highlighted press the...

Страница 79: ...ght Plan Page Menu Figure 5 30 and press the ENT Key Figure 5 30 Active Flight Plan Page Menu 2 A window appears with the reference waypoint eld highlighted Use the small and large right knobs to ente...

Страница 80: ...he title for the approach Figure 5 32 departure or arrival to be deleted Titles appear in light blue directly above the procedure s waypoints Figure 5 32 Highlight Item To Be Deleted 3 Press the CLR K...

Страница 81: ...n Activate Leg con rmation window Figure 5 36 Figure 5 36 Activate Leg Window 3 With Activate highlighted press the ENT Key When using instrument procedures this feature can be used not only to activa...

Страница 82: ...GNS 430 Pilot s Guide and Reference 5 16 SECTION 5 FLIGHT PLANS Blank Page...

Страница 83: ...ust have published procedures associated with them To select an approach departure or arrival 1 Press the PROC Key to display the Procedures Page 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight Select Approa...

Страница 84: ...ch a GPS designation to the right of the procedure name Figure 6 4 indicates the procedure can be own using the GPS receiver Some procedures do not have this designation meaning the GPS receiver may b...

Страница 85: ...tion 6 2 NON PRECISION APPROACH OPERATIONS The GNS 430 provides non precision approach guidance using its built in GPS receiver The GPS receiver can also be used as a supplemental aid for precision ap...

Страница 86: ...lan but retains course guidance in the enroute section until the approach is activated 4 Activate the full approach or vectors to nal as appropriate In some scenarios it may be more convenient to imme...

Страница 87: ...e list on the NAV COM Page Section 3 6 and Figure 6 9 and place it in the standby eld of the COM Window Use the COM Flip op Key to make the ATIS frequency active Figure 6 9 NAV COM Page 3 Press the PR...

Страница 88: ...ure 6 13 Figure 6 13 CDI Scale at 1 0 nm 2 Several miles prior to reaching the IAF LYH the pilot may wish to review the approach sequence Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page Press...

Страница 89: ...and indicated as the active leg on the Default NAV Page and theActive Flight Plan Page The CDI needle starts moving to the right 7 When turning to intercept the inbound course the GNS 430 sequences t...

Страница 90: ...the OBS Key Figure 6 19 indicating that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints is suspended at the MAP A from indication is displayed on the CDI and Default NAV Page but course guidance along the...

Страница 91: ...er right hand corner of the screen recommends entry procedures for the holding pattern i e HOLD DIRECT HOLD PARALLEL or HOLD TEARDROP see Figure 6 22 When ying the holding pattern a timer appears on t...

Страница 92: ...age 3 Press the ENT Key twice This time the pilot selects the GPS runway 21 approach into Farmville Regional The GPS runway 21 approach begins with a holding pattern at the IAF BODRY intersection 4 Pr...

Страница 93: ...6 30 HOLD DIRECT or HOLD PARALLEL may be offered on other similar approaches Figure 6 30 HOLD TEARDROP Annunciation 9 As mentioned in the missed approach example the Default NAV Page displays a timer...

Страница 94: ...en passed re activate the holding pattern using the steps described in Section 5 2 DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Figure 6 32 Approach Mode Refer to Figure 6 32 for the following steps 11 When approaching...

Страница 95: ...ayed in magenta the active leg of the ight plan always appears in magenta and a dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP Do not follow this extended course Instead follow published missed approac...

Страница 96: ...36 Enroute Mode NOTE As this manual was being written the letter number DME arc names were being replaced with standard ve letter intersection names Either naming convention may be used for an approac...

Страница 97: ...0 nm full scale de ection 4 If the approach has not yet been activated in step 2 above do so when cleared for the approach Figure 6 41 Figure 6 41 Procedures Page 5 WhenapproachingtheIAF D258G awaypo...

