Autodesk 057A1-05A111-1001 - AutoCAD LT 2009 Скачать руководство пользователя

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Содержание 057A1-05A111-1001 - AutoCAD LT 2009

Страница 1: ...January 2008 Getting Started ...

Страница 2: ...gn Your World design logo DWF DWG DWG logo DWG TrueConvert DWG TrueView DXF EditDV Education by Design Extending the Design Team FBX Filmbox FMDesktop Freewheel GDX Driver Gmax Heads up Design Heidi HOOPS HumanIK i drop iMOUT Incinerator IntroDV Inventor Inventor LT Kaydara Kaydara design logo LocationLogic Lustre Maya Mechanical Desktop MotionBuilder ObjectARX ObjectDBX Open Reality PolarSnap Por...

Страница 3: ...troduction 21 Why You Should Use this Guide 22 Tutorials and Command Access 22 Get Additional Information 23 Chapter 2 Work with Commands 29 Use the Mouse 30 Cancel a Command 30 Start a Command 30 Undo or Redo Commands 34 Chapter 3 Change Views 37 Zoom to Magnify a View 38 Pan to Reposition a View 39 Chapter 4 Drawing Setup 43 Start a Drawing 44 Plan the Drawing Units and Scale 46 Understand Model...

Страница 4: ...nd Trim Objects 87 Duplicate Objects 90 Move and Rotate Objects 93 Fillet Corners 94 Use Editing Aids 109 Analyze Drawings 111 Chapter 8 Add Symbols and Hatches 115 Overview of Blocks 116 Insert Blocks 117 Overview of Hatches 119 Insert Hatches or Solid Fills 120 Chapter 9 Add Text to a Drawing 125 Create and Modify Text 126 Work with Text Styles 128 Set Text Size for the Viewport Scaling 129 Chap...

Страница 5: ...Contents v Chapter 11 Create Layouts and Plots 147 Work with Layouts 148 Choose and Configure Plotters 151 Plot from a Layout 153 Glossary 159 Index 169 ...

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Страница 7: ...Make the Transition from Paper to CAD ...

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Страница 9: ...AD LT you first decide what units of measurement you will use and then draw your model at 1 1 scale For example when you draw a motor part the length of one unit might equal one millimeter or one inch When you draw a map one unit might equal one kilometer or one mile This drawing of a mechanical carriage uses millimeters for the length of one unit Views of the part were scaled later to create the ...

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Страница 11: ...alled model space You can then create a layout for that model in an environment called paper space A layout represents a drawing sheet It typically contains a border title block dimensions general notes and one or more views of the model displayed in layout viewports Layout viewports are areas similar to picture frames or windows through which you can see your model You scale the views in viewport...

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Страница 13: ...ivalent to transparent overlays As with overlays you can display edit and print layers separately or in combination You can name layers to help track content and lock layers so they can t be altered Assigning settings such as color linetype or lineweight to layers helps you comply with industry standards You can also use layers to organize drawing objects for plotting Assigning a plot style to a l...

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Страница 15: ...standards by creating styles that you can apply consistently You can create styles for text dimensions and linetypes A text style for example establishes font and format characteristics such as height width and slant You can save styles layers layouts title block and border information and some command settings in drawing template files Using drawing templates helps you quickly start new drawings ...

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Страница 17: ...asers Repetitive drawing and editing tasks must be done manually In AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT you can choose from a variety of drawing tools that create lines circles spline curves and more You can easily move copy offset rotate and mirror objects You can also copy objects between open drawings In this drawing of a trolley copying and mirroring were used to create repeated and symmetrical features Of...

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Страница 19: ...tes Coordinates specify a drawing location by indicating a point along an X and Y axis or a distance and angle from another point With object snaps you can snap to locations on existing objects such as an endpoint of an arc the midpoint of a line or the center point of a circle With polar tracking you can snap to previously set angles and specify distances along those angles In this drawing of a p...

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Страница 21: ...hanged as needed To do detailed work you can increase display size by zooming in You can zoom out to display more of the drawing To move to another section of a drawing you pan the drawing without changing magnification You can zoom and pan to create the best working conditions This can be invaluable when working on large and detailed drawings such as this health spa plan You can zoom out to see m...

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Страница 23: ...paper space Associative dimensions are tied to the underlying model Changes to the model automatically update the dimension values Standard types of dimensions include linear radial ordinate angular baseline and more You can easily revise the content font size spacing and rotation of text in dimensions and notes In this detail drawing of a gutter the text leaders and dimensions describe the requir...

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Страница 25: ...draw it If you need to remove an object you can erase it with a few clicks of the mouse And if you make an error you can quickly undo your actions Once you draw an object you never need to redraw it You can modify existing objects by mirroring rotating scaling stretching trimming and more You can also change object properties such as linetype lineweight color and layer at any time These before and...

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Страница 27: ...Introduction Why You Should Use this Guide 22 Tutorials and Command Access 22 Get Additional Information 23 ...

Страница 28: ...t started What is the recommended method for using the features presented After you become more familiar with the features you will find your own ways of working efficiently based on the type of work that you do Tutorials and Command Access There are severals ways you can access commands in AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT They can be accessed through the command line the ribbon toolbars palettes and the Me...

Страница 29: ...ures Workshop provides a series of overviews about new features Additional Resources provides several options for additional help from the Web Access Related Topics in the Help System Keyword references are displayed at the end of most Getting Started topics For example the following information indicates that you can find concepts procedures commands and system variables related to the LINE comma...

