Retina Users Manual
Glossary
Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN):
The full domain name of a system, rather than just its hostname. For
example, "brick" is a hostname and "brick.eeye.com" is an FQDN.
G
Gateway:
The original Internet term for what is now called router or more precisely, IP router. In modern usage, the
terms "gateway" and "application gateway" refer to systems that do translation from some native format to another.
H
Hacker:
A person who delights in having an intimate understanding of the internal workings of a system, computers
and computer networks in particular. The term is often misused in a pejorative context, where "cracker" is the correct
term.
Header:
The portion of a packet, preceding the actual data, containing source and destination addresses, error
checking and other fields. A header is also the part of an electronic mail message that precedes the body of a
message and contains, among other things, the message originator, date and time.
Heterogeneous Network:
A network running multiple network layer protocols, operating systems, and vendor
implementations.
Hierarchical Routing:
The complex problem of routing on large networks can be simplified by reducing the size of
the networks. This is accomplished by breaking a network into a hierarchy of networks, where each level is
responsible for its own routing.
The Internet has three levels: the backbones, the midlevel, and the stub networks. The backbones know how to route
between the midlevel, the midlevel knows how to route between the sites, and each site (being an autonomous
system) knows how to route internally.
Hop:
A term used in routing. A path to a destination on a network is a series of hops, through routers, away from the
origin.
Host:
A node on the network. Usually refers to a computer that both initiates and accepts network connections.
Host Address:
See: Internet address
Hostname:
The name assigned to a machine. See also: Fully Qualified Domain Name.
Hub:
A device connected to several other devices. In ARCNet, a hub is used to connect several computers together.
In a message handling service, a hub is used for the transfer of messages across the network.
I
IEEE:
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF:
See: Internet Engineering Task Force
International Organization for Standardization (ISO):
A voluntary, non-treaty organization founded in 1946 which is
responsible for creating international standards in many areas, including computers and communications. Its
members are the national standards organizations of the 89 member countries, including ANSI for the U.S. See also:
American National Standards Institute and Open Systems Interconnection.
Internet:
(note the capital "I") The largest Internet in the world consisting of large national backbone nets (such as
MILNET, NSFNET, and CREN) and a myriad of regional and local campus networks all over the world.
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