Страница 98: ...205 Dial this course into the CDI or HSI using the OBS knob Figure 6 43 Intermediate Approach Fix 8 At 2 0 nm from the FAF TOP VOR the GNS 430 switches from terminal mode to approach mode CDI scaling...

Страница 99: ...se guidance along the nal approach course continues Do not follow this extended course Follow published missed approach procedures using the OBS Key to initiate the missed approach sequence as outline...

Страница 100: ...s the last waypoint in a ight plan 2 Press the PROC Key and select the VOR 22 approach using the steps outlined in Section 6 1 3 From the Transitions Window select D258G as the IAF Figure 6 49 Also se...

Страница 101: ...430 to provide guidance to the nal approach course 3 ATC instructs the pilot to turn left to a heading of 025 This places the aircraft parallel to the nal approach course in the opposite direction Fig...

Страница 102: ...7 Figure 6 57 Waypoint Alert 8 When crossing the FAF the destination sequences to the MAP RW22 9 When approaching the MAP a waypoint alert APPRCHINGWPT appears in the lower right corner 10 After cross...

Страница 103: ...DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Palmdale CA AF Plant 42 VOR DME or GPS Rwy 25 Figure 6 60 KPMD Approach This example uses the VOR DME RWY 25 approach into Palmdale California KPMD andincludesateardropcourse...

Страница 104: ...DTK 265 appears in the lower right corner of the screen 7 After crossing the FAF the destination sequences to the MAP MA25 8 When approaching the MAP a waypoint alert APPRCHINGWPT appears in the lower...

Страница 105: ...conds of pressing the OBS Key to release suspend mode and start the approach sequence SUSP re appears above the OBS Key as the GNS 430 returns to suspend mode This is normal when ying a course from x...

Страница 106: ...Key to reactivate the approach or select a different approach or press the Direct to Key to select another destination Course from x to manual sequence legs appear on the Active Flight Plan Page and t...

Страница 107: ...ence leg The distance displayed on the Active Flight Plan Page the Default NAV Page Figure 6 70 and the Map Page is FROM the waypoint x the departure runway in this example Figure 6 70 Default NAV Pag...

Страница 108: ...pts the nal approach course When the ILS approach is activated the GNS 430 automatically switches within 1 2 nm left or right of the nal approach course This switch can take place anywhere from 2 0 to...

Страница 109: ...rms The factory default setting is Auto which enables the automatic switch to VLOC Selecting an ILS Approach This example uses a ight from Laughlin Bullhead Arizona International to Flagstaff Pulliam...

Страница 110: ...sage When an ILS approach is loaded or activated the ILS frequency is automatically placed in the standby eld of the VLOC Window To use this frequency press the VLOC Flip op Key to place it in the act...

Страница 111: ...lower right corner of the screen Figure 6 79 Figure 6 79 Waypoint Alert 4 Press the VLOC Flip op Key to activate the ILS frequency If this step is forgotten the GNS 430 displays a reminder message wit...

Страница 112: ...has not been activated per step 4 this automatic CDI switching does not occur Figure 6 83 Waypoint Alert 10 Turn to track the ILS approach course NOTE From this point on primary navigation is provide...

Страница 113: ...re 6 84 13 AftercrossingSHUTR thedestinationsequences to the MAP RW21 the runway threshold see Figure 6 86 Fly toward the MAP When viewing the Map Page as in Figure 6 87 note that the nal course segme...

Страница 114: ...GPS receiver GPS is indicated above the CDI Key If the pilot leaves the CDI output on VLOC and the pilot is using an external CDI not an HSI expect reverse sensing on the backcourse of the ILS 6 4 POI...

Страница 115: ...OC late in the approach may not provide the autopilot enough time to respond and intercept the approach course prior to the FAF depending upon the performance characteristics of the autopilot and airc...

Страница 116: ...GNS 430 Pilot s Guide and Reference SECTION 6 PROCEDURES 6 34 Blank Page...