Страница 30: ... pane of the Help window click the Contents tab if necessary to display the table of contents Then click the plus sign next to User s Guide The User s Guide expands to display a list of chapters 3 In the left pane click directly on the title Start Organize and Save a Drawing The right pane of the Help window displays links to several topics with descriptions for each one 4 In the right pane click ...

Страница 31: ...ab You will now locate topics that contain the word layout 8 Type the word layout and press ENTER Several topics that contain the word layout are displayed For the best results enter several keywords or an exact phrase in quotes NOTE You can click the column labeled Title to sort the list of topics alphabetically Then click the column labeled Location to sort the list of topics by book Command Ref...

Страница 32: ...o find related topics easily NOTE If the table of contents does not automatically open to the current topic click the Concept tab in the right pane 11 In the left pane right click any topic and then click Close All This is a quick method for collapsing the table of contents when too many subtopics are displayed 12 Close the Help window ...

Страница 33: ...1 What is the purpose of the tabs in the right pane of the Help window 2 In the left pane of the Help window when would you use the Contents tab rather than the Index tab 3 From what menu can you get information about new features To get started Action Menu Browser Access the Help system Help Help Use New Features Workshop Help New Features Workshop Find training resources Help Additional Resource...

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Страница 35: ...Work with Commands Use the Mouse 30 Cancel a Command 30 Start a Command 30 Undo or Redo Commands 34 ...

Страница 36: ...s wheel can be rotated or pressed down to zoom and pan your drawing quickly It is highly recommended that you use a wheel mouse Cancel a Command If you accidentally click in the screen display a shortcut menu or start a command you can always escape by pressing the ESC key on your keyboard Try it Cancel a selection Click in the drawing area and move the mouse You are now in an object selection mod...

Страница 37: ... commands have abbreviated names or command aliases For example you can enter c as an alias for CIRCLE After you type the command on the command line press ENTER or SPACEBAR to start the command You can also repeat the previous command by pressing ENTER or SPACEBAR NOTE In this guide and in the Help system when you are instructed to enter something type the bold face value on the command line and ...

Страница 38: ...The prompt changes Specify Next Point or Undo 3 At the Specify Next Point or Undo prompt click anywhere else in the drawing area to specify the endpoint of the line segment 4 Create a second line segment by clicking again to locate another point The Specify Next Point or Undo prompt is repeated so you can continue to draw segments until you end the LINE command 5 Press ENTER to end the LINE comman...

Страница 39: ...w a circle 1 On the command line enter circle or the letter c type c and press ENTER 2 At the Specify Center Point for Circle prompt click anywhere in the drawing area to locate a point 3 At the Specify Radius of Circle prompt enter 5 type 5 and press ENTER 4 On the command line press ENTER to repeat the CIRCLE command 5 Enter 2P to create a circle using two points type 2P and press ENTER 6 Click ...

Страница 40: ...mple click Redo to restore the object that you just undid Review and Recall 1 What are three ways that you can start a command 2 What other key can you use to end or repeat a command in addition to ENTER 3 What should you do to cancel a command To get started Action Shortcut Menu Keyboard End a command Right click Enter ENTER or SPACEBAR Repeat a command Right click Repeat action ENTER or SPACEBAR...

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Страница 42: ...modify objects in this drawing by zooming in to magnify the view After you finish working on an area you can zoom out to get a better overall view Once you have zoomed in you can pan the view to center the objects you are working on ...

Страница 43: ...Change Views Zoom to Magnify a View 38 Pan to Reposition a View 39 ...

Страница 44: ...or up to zoom in drag it down to zoom out If you use a wheel mouse rotate the top of the wheel forward to zoom in and rotate it backward to zoom out Zoom to a Specified Area With the Window option of the ZOOM command you can quickly zoom in on a specific area by using the mouse to define a rectangular zoom window The area you define is centered in the new view Zoom to Display the Entire Drawing Us...

Страница 45: ... commands in the Menu Browser or directly with a wheel mouse 1 Click Menu Browser File Open 2 In the Open dialog box find the Sample folder in the AutoCAD or AutoCAD LT program files folder Click on each drawing file and open one that looks interesting 3 Click Menu Browser View Zoom Window 4 Click somewhere near the center of the drawing Move your cursor to form a rectangular area and click again ...

Страница 46: ... and backward to zoom in and out Notice that your cursor location determines the stationary reference point of your zoom operation Press the wheel down and drag the view to pan it Double click the wheel to zoom to the extents of the drawing 9 Close the sample drawing without saving it Review and Recall 1 What ZOOM option should you use to fit your entire drawing into the drawing area 2 What is a f...

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Страница 48: ...rganize information as if on transparent drawing overlays Assign standard lineweights to ensure that lines will plot the same way regardless of drawing scale Use various linetypes to help identify different types of objects ...

Страница 49: ...Drawing Setup Start a Drawing 44 Plan the Drawing Units and Scale 46 Understand Models and Layouts 48 Organize Drawings with Layers 50 Tutorial Tour a Drawing 52 ...

Страница 50: ...elements that you will use often such as Unit type and precision Tool settings and preferences Layer organization Title blocks borders and logos Dimension styles Text styles Linetypes and lineweights Plot styles Your product includes several drawing template files including some that facilitate compliance with ANSI DIN ISO and JIS standards Nevertheless it is very likely that you will customize on...

Страница 51: ...utorial mArch dwt Sample architectural template metric Tutorial mMfg dwt Sample mechanical design template metric Tutorial iArch dwt Sample architectural template imperial Tutorial iMfg dwt Sample mechanical design template imperial The metric template files are scaled to use millimeters as the drawing unit and the imperial template files are scaled to use inches as the drawing unit ...

