Retina Users Manual
Glossary
ARP:
Address Resolution Protocol. Used to dynamically discover the low-level physical network hardware address
that corresponds to the high level IP address for a given host. ARP is limited to physical network systems that support
broadcast packets that can be heard by all hosts on the network. It is defined in RFC 826.
ARPANET:
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network—a pioneering long haul network funded by ARPA (now
DARPA). It served as the basis for early networking research, as well as a central backbone during the development
of the Internet. The ARPANET consisted of individual packet switching computers interconnected by leased lines.
ASCII:
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a standard character-to-number encoding widely
used in the computer industry.
ATM:
Asynchronous Transfer Mode. It is a method for the dynamic allocation of bandwidth using a fixed-size packet
(called a cell). ATM is also known as "fast packet.”
Authentication:
The verification of the identity of a person or process.
B
Backbone:
The primary connectivity mechanism of a hierarchical distributed system. All systems that have
connectivity to an intermediate system on the backbone are assured of connectivity to each other.
This does not prevent systems from setting up private arrangements with each other to bypass the backbone for
reasons of cost, performance, or security.
Bandwidth:
Technically, the difference, in Hertz (Hz), between the highest and lowest frequencies of a transmission
channel. However, as typically used, the amount of data that can be sent through a given communications circuit.
BIND:
Berkeley Internet Name Domain. The implementation of a DNS server developed and distributed by the
University of California at Berkeley. BIND provides an automatic means of hostname to IP address resolution.
BOOTP:
The Bootstrap Protocol, described in RFCs 951 and 1084, is used for booting diskless nodes. See also:
RARP.
Bridge:
A device that connects two or more physical networks, and forwards packets between them. Bridges can
usually be made to filter packets—that is, to forward only certain traffic.
Devices related to bridges include repeaters, which simply forward electrical signals from one cable to another, and
full-fledged routers, which make routing decisions based on several criteria.
Broadband:
A transmission medium capable of supporting a wide range of frequencies. It can carry multiple signals
by dividing the total capacity of the medium into multiple, independent bandwidth channels, where each channel
operates only on a specific range of frequencies.
Broadcast:
A special type of multicast packet, which all nodes on the network are always willing to receive.
Broadcast Storm:
An incorrect packet broadcast onto a network that causes multiple hosts to respond all at once—
typically with equally incorrect packets, which causes the storm to grow exponentially in severity.
Brouter:
A device that bridges some packets (i.e., forwards based on data link layer information) and routes other
packets (i.e., forwards based on network layer information). The bridge/route decision is based on configuration
information.
C
CERT:
See Computer Emergency Response Team.
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