Страница 117: ...main pages 2 Turn the large right knob to select the WPT Page Group WPT appears in the lower right corner of the screen 3 Turn the small right knob to select the desired WPT page NOTE The GNS 430 use...

Страница 118: ...all right knob To enter a waypoint facility name or city location 1 Select the Airport Location Page NDB Page or VOR Page from the WPT Page Group as described on the preceding page 2 Press the small r...

Страница 119: ...r city location 2 When spelling the facility name or location using the small and large right knobs the GNS 430 s Spell N Find feature selects the rst entry Figure 7 5 in the database based upon the c...

Страница 120: ...irspace Type 7 Best Available Approach 8 Current Page Group 9 Position of Current Page within Current Page Group 10 Number of Pages in Current Page Group Figure 7 8 Airport Location Page The following...

Страница 121: ...Designations Runway Length and Width Surface and Lighting Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Current Page Group To display information for each a...

Страница 122: ...UENCY PAGE The Airport Frequency Page displays radio frequencies and frequency types for the selected airport as well as sector and altitude restrictions where applicable If the selected airport has a...

Страница 123: ...7 14 Frequency Moved to Standby Field 4 To remove the ashing cursor press the small right knob Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage as follows TX Transmit only RX Receiv...

Страница 124: ...Approach Page Figure 7 17 shows the available approach procedures for the selected airport Where multiple initial approach xes IAFs and feeder routes are available that information may also be display...

Страница 125: ...d transition or select VECTORS for guidance only along the nal course segment of the approach Figure 7 19 Transitions Window 6 Press the ENT Key To remove the ashing cursor press the small right knob...

Страница 126: ...ach Page 1 Select the desired approach and transition using the steps outlined in Section 6 1 Figure 7 20 2 Press the MENU Key to display the Airport Approach Page Menu 3 Turn the large right knob to...

Страница 127: ...thin Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Current Page Group To scroll through the available arrivals 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 2 Turn the large right kno...

Страница 128: ...all right knob Airport Arrival Page Options The following option is available for the Airport Arrival Page by pressing the MENU Key Load into Active FPL allows the pilot to load the selected arrival i...

Страница 129: ...he cursor on the departure DEP procedure name eld Figure 7 27 3 Turn the small right knob to display a window of available departures for the selected airport Figure 7 28 Continue turning the small ri...

Страница 130: ...ion Page Figure 7 31 displays the latitude longitude region and country for the selected intersection The Intersection Page also displays the identi er radial and distance from the nearest VOR VORTAC...

Страница 131: ...roadcast on the selected facility s frequency 7 10 VOR PAGE The VOR Page Figure 7 33 displays the facility name city region country magnetic variation latitude and longitude for the selected VOR The V...

Страница 132: ...Figure 7 34 To select another VOR use the small and large right knobs and press the ENT Key when nished Figure 7 34 VOR Identi er Field Selected 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the frequency...

Страница 133: ...degrees true depending upon unit con guration DIS Distance from reference waypoint in nautical miles statute miles kilometers depending upon unit con guration Position Latitude Longitude degrees minu...

Страница 134: ...the small and large right knobs to enter a name for the new waypoint and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the rst reference waypoint REF WPT eld 4 Use the small and large rig...

Страница 135: ...ored with the user waypoint By default this eld displays a radial from the nearestVOR However the pilot can select any waypoint by identi er to use as a reference in this eld The GNS 430 can store use...

Страница 136: ...at waypoint on the User Waypoint Page and enter the new position information directly over the old information To modify a user waypoint by changing its latitude longitude position 1 With the User Way...

Страница 137: ...sor moves to the radial RAD eld Figure 7 47 Use the small and large right knobs to change the radial from the reference waypoint if desired Press the ENT Key to accept the selected radial Figure 7 47...

Страница 138: ...and available memory Figure 7 50 If more user waypoints are stored than can be displayed on a single screen turn the large right knob to scroll through the UserWaypoint List Figure 7 50 User Waypoint...