Страница 52: ...eter one meter or one mile Before you begin drawing you decide what one drawing unit will represent there is no setting that determines the length of a drawing unit Set the Format of Drawing Units After you decide what drawing units to use you can set the format of the drawing units The format settings available for linear units are as follows Architectural A length of 15 5 units displays as 1 3 1...

Страница 53: ...f the drawing units on screen such as in the display of coordinates and values in the Properties palette dialog boxes and prompts Try it Check the drawing unit format and precision 1 Click Menu Browser Format Units In the Drawing Units dialog box notice the display style selected for linear and for angular units NOTE Think of this dialog box as the Drawing Units Format dialog box 2 Notice the valu...

Страница 54: ...t you set the drawing unit format Then you draw at 1 1 scale Layout space accesses drawing layouts When you set up a layout you specify the paper size you want to use The layout represents a printed drawing sheet in which you can display one or more views of the model at various scales This layout environment is called paper space Here you create layout viewports that act as windows into model spa...

Страница 55: ...n clicking Hide Model and Layout tabs from the shortcut menu 3 Click the layout tab to the right of the Model tab Layouts are used to create printed drawings The layout has already been prepared including a sample title block and a layout viewport the blue rectangle 4 On the layout double click anywhere within the rectangular viewport area This is how you access model space from a layout to pan th...

Страница 56: ... want to view or plot electrical objects you can turn off that layer NOTE It is very important to establish and maintain a company wide layer standard With a layer standard drawing organization will be more logical consistent compatible and maintainable over time Layer standards are essential for team projects Try it Display the list of layers in a drawing 1 Click Menu Browser Format Layer 2 In th...

Страница 57: ...ou frequently need to switch a layer s visibility Freeze layers Use this option if you don t need a layer to be visible for a long time Thawing a frozen layer causes an automatic regeneration of the drawing and is slower than turning a layer on Lock layers Use this option to prevent objects on a layer from being modified You can still use the objects on a locked layer for operations that don t mod...

Страница 58: ...ghlighted 5 Zoom and pan in model space to inspect the arbor design 6 Perform a Zoom Extents to display the entire design 7 Click the ANSI C Layout tab 8 Zoom and pan in paper space to inspect the drawing layout 9 Perform a Zoom Extents to display the entire layout 10 Click Menu browser Format Layer In the Layer Properties Manager review the list of layers that were created to organize this drawin...

Страница 59: ...hat is the difference between the Model tab and a layout tab 4 What are several benefits to creating a drawing with layers To get started Action Menu Browser Icon Start a new drawing File New Save a drawing template File Save As Set the display style of the units Format Units Create a layout Insert Layout New Layout Create and modify layers Format Layer Help system NEW SAVEAS STARTUP UNITS MODEL L...

Страница 60: ...nes for drawing objects and for construction geometry Use circles and arcs to create regular curves Offset lines to create parallel lines Use polylines to combine line and arc segments Use splines to create smooth non uniform curves ...

Страница 61: ...Draw Objects Object Properties Overview 56 Draw Lines 64 Draw Circles and Arcs 67 ...

Страница 62: ...n Object Properties Typically you assign object properties using one of the following strategies By layer Properties are assigned to a layer Objects that are drawn on that layer automatically use those properties Individual properties Properties are assigned to objects individually regardless of the layer that they are drawn on Color Linetype scale Hyperlink Layer Plot style Lineweight Linetype Th...

Страница 63: ...lick one of the drawing template files and then click Open 3 Click Menu Browser Modify Properties Leaving the palette open keeps it handy You can turn on Auto hide to make the Properties palette appear and disappear when your cursor moves over the Properties palette title bar Try it Change the Auto hide behavior of the Properties palette 1 Right click the Properties palette title bar Click Auto hi...

Страница 64: ...rties settings 5 Click a dimension object in the drawing to select it Notice that several properties of this object are displayed in the Properties panel on the ribbon The layer of the object is Dimension The color linetype and lineweight properties of the object are set to ByLayer The color of the Dimension layer is red 6 Move your cursor onto the title bar of the Properties palette to open it Ex...

Страница 65: ...t 2 Properties panel Click the Color control Click Magenta The color of the selected object changes to magenta overriding the green color of the object s layer If you change the layer color the dimension object s color will remain magenta 3 Press ESC to exit 4 Click the same dimension object 5 Click the Color control and click ByLayer This restores the color property behavior of the dimension obje...

Страница 66: ...yer the current layer 6 On the Layers panel click the Layer control again 7 Click the lightbulb image for the Dimension layer to turn it off Then click anywhere in the drawing area All objects on the Dimension layer are now hidden 8 Use the Layer Properties Manager to turn the Dimension layer back on 9 Close the drawing without saving it ...

Страница 67: ...owser File New and select a drawing template file 2 Click Menu Browser Format Linetype 3 In the Linetype Manager click Load 4 In the Load or Reload Linetypes dialog box scroll down the list of linetypes and click HIDDENX2 Click OK 5 Click Show Details Several linetype scaling options are displayed Notice the Use Paper Space Units for Scaling option You check this option if you want linetypes autom...

Страница 68: ...netypes the length of dashes and dots and the space between them may increase or decrease You can set the scaling to correspond to the model or layout scale or to remain the same at any zoom scale Use the Details area of the Linetype Manager to control the linetype scale in layout viewports Global Scale Factor Sets the global scale factor for all linetypes Current Object Scale Sets the linetype sc...

Страница 69: ...20 4 Click Display Lineweight and click OK Notice that the Properties panel displays the new lineweight as current From now on objects that are created will be displayed using the heavier lineweight 5 Click Menu Browser Draw Line and draw several line segments Press ENTER 6 Use the Lineweight Settings dialog box or the Properties toolbar to return the current linetype to BYLAYER From now on object...

