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AUDIO CONTROL
16.5 AUDIO PROCESS
Most audio processors use a combination of internal compressors, limiters, and clippers that attempt to reduce the
dynamics, by reducing the modulation peaks and increasing the average ratio in each stage of the audio signal
processing. A cascade arrangement of the compressor, limiter, and clipper produces the best results. The first stage of
the process generally runs slowly and then the audio transformation generally speeds up progressively during the
various subsequent stages, becoming increasingly aggressive as the audio moves along the DSP processor chain. In
conjunction with this, the final stage of the chain contains the peak clipper and a look-ahead limiter, which sets the final
level of the peak on various levels.
The examples below help to explain some of the audio processes generally used in the Falcon XT audio sound
processor. The images below show first the compression of the input dynamics, then the limiting, and lastly the peak
clipping.
Original waveform
Compression:
Compression of the dynamics reduces the dynamic range of the audio waveform very slowly, in the same way as a
trained operator would edit the gain. Compression is generally performed on the audio signal (RMS) and the
compression ratio is usually settable. Gated compression can be set, i.e. closed/still/non-operational, so as to reduce the
noise during the moments of silence, or when there is no audio signal applied to the audio processor input.
Limiting:
Limiting is a faster form of compression that uses faster time and constant compression ratios (higher than normal) to
produce a denser sound, while the peaks are controlled according to the total peak level of the audio waveform. Too high
a limiting value could lead to a wall of sound which is unpleasant to the human ear.
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