Страница 139: ...e the pilot may review all information de ning the waypoint and its position 4 To modify the waypoint s position or reference waypoint information follow the steps described in this section 5 To exit...

Страница 140: ...dow 4 With Yes highlighted press the ENT Key to delete the selected user waypoint To delete all user waypoints from memory 1 Select the User Waypoint List as described in this section 2 Press the MENU...

Страница 141: ...to any nearby Special Use SUA or Controlled Airspaces Page Groups NAV Group WPT Group AUX Group NRST Group see Section 3 see Section 7 see Section 10 8 NRST pages Table 8 1 Page Groups Figure 8 1 NRST...

Страница 142: ...ed NRST page using the steps outlined on the preceding page 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to scroll through the list The scroll bar along the right ha...

Страница 143: ...an in ight emergency To select a nearby airport VOR NDB intersection or user waypoint as a direct to destination 1 Use the ashing cursor to scroll through a NRST page list Figure 8 6 and highlight the...

Страница 144: ...responding airports do not appear on the list The pilot may wish to use this feature to exclude seaplane bases or runway lengths which would be dif cult or impossible to land upon See Section 10 5 Set...

Страница 145: ...e cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to scroll through the list highlighting the identi er of the desired airport Figure 8 13 Figure 8 13 Desired Airport Highlighted 4 Press the ENT Key to display the...

Страница 146: ...ew additional information for a nearby NDB start from the nearest NDB Page and follow the preceding steps 2 through 4 8 5 NEAREST VOR PAGE The nearest VOR Page Figure 8 16 displays the identi er symbo...

Страница 147: ...Standby Field 5 Press the VLOC Flip op Key to activate the selected frequency 6 Press the small right knob to remove the ashing cursor To view additional information for a nearby VOR 1 Select the nea...

Страница 148: ...Flip op Key Figure 8 19 Nearest ARTCC Page ARTCC Name Bearing To and Distance To Current Page Group Frequency ies Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Gro...

Страница 149: ...ive only or transmit only frequencies The associated VOR is also provided for reference Figure 8 22 Nearest FSS Page FSS Name Bearing To and Distance To Current Page Group Frequency ies VOR Identi er...

Страница 150: ...are provided according to the following conditions If the aircraft s projected course will take it inside an airspace within the next ten minutes the alert message Airspace ahead less than 10 minutes...

Страница 151: ...previous page Once an airspace alert message appears detailed information concerning the speci c airspace is provided on the Nearest Airspace Page Figure 8 28 The Nearest Airspace Page displays the a...

Страница 152: ...ursor and press the ENT Key 6 Press the small right knob to remove the ashing cursor To view and quickly tune the frequency for a controlling agency 1 Follow steps 1 through 4 on the preceding page to...

Страница 153: ...peci ed Warning The bottom right hand corner of the Airspace Page displays the oor and ceiling limits of the airspace The following are examples of what may appear as vertical limits for an airspace 5...

Страница 154: ...GNS 430 Pilot s Guide and Reference 8 14 SECTION 8 NRST PAGES Blank Page...

Страница 155: ...ise to decrease volume VLOC Window and Tuning VLOC frequencies are tuned with the large and small left knobs when the tuning cursor is in the standby VLOC frequency eld The standby frequency always ap...

Страница 156: ...ting the desired frequency on the VOR Page Section 7 10 or the Nearest VOR Page Section 8 5 and pressing the ENT Key This process is referred to as auto tuning Once a frequency is selected in the stan...

Страница 157: ...dditional information on approach procedures is provided in Section 6 1 To select an approach and automatically tune the proper VLOC frequency 1 Select the destination airport using the Direct to Key...

Страница 158: ...aches and some non precision approaches a reminder window appears indicating that GPS guidance on such approaches is strictly for monitoring only use theVLOC receivers and external CDI or HSI for prim...