Страница 70: ...bjects is a very efficient construction method Try it Offset a line to create parallel lines 1 Draw a line 2 Click Menu Browser Modify Offset 3 At the offset distance prompt enter 10 4 Click the line that you want to offset 5 Click on one side of the line 6 Press ENTER to end the command Draw Polylines and Polygons A polyline is a connected sequence of line or arc segments created as a single obje...

Страница 71: ...ts all belong to a single object You can include arc segments in polylines Try it Create a polyline with arc segments 1 Click Menu Browser Draw Polyline 2 Draw a polyline segment 1 and 2 3 At the next prompt enter a to switch to Arc mode and continue with an arc segment 3 4 Enter L to return to Line mode and then draw another line segment 5 End the command Try it Create a rectangle 1 Click Menu Br...

Страница 72: ... one of the following Move the cursor and click a location Enter a distance The resulting object is also a closed polyline You can draw polylines of various widths by using the Width and Halfwidth options after you specify a starting point for a polyline You can also make polyline segments taper Once you create a polyline you can Separate the polyline into independent segments with the EXPLODE com...

Страница 73: ...nt to two existing objects Create the circle tangent to two objects and specify a radius Draw Arcs To create arcs you can specify various combinations of center endpoint start point radius angle chord length and direction values The following examples illustrate three ways to specify two points and an included angle radius 1 1 3 2 center 2 radius tangent objects Center radius Two points defining d...

Страница 74: ... creating parallel lines and curves 5 What type of object is composed of a series of connected segments To get started Action Menu Browser Icon Set properties Modify menu Properties Load scale and manage linetypes Format Linetype Change lineweight settings Format Lineweight Draw lines Draw Line Draw parallel lines Modify Offset Draw polylines Draw Polyline Draw polygons Draw Polygon Separate polyl...

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Страница 76: ...points precisely Turn on polar tracking to draw along specified angles Turn on Ortho to draw horizontal and vertical lines Turn on Grid and Snap to draw within a predefined framework Use object snaps to locate precise points on objects ...

Страница 77: ...Precision Drawing Set Grid and Snap Values 72 Draw with Coordinates 74 Snap to Precise Points on Objects 76 Object Snap Descriptions 78 Specify Angles and Distances 79 ...

Страница 78: ...al You might set a wide grid spacing to be used as a reference but maintain a closer snap spacing for accuracy in specifying points For example you might set the grid spacing to 10 times the snap spacing in a metric drawing or 12 times the snap spacing in an imperial drawing Try it Constrain the cursor with Snap 1 Start a new drawing 2 Click the Snap button on the status bar Notice that the button...

Страница 79: ...3 In the Drafting Settings dialog box specify new spacings for Grid and Snap Click OK 4 Turn on Grid and Snap Set Grid Limits Try it Change the grid limits 1 Click Menu Browser Format Drawing Limits 2 Click two points to represent the lower left and the upper right corners of a rectangular area 3 Repeat using two different points Grid limits shown by range of grid dots ...

Страница 80: ...g the X axis and 3 units along the Y axis The origin 0 0 indicates where the two axes intersect Polar coordinates use a distance and an angle to locate a point For example the coordinates 5 30 specifies a point that is a distance of 5 units from the origin and at a 30 degree angle from the X axis You can use absolute or relative values with each method Absolute coordinate values are based on the o...

Страница 81: ...he absolute coordinates 2 1 start the next coordinates with the symbol Command line Specify first point 2 1 Specify next point or Undo 5 3 Entering 5 3 locates the same point in this example as entering 3 4 in the previous example NOTE Absolute coordinates are entered differently if the Dynamic Input button on the left side of the status bar is turned off In that case the is not used to specify ab...

Страница 82: ...r you are prompted for a point When you move your cursor over an object an active object snap point is identified with AutoSnap markers and tooltips Use Single Object Snaps At any prompt for a point you can specify a single object snap by holding down SHIFT right clicking and choosing an object snap from the Object Snap menu Once you have specified an object snap use the cursor to select a locatio...

Страница 83: ...f circles with a line You can set multiple running object snaps such as Endpoint and Center as running object snaps Running object snaps can be turned on and off from the status bar Try it Change the running object snap settings 1 Right click Object Snap on the status bar 2 On the shortcut menu click Settings 3 On the Drafting Settings dialog box select the object snaps you want to use Click OK 4 ...

Страница 84: ... intersections or for single object snaps locations where intersections would occur if objects were extended Center Center points of circles arcs or ellipses Quadrant Quadrants of arcs circles or ellipses Perpendicular Points on objects that form a perpendicular alignment with the last point specified Tangent Point on a circle or arc that when connected to the last point forms a line tangent to th...

Страница 85: ...owing that the lines are perpendicular Try it Use polar tracking 1 Click Polar Tracking on the status bar to turn it on 2 Draw several lines at 90 degrees from each other Specify Distances Use direct distance entry to specify an exact line length quickly by moving the cursor to indicate a direction and then entering the distance from the first point When polar tracking is on using direct distance ...

Страница 86: ...rt drawing a line at the coordinates 2 1 and want that line to be at a 10 degree angle with a length of 50 you would enter Command line Specify first point 2 1 Specify next point or Undo 10 Move the cursor in the desired direction Specify next point or Undo 50 Tutorial Draw with Precision In this tutorial you will practice using several precision tools to create the following drawing which can be ...

Страница 87: ... t matter but use reasonable distances for the design Press ENTER to end the command 3 Click Menu Browser Draw Circle Center Radius 4 Click a point to locate the center of the circle and then click another point to specify its radius 5 Turn Grid and Snap off Create a line using object snaps 1 Click Menu Browser Modify Erase The crosshairs cursor changes into a square pickbox cursor 2 Click directl...

Страница 88: ...your drawing area 2 The term origin refers to what coordinate values 3 Pressing SHIFT while you right click displays what shortcut menu 4 What button can you turn on to ensure that the line you are drawing is exactly vertical 5 What is meant by the term direct distance entry To get started Action Menu Browser Set Snap and Grid spacing Tools Drafting Settings Snap and Grid tab Use single object sna...

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Страница 90: ...act replica of objects across a mirror line Use DIST to measure the distance between two points Use FILLET to connect two lines with an arc Use OFFSET to create parallel lines and concentric circles Use TRIM to remove the parts of objects that extend beyond cutting edges that you specify ...

Страница 91: ...Make Modifications Select Objects to Edit 86 Erase Extend and Trim Objects 87 Duplicate Objects 90 Move and Rotate Objects 93 Fillet Corners 94 Use Editing Aids 109 Analyze Drawings 111 ...

Страница 92: ...thods to select objects are Select individual objects Click objects individually Specify a selection area Click a rectangular area around the objects to be selected Specify a Selection Area You can select objects by enclosing them in a rectangular selection area You define a rectangular selection area in the drawing area by clicking opposite corners The order in which you specify the corners makes...

Страница 93: ...lection to erase a section of piping Try it Practice using window and crossing selection 1 Click Menu Browser File New 2 Create some lines arcs and circles 3 Click Menu Browser Modify Erase 4 Select several objects using a crossing selection and press ENTER Notice which objects are selected and erased 5 Select several more objects using a window selection and press ENTER Again notice which objects...

Страница 94: ...ects prompt click the circle Notice that you select the boundary objects first The next step is easy to forget 4 Press ENTER to end boundary selection 5 At the next Select Objects prompt click one end of the line and then the other end of the line Press ENTER to end the command Trim Objects Trimming objects is very similar to extending them To trim you cut an object at an edge defined by one or mo...

Страница 95: ...m 3 At the Select Objects prompt click locations 1 and 2 as previously illustrated Notice that you select the boundary objects first 4 Press ENTER to end boundary selection 5 At the next Select Objects prompt click the vertical line at point 3 as shown Press ENTER to end the command NOTE With both EXTEND and TRIM you must accept the selection set of boundary objects by pressing ENTER and then sele...

Страница 96: ...direction of the copy The two points can be anywhere within the drawing For example in the following illustration the circle is copied from one rectangle to a corresponding location on the second rectangle Try it Copy an object 1 Create two rectangles and a circle as shown on the left side of the previous illustration 2 Click Menu Browser Modify Copy 3 At the Select Objects prompt click the circle...

Страница 97: ...owed by direct distance entry typically with polar snap turned on The Copy command automatically repeats so you can easily create multiple copies Offset Objects Offsetting creates a new object that seems to trace a selected object at a specified distance Offsetting circles creates larger or smaller circles depending on the offset side For an easy way to create parallel lines or concentric circles ...

Страница 98: ...jects around a mirror line which you define with two points You then choose to delete or retain the original objects Mirroring is useful for creating symmetrical objects You can draw half the object and quickly mirror it rather than draw the whole object object offset original object 1 2 3 mirror line Objects selected Mirror line defined Result with original retained 4 ...

Страница 99: ...by specifying a base point and a rotation angle You can specify the rotation angle by specifying a point or entering a value for the angle In the following example you specify the base point 1 and a second point 2 that determines the angle of rotation 2 for the orientation of a house Instead of specifying the second point in the example you could have entered 35 to specify the rotation in degrees ...

Страница 100: ...ts are trimmed as shown in the illustration One useful technique is to set the fillet radius to 0 This results in two objects intersecting in a sharp corner as illustrated No arc is created NOTE You can hold down SHIFT while selecting the objects to override the current fillet radius with a value of 0 You can also fillet circles arcs and polylines More than one possible fillet can exist between ci...

Страница 101: ...aded their city council to allow them to acquire the lot The only requirement was that the property owners agree on an equitable division How would you divide the empty lot The proposal accepted by the property owners expanded lots 26 and 27 to make their total lot sizes equal The fence between lots 38 and 39 was extended Lot 38 was larger than the others but this benefit was offset by its irregul...

Страница 102: ...e triangular lot The top end of the new property line will be displaced 25 73 feet and the bottom end of the new property will be displaced by 39 94 feet These distances were determined using trial and error to make lots 26 and 27 about equal in area but without making lot 38 too narrow or too large To accomplish this task you create some construction geometry that makes the task easier 4 Use the ...

Страница 103: ...Fillet Corners 97 5 Use intersection object snaps to create a new property line as shown in the illustration 6 Erase the old property line and the two construction circles ...

Страница 104: ... Extend 8 Click the new property line This line is the boundary for extending the old property line 9 Press ENTER This action is important and easily forgotten It separates the objects that serve as boundaries from the objects to be extended 10 Click the old property line near the end to be extended as shown ...

Страница 105: ...Fillet Corners 99 11 Press ENTER to end the command 12 Use the same method to extend the other property line to the lower border 13 Erase the old property lines to open the long narrow lot ...

Страница 106: ...an you find the new areas of the lots Find the areas of the lots 1 On the command line enter boundary 2 In the Boundary Creation dialog box click Pick Points Then click inside each of the lots Press ENTER to end the command A closed polyline object is created using the property lines for each lot These closed polylines are superimposed upon the existing property lines and can later be erased ...