Страница 159: ...ns Page Groups NAV Group WPT Group AUX Group NRST Group see Section 3 see Section 7 4 AUX pages see Section 8 Table 10 1 Page Groups Figure 10 1 AUX Pages Flight Planning Utility Setup 1 Setup 2 To qu...

Страница 160: ...age appears providing additional information and features Figure 10 4 Flight Planning Page Current Page Group Menu Options to Select Highlight with Cursor and Press the ENT Key Position of Current Pag...

Страница 161: ...ft can perform depending upon several environmental conditions including indicated altitude IND ALT barometric pressure BARO and total air temperature TAT the temperature including the heating effect...

Страница 162: ...Figure 10 9 turn the small and large right knobs to enter the identi er of the from waypoint Once the waypoint s identi er is entered press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint The ashing cursor moves...

Страница 163: ...e small and large right knobs to enter the ground speed Press the ENT Key when nished 9 With all variables entered the following information is provided Figure 10 12 REQ Quantity of fuel required LFOB...

Страница 164: ...m trip planning operations 1 Select Trip Planning from the Flight Planning Page using the steps described in this section 2 The current trip planning leg mode is displayed at the top of the page POINT...

Страница 165: ...ed track or desired course DIS Distance ETE Estimated time enroute ESA Enroute safe altitude ETA Estimated time of arrival Flight Planning Page Density Alt TAS Winds To calculate density altitude true...

Страница 166: ...ished Figure 10 19 Heading Field Highlighted 7 With all variables entered the following information is provided DEN ALT Density altitude TAS True airspeed WIND Wind direction and speed HEAD TAIL WIND...

Страница 167: ...transfer error or data transfer cancelled are received during an automatic or manual transfer the pilot must force another transfer To transfer ight plans or user waypoints to from a second 400 Series...

Страница 168: ...plan number field is highlighted Turn the small right knob to select the desired ight plan and press the ENT Key 6 For a speci ed user waypoint UserWaypoint data option the waypoint identi er eld is h...

Страница 169: ...age using the steps described at the beginning of this section 2 The ashing cursor highlights the rst message eld 3 To edit the message text turn the large right knob to highlight the desired message...

Страница 170: ...Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group To select a menu option from the Utility Page 1 Press the small right knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor Figure 10 29 2 Turn the large r...

Страница 171: ...to pass built in RAIM tests When this occurs the GPS receiver continues to provide navigation information but should not be used for primary navigation guidance Use the GNS 430 s VLOC receiver or anot...

Страница 172: ...large right knobs to enter each checklist item followed each time by the ENT Key Each checklist may contain up to 30 line items of as much as 16 characters long To execute a checklist 1 With the Check...

Страница 173: ...arge right knob to select Copy Checklist and press the ENT Key to copy the checklist to an empty checklist memory location To sort the checklists by name or entry 1 With the Checklists Page displayed...

Страница 174: ...d reset mode Figure 10 38 Pwr on records a departure time when the GNS 430 is turned on GS 30kt records a departure time once the GPS computed ground speed exceeds 30 knots Figure 10 38 Reset Mode Win...

Страница 175: ...set Odometer Resets odometer readout only Reset All Resets all trip statistics readouts 3 Turn the large right knob to select the desired reset option and press the ENT Key Utility Page RAIM Predictio...

Страница 176: ...ll ight phases including non precision approaches NOTE RAIM computations predict satellite coverage within 15 minutes of the speci ed arrival date and time Refer to Section 10 4 for speci c informatio...

Страница 177: ...is page Figure 10 48 Software Versions Page Utility Page Database Versions The Database Versions Page Figure 10 49 displays the navigation database type and version information as well as the land dat...

Страница 178: ...use airspace message alerts on or off This does not affect the alerts listed on the Nearest Airspace Page or the airspace boundaries depicted on the Map Page It simply turns on off the warning provide...

Страница 179: ...ales An auto ILS CDI selection allows the GNS 430 to automatically switch the external CDI from the GPS receiver to the VLOC receiver when established on the nal approach course Section 6 3 Or select...