Страница 107: ... to clear the selection 6 Find the area of each of the other lots 7 Close the map drawing without saving it Tutorial Create a New Drawing with Precision In the following tutorial you will create a detail drawing of a type of jet engine mount used to attach jet engines to commercial aircraft You will be happy to know that this part is made of a high strength nickel chromium iron alloy NOTE Each ste...

Страница 108: ...en referencing a drawing from another drawing such as with assembly drawings 2 Use the Center object snap to draw a circle with a diameter of 24 using the center point of the previous circle The Center object snap might not be a default running object snap Press SHIFT and right click to access the object snap menu 3 Using PolarSnap to lock the angle at 0 degrees copy the two circles to a location ...

Страница 109: ...ircle Specify center point for circle or 3P 2P Ttr tan tan radius t Specify point on object for first tangent of circle Select an outer circle near the expected tangent location Specify point on object for second tangent of circle Select the other outer circle as shown Specify radius of circle 250 only part of the circle is shown in the illustration 6 Trim the large circle as shown below ...

Страница 110: ...ter circles with a radius of 250 mm 8 Trim the outer left circle as shown The front view of the part is complete Next you will use the objects in the front view to create the top view of the part Create the top view 1 Set the current layer to Model Top You can use the Layer control on the Layers toolbar or the Layer Properties Manager 2 Use the Quadrant object snap to create a line starting from t...

Страница 111: ...rectangular outline of the top view 6 Offset the topmost horizontal line upward by 3 mm Create vertical lines from the quadrants of the other circles as shown 7 Trim the four vertical lines representing the silhouette edges of the holes as shown Don t forget to press ENTER after selecting the horizontal boundary line for the trimming 8 Trim the other vertical lines as shown Zoom and pan as needed ...

Страница 112: ...starts from the endpoint of the arc and ends perpendicular to the horizontal line as shown This line will be the trim boundary for the runout on the part 11 Trim the horizontal line to the boundary line as shown 12 Erase the vertical trim boundary line boundary line for trim boundary line for trim erase line ...

Страница 113: ...tice that because you selected more than one object only the common properties are listed 3 On the Properties palette click Linetype Click the arrow and from the list click ACAD_ISO02W100 4 Click Linetype Scale Type 0 3 for the new linetype scale and press ENTER 5 Move your cursor off the Properties palette and press ESC to clear the selection The four lines are now displayed with a dashed linetyp...

Страница 114: ...les and hatch patterns Try it Copy the properties from one object to other objects 1 Start a new drawing 2 Draw several objects with different color properties 3 Click Menu Browser Modify Match Properties 4 Click the source object from which you want to copy properties 5 Click the objects to which you want to copy the properties You can use the Settings option of the command to select the properti...

Страница 115: ...s Grips are small squares and arrows that appear on an object after it has been selected They mark control locations and are powerful editing tools After you select an object you can click a grip and move it with your cursor For more options click a grip and right click to display a shortcut menu Then choose a grip edit mode select line click grip move grip to end of horizontal line 1 2 grip edit ...

Страница 116: ... grip mode such as Move Mirror Rotate or Scale 6 Press ESC to exit grip editing Create Revision Clouds If you review or redline drawings you can increase your productivity by using revision clouds to highlight your markups You draw the revision cloud around the objects you want to emphasize creating a polyline in the shape of a cloud as shown in the following illustration Try it Create a revision ...

Страница 117: ...the distance and angle between two points 1 Click Menu Browser Tools Inquiry Distance 2 Use an object snap to locate a point on an object 3 Use another object snap to locate a point on a different object 4 Review the data displayed in the command window 5 Press F2 to see the data in a larger window called the Text window To get started Action Menu Browser Icon Erase objects Modify Erase Extend obj...

Страница 118: ...reating or modifying an object what do you do to display the object snap menu 5 What is an easy way to find the distance between two points in a drawing Match properties Modify Match Properties Create revision clouds Draw Revision Cloud Extract information from objects Tools Inquiry Distance Help system ERASE EXTEND TRIM COPY COPYCLIP COPYMODE PASTECLIP OFFSET MIRROR MOVE ROTATE UNITS FILLET PROPE...

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Страница 120: ...patterns or solid colors that help identify the subject matter or material Create blocks when you want to use drawings or parts of drawings repeatedly These symbols called blocks represent standard items such as trees or bushes ...

Страница 121: ...Add Symbols and Hatches Overview of Blocks 116 Insert Blocks 117 Overview of Hatches 119 Insert Hatches or Solid Fills 120 ...

Страница 122: ...onents or standard parts Store associated data with block attributes which can be extracted to create reports Manage blocks with DesignCenter DesignCenter provides convenient organization and access to thousands of symbols on your computer on your local network and on the World Wide Web Sources of Blocks There are several sources of blocks that you can use in your drawings Your computer Over 300 s...

Страница 123: ... a large number of blocks and block libraries Tool Palettes window Place or drag a block into a drawing Use tool palettes to organize and access your most commonly used blocks Tutorial Adding Blocks 1 Open MyDesign the drawing that you created and saved in a previous tutorial 2 Offset the lines to create walls if it s a health spa or motor housing or ridges if it s a catch for a window lock Use a ...

Страница 124: ...at displays Drag the grip to move the block into place 3 Click the grip and right click On the shortcut menu click Rotate Rotate the block either with the cursor or by entering a rotation angle 4 In DesignCenter double click a different block 5 In the Insert dialog box under Rotation click Specify On Screen Click OK 6 Click a location in your drawing You are prompted to specify a rotation angle Ro...

Страница 125: ...ch patterns You can also use hatch patterns from hatch pattern libraries supplied by other companies Hatch patterns are stored in hatch pattern files with PAT extensions Associative Hatches By default hatches are associative Associative hatches are linked to their boundaries and are updated when the boundaries are modified You can remove associativity from a hatch at any time Industry standard hat...

Страница 126: ...he drawing or onto a tool palette Use a tool palette to drag commonly used hatches into a drawing quickly Define Hatch Boundaries Hatch boundaries can be any combination of objects such as lines arcs circles polylines text and blocks Hatch boundaries must enclose an area but they can include islands enclosed areas within the hatch area that you choose to hatch or leave unhatched Result Boundaries ...

Страница 127: ...alls and press ENTER 5 At the bottom of the dialog box click Preview There are probably several things that you ll want to change including the circle being hatched the hatch angle and the hatch spacing 6 Press ESC to return to the dialog box 7 Click the More Options button at the bottom right corner of the dialog box 8 Under Islands click Outer Then click the Less Options button 9 Under Angle and...

Страница 128: ...rea in a drawing 5 How do you fill an area with a solid color To get started Action Menu Browser Icons Insert a blocks Insert Block Open DesignCenter Tools Palettes DesignCenter Open the Tool Palettes window Tools Palettes Tool Palettes Hatch an area Draw Hatch Tools Palettes DesignCenter Tools Palettes Tool Palettes Help system ADCENTER BLOCK EXPLODE INSERT TOOLPALETTES HATCH ...

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Страница 131: ...Add Text to a Drawing Create and Modify Text 126 Work with Text Styles 128 Set Text Size for the Viewport Scaling 129 ...

Страница 132: ... specify one or more columns Before creating the text you define the width of the text by specifying the two opposite corners of a text boundary Only the width of the box has an effect The text you enter is inserted in the dialog box within the width limit and words that don t fit wrap to the next line When using the text editor you can easily change the width by dragging the right side of the rul...

Страница 133: ... text objects 1 Start a new drawing 2 Click Menu Browser Draw Text Multiline Text 3 Click two points to determine the width of the text object 4 In the bounding box type your text 5 Highlight a word and click some of the formatting options These options are similar to those in most word processing applications 6 Click Close Text Editor on the ribbon Try it Modify an existing multiline text object ...

Страница 134: ...ics controls effects such as wide text and backwards text Create and Modify Text Styles Except for the default STANDARD style you must define any text style that you want to use Once you ve created a style you can modify its settings change its name or delete it when you no longer need it When you create or modify a text style you use the Text Style dialog box If you change an existing style s fon...

Страница 135: ...t size it for correct display and plotting in paper space Set Text Size in Model Space Set the text size in model space using the following formula Text size in model space desired text size scale of the layout viewport Example 1 If the desired text size is 3 mm and the viewport scale is 1 4 0 25 then use 3 0 25 12 mm for the text size in model space Example 2 If the desired text size is 1 8 inch ...

Страница 136: ...need to change existing text 2 What are some advantages to creating additional text styles 3 How do you decide whether to create text in paper space or in model space 4 What text height should you use in model space if the desired text height in paper space is 2 5 mm and the display scale of the layout viewport is 1 50 0 02 ...

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Страница 138: ...Continued Linear Vertical Linear Horizontal Aligned Baseline Center Mark Ordinate Diameter Angular Quick Leader Radius ...

Страница 139: ...Add Dimensions Dimensions Overview 134 Create Dimensions 135 Use Dimensioning Options 138 Create and Modify Dimension Styles 140 Modify Dimensions 142 ...

Страница 140: ...ternatively you can supply your own text or suppress the text entirely Arrowhead Indicates an end of the dimension line Several types of arrowheads are available including architectural ticks and dots Leader Forms a solid line leading from an annotation to the referenced feature Depending on the dimension style leaders can be created automatically when dimension text won t fit between extension li...

Страница 141: ...e object snaps to specify the extension line origins and then specify the dimension line location The extension line origin points can be on separate objects Tutorial Create Dimensions In this tutorial you will set the scale for your drawing and add several dimensions to your design 1 Open MyDesign the drawing that you created and saved in previous tutorials 2 Click the layout tab Result of select...

Страница 142: ...ise scale for the floor plan or part 7 Click the blue layout viewport border to select it On the Properties palette under the Misc category click Standard Scale 8 Click the arrow to display a list of scales Click the one that seems the most appropriate for the sheet size and the size of your floor plan or part You can always choose a different scale if necessary 9 Lock the layout viewport to preve...

Страница 143: ...es It works only when the system variable DIMSCALE is set to 0 You can enter DIMSCALE on the command line Check the Help system topic on DIMSCALE for more information Add Text 1 Double click outside the layout viewport to return to paper space 2 Change the current layer to the Text layer 3 Create several notes using the Multiline Text command 4 Save your drawing ...

Страница 144: ...n and runout of drawing features Create Center Marks and Lines You can easily create a center mark or centerline on a circle or arc The size and style of center marks and centerlines are controlled by the dimension style Try it Create center marks and lines 1 Start a new drawing and click the Model tab 2 Draw a small circle 3 Click Menu Browser Dimension Center mark 4 Click the circle Two lines in...

Страница 145: ...urrent multileader style A small line known as a leader landing usually connects the annotation to the leader line Multileader annotations can be multiline text a feature control frame or a block reference Try it Create a multileader 1 Click Menu Browser Dimension Multileader 2 Click a location for the arrowhead 3 Click a location for the leader landing 4 Enter text in the bounding box 5 Click Clo...