Страница 180: ...rrent local time UTC also called GMT or zulu date and time are calculated directly from the GPS satellites signals and cannot be changed To use local time simply designate the offset by adding or subt...

Страница 181: ...scale The selected scale and any lower scale settings are used during the various phases of ight as described at the beginning of this section 3 Press the ENT Key to accept the selected scale The Sys...

Страница 182: ...To set the magnetic variation 1 Select Units Mag Var from the Setup 1 Page Figure 10 61 using the steps described at the beginning of this section Figure 10 61 Units Mag Var Highlighted 2 The ashing...

Страница 183: ...ategory Press the ENT Key to accept the selection Setup 1 Page Position Format Map Datum To change the position format 1 Select Position Format Map Datum from the Setup 1 Page Figure 10 64 using the s...

Страница 184: ...ates For use outside the U S select the geodetic datum required by that country See complete listing of map datums in Appendix C Setup 1 Page Date Time To display local time or UTC 1 Select Date Time...

Страница 185: ...e original factory settings 1 Select the desired menu option from the Setup 1 Page using the steps described at the beginning of this section 2 Press the MENU Key to display the Date Time Page Menu Fi...

Страница 186: ...irport Criteria De nes the minimum runway length and surface type used when determining the nine nearest airports to display on the Nearest Airport Page A minimum runway length and or surface type may...

Страница 187: ...ed mode Auto or Manual Press the ENT Key to accept the selection 4 If Manual is selected the ashing cursor moves to the contrast level eld Turn the small right knob to select the desired level Press t...

Страница 188: ...rsor highlights the channel spacing eld Figure 10 78 Turn the small right knob to select the desired channel spacing 8 33 kHz or 25 0 kHz Press the ENT Key when nished Figure 10 78 Channel Spacing Win...

Страница 189: ...n Operating Criteria The Garmin TERRAIN system requires the following to operate properly The system must have a valid 3D GPS position solution The system must have valid terrain and obstacle database...

Страница 190: ...the TERRAIN Page and its operation Potential Impact Point Unlighted Obstacle Projected Flight Path 1000 AGL 100 Threshold Figure 11 2 TERRAIN Altitude Color Correlation Color Interpretation The Garmi...

Страница 191: ...n on the Terrain Database Versions Page located in the AUX Page Group Figure 11 3 Databases are checked for integrity at power up If a database is found to be missing and or de cient the TERRAIN syste...

Страница 192: ...ture Descent Alerting PDA section Section 11 3 the Garmin TERRAIN premature descent alerting PDA algorithms utilize data contained in the Navigation Database It is therefore important to also have the...

Страница 193: ...Figure 11 4 affect how the TERRAIN system performs The NearestAirportListisusedtoderivetheterraindestination airport when there is no loaded active ight plan or when deviating from the active ight pl...

Страница 194: ...S Position GPS MSL Altitude The Garmin TERRAIN system utilizes terrain and obstacle databases that are referenced to Mean Sea Level MSL Using the GPS Position and GPS MSL Altitude GarminTERRAINportray...

Страница 195: ...ed Terrain Clearance RTC Avoidance Provides alerts when the aircraft ight path is above terrain yet is projected to come within minimum clearance values outlined in Table 11 3 When an RTC alert is iss...

Страница 196: ...ert is also provided Figure 11 7 TERRAIN AHEAD Alert ashing Premature Descent Alerting PDA The TERRAIN system issues a Premature Descent alert when the system detects that the aircraft is signi cantly...

Страница 197: ...1 nm of the threshold Runway Threshold Final Approach Fix 200 below FAF Altitude 15 nm CAUTION PDA Alert is 0 7 Below Glideslope Glideslope Intercept 0 5 nm Figure 11 9 ILS Approach PDA Alert Thresho...

Страница 198: ...cally known for the segment prior to the nal approach x and for step down xes prior to the missed approach point Minimumdescentaltitudes decisionaltitudes anddecision heights are not known for instrum...

Страница 199: ...failed Figure 11 11 Figure 11 11 TERRAIN has failed Message TERRAIN Not Available Alert The TERRAIN system requires a 3D GPS navigation solution along with speci c vertical accuracy minimums Should t...

Страница 200: ...None TERRAIN Not Available None Required Terrain Clearance RTC Advisory Required Terrain Clearance RTC Alert FLASHING FLASHING Imminent Terrain Impact ITI Advisory Imminent Terrain Impact ITI Alert F...

Страница 201: ...Upon detection the exclusion function excludes one or more failed satellites and prevent them from being used during navigation This allows the GPS to return to normal performance without interruption...

Страница 202: ...erminal Arrival Routes STARs if a NOTAM indicates a GPS satellite or satellites is scheduled to be out of service per FAA AC 90 100 U S Terminal and En Route Area Navigation RNAV Operations Prior to d...

Страница 203: ...s Rosetta or Shadin and it is not being received Or the data was being received but has been interrupted If a grey code altitude input is available it is used instead If the problem persists contact a...

Страница 204: ...o system communication between the main processor and the COM transceiver has failed Operational status of the COM transceiver is unknown and the unit should be returned to a Garmin dealer for service...

Страница 205: ...in the new databasemust be manually veri ed This message occurs each time a ight plan containing a modi ed procedure generated from a prior database version is activated To eliminate the message re c...

Страница 206: ...r is not available and the unit should be returned to a Garmin dealer for service GPS is not responding Internal system to system communication between the main processor and the GPS receiver has fail...

Страница 207: ...eing received No altitude data is being received from RS 232 Serializer Icarus Rosetta or Shadin or grey code inputs If the problem persists contact a Garmin dealer and check the installation and inst...

Страница 208: ...xist to meet the required protection limits Select an alternate source for navigation guidance such as the GNS 430 s VLOC receiver for a VOR or localizer based approach RAIM position warning Although...

Страница 209: ...terrain con guration Terrain has failed The terrain functionality self test has failed The operational status of the terrain components is unknown and the unit should be returned to a Garmin dealer fo...

Страница 210: ...entered for a user waypoint already exists in memory Waypoint s have been replaced One or more user waypoints were updated during a unit to unit cross ll operation Waypoint memory is full The pilot h...

Страница 211: ...rse Deviation Indicator CLR Clear COM Communications Transceiver CRSR Cursor CTA ICAO Control Area CTAF Common Traf c Advisory Frequency CTR Center ARTCC CTS Course To Steer CUM Cumulative DB Database...

Страница 212: ...kph Kilometers Per Hour kt Knots LAT LON Latitude Longitude lb Pounds LCL Local LFOB Left over Fuel On Board LOC Localizer LRES Left over Fuel Reserve Time Lrg Large lt Liters M Degrees Magnetic m Met...

Страница 213: ...ecial Use Airspace T Degree True TACAN Tactical Air Navigation TAS True Airspeed TAT Total Air Temperature TEMP Temperature TERM Terminal TKE Track Angle Error TMA ICAO Terminal Control Area TRANS Tra...

Страница 214: ...tion to steer in order to reduce course error or stay on course Provides the most ef cient heading to get back to the desired course and proceed along the ight plan CUM cumulative The total of all leg...

Страница 215: ...left over fuel reserve The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of a one or more legs of a ight plan or a direct to expressed in time and based upon a known fuel consumption ow rate...

Страница 216: ...GNS 430 Pilot s Guide and Reference SECTION 13 MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS NAV TERMS 13 14 Blank Page...

Страница 217: ...izes Pressing the ENT Key will manually re initialize the unit Figure A 1 Data Card Slot Locations Terrain Data Card Slot right hand slot NavData Card Slot left hand slot NOTE There are two data card...

Страница 218: ...t the front center of the data card This partially deploys the swing arm handle 2 Rotate the swing arm handle upward and outward until it locks into place perpendicular to the face of the GNS 430 unit...

Страница 219: ...ts maximum velocity 6g maximum acceleration VHF COM PERFORMANCE Channels 760 25 kHz spacing or 2280 8 33 kHz spacing Frequency Range 118 000 MHz to 136 975 MHz Transmit Power 10 watts minimum 430 16 w...

Страница 220: ...GNS 430 Pilot s Guide and Reference APPENDIX B SPECIFICATIONS B 2 Blank Page...

Страница 221: ...nd Indonesia Dos 1968 Gizo Island New Georgia Islands Easter Island 1967 Easter Island European 1950 Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Gibraltar Greece Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway...

Страница 222: ...Value Old Hawaiian Oahu Oahu Oman Oman Ord Srv Grt Britain England Isle of Man Scotland Shetland Islands Wales Pico De Las Nieves Canary Islands Pitcairn Astro 1967 Pitcairn Island PORTUGUESE 1973 Po...

Страница 223: ...ches During oceanic enroute and terminal phases of ight RAIM is available nearly 100 of the time Because of the tighter protection limit on approaches there may be times when RAIM is not available The...

Страница 224: ...procedure has not been modi ed If an approach departure or arrival procedure is no longer available the ight plan becomes locked until the procedure is deleted from the ight plan or the correct databa...

Страница 225: ...point provided the active waypoint is not the last waypoint Refer to Section 6 2 for an example using the OBS Key One application for the OBS Key is holding patterns The OBS Key is used to suspend way...

Страница 226: ...matic sequencing is enabled i e no OBS or SUSP annunciation directly above the OBS Key For automatic sequencing to occur the aircraft must also cross the bisector of the turn being navigated The bisec...

Страница 227: ...int of the turn For more information on waypoint alerts and turn advisories see Sections 6 2 and 6 3 When does the CDI scale change and what does it change to The GNS 430 begins a smooth CDI scale tra...

Страница 228: ...the same approach or activate a new approach after a missed approach After ying all missed approach procedures the pilot mayreactivatethesameapproachforanotherattemptfrom the Procedures Page Once giv...

Страница 229: ...Backlighting 10 28 13 2 13 3 Baro corrected altitude 11 6 Bearing 1 6 1 11 1 12 3 3 3 7 3 12 3 13 3 20 3 21 5 9 5 13 8 4 8 6 8 8 8 9 13 9 13 12 Bottom row keys 1 4 C Cautions v 11 4 11 10 CDI key 1 4...

Страница 230: ...10 16 GPS iv GPS MSL altitude 11 6 11 10 GPS receiver status 3 22 3 23 GPS window 1 9 Graphic track indicator 3 19 Ground speed 1 11 1 12 3 3 3 6 3 13 3 19 3 23 3 24 6 23 6 25 10 3 10 5 10 7 10 12 10...

Страница 231: ...2 8 4 8 5 10 28 Nearest airspace 1 15 Nearest ARTCC 1 15 2 4 8 8 Nearest FSS 1 15 8 2 8 9 Nearest intersection page 1 15 Nearest NDB page 1 15 Nearest user waypoints page 1 15 Nearest VOR page 1 15 NR...

Страница 232: ...1 7 Terrain separation iv Timers 10 12 10 15 Track TRK 1 6 1 11 1 12 3 3 3 6 3 10 3 12 3 13 3 14 3 19 3 23 5 8 6 15 6 23 6 25 6 30 6 33 10 3 10 7 10 21 13 7 13 12 13 13 D 6 Transitions 5 11 5 12 6 1 6...

Страница 233: ......

Страница 234: ...97302 U S A p 503 391 3411 f 503 364 2138 Garmin Europe Ltd Unit 5 The Quadrangle Abbey Park Industrial Estate Romsey SO51 9DL U K p 44 0870 8501241 f 44 0870 8501251 Garmin Corporation No 68 Jangshu...

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