Страница 146: ...xt placement and dimension lines Overall dimension scale Format and precision of primary alternate and angular dimension units Format and precision of tolerance values New dimensions use the current settings in the Dimension Style Manager dialog box The default STANDARD style is assigned to dimensions until you set another style as current Overrides allow for style modifications to the current dim...

Страница 147: ...governing placement of dimension lines extension lines and text It also includes the setting for automatic dimension scaling Primary Units sets the format for example scientific decimal architectural and precision of linear and angular dimension units Alternate Units sets alternate unit format and precision This feature supports dual dimensions that display for example both metric and imperial uni...

Страница 148: ...lly easier to erase and re create the dimension The easiest way to make minor modifications in a dimension is to use grips For example you can easily drag a dimension line to align it with another dimension line You can also drag dimension text to a different location 1 Click dimension 2 Click grip at end of dimension line 3 Move grip to new dimension location 1 Click dimension 2 Click grip on dim...

Страница 149: ...ular Create baseline dimensions Dimension Baseline Create continued dimensions Dimension Continue Create and modify a dimension style Dimension Dimension Style Update an existing dimension to reflect a style change Dimension Update Create a center mark Dimension Center mark Create leaders with annotation Dimension Multileader Help system DIMALIGNED DIMANGULAR DIMBASELINE DIMCONTINUE DIMDIAMETER DI...

Страница 150: ...associative dimensions 2 Why should you lock layout viewports 3 To ensure that dimensions are scaled according to the layout viewport scale what dimension variable should be set to 0 4 What is the easiest way to modify the location of a dimension feature such as the dimension line or dimension text ...

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Страница 152: ...epresents a drawing sheet that includes a title block one or more layout viewports and text objects Layout viewports Display one or more views of the model each of which can be scaled separately Plot styles Temporaily override properties such as color and lineweight when plotting Page Setups Save plot settings by name and associate them with a layout ...

Страница 153: ...Create Layouts and Plots Work with Layouts 148 Choose and Configure Plotters 151 Plot from a Layout 153 ...

Страница 154: ...ting area depend on the printer or plotter assigned to the layout Create a New Layout The two most common reasons for creating a new layout are Creating a new drawing template file that includes a different paper size and orientation Adding a layout with a different paper size orientation and title block to an existing drawing The easiest way to create a new layout is to use the Create Layout wiza...

Страница 155: ...the Model tab To create correctly scaled dimensions enter model space from the layout tab and then dimension the model When you create a new layout a single layout viewport is added by default You can add more layout viewports for independent views such as details and 3D views Each viewport can have its own scale plot properties and layer visibility settings Tutorial Work with Layout Viewports In ...

Страница 156: ...and erased Create a new layout viewport 1 Make the Viewport layer the current layer 2 Click Menu Browser View Viewports 1 Viewport 3 Click two points in a blank area on the layout The two points are the diagonal corners of the new layout viewport The new layout viewport can overlap an existing viewport 4 Click the border of the layout viewport to display its grips 5 Adjust the size of the layout v...

Страница 157: ...orrect you can easily add or edit printer and plotter configurations Add a Plotter Configuration The Plotter Manager is a folder that provides a method for adding deleting and changing plotter configurations Plotter configuration files have a pc3 extension and are stored in the Plotters folder To display the Plotters folder click Menu Browser File menu Plotter Manager The Plotter Manager includes ...

Страница 158: ...collect groups of plot styles and save them in a file that you can later specify when plotting The Plot Style Manager is a folder that contains all the available plot style tables and the Add A Plot Style wizard There are two types of plot style tables Color dependent plot style tables An object s color determines how it is plotted The files have the extension ctb You cannot assign color dependent...

Страница 159: ...lot you can specify the name of the page setup in the Plot dialog box For example let s say you switch to a different plotter for color output You can quickly restore all settings associated with that plotter by specifying the name of a previously saved page setup To switch back you can specify the name of the original page setup Each layout tab can have an associated named page setup Page setups ...

Страница 160: ...wser File Open 2 In the Select File dialog box locate the Help GettingStarted folder select plan dwg and click Open This is a drawing of a floor plan and elevation 3 Click the Elevation layout tab The Elevation layout uses a page setup that defines the plot area and page size A specific plotter configuration is also associated with the Elevation layout 4 Click Menu Browser File Page Setup Manager ...

Страница 161: ... 11 0 inches for the paper size Make sure that Paper Size in Units lists a width of 11 0 inches and a height of 8 5 inches Click Next 6 On the Orientation page click Portrait for that orientation Click Next 7 On the Title Block page click None from the list of available title blocks Click Next You insert a title block once the layout is created 8 On the Define Viewports page under Viewport Setup c...

Страница 162: ... in the X Y and Z boxes type 1 to set the layout to be plotted full scale 7 Under Rotation make sure that the Specify On screen check box is cleared If necessary in the Angle box type 0 to keep the title block horizontal Click OK 8 Move the cursor to center the title block and then click to place it on the layout Set up the viewports to plot Now that the layout viewports have been created you can ...

Страница 163: ...played in the viewport are still plotted Alternatively you could have turned off the Viewport layer Plot the layout Now that you have created a layout and have prepared the layout viewports for plotting you are ready to plot the drawing 1 Click Menu Browser File Plot The plotter you chose in the wizard is still selected 2 If necessary click the button at the bottom right corner of the Plot dialog ...

Страница 164: ...wser Ribbon Panel Create a new layout Insert Layout Viewports Create a layout viewport View Viewports 1 Viewport Viewports Scale a view in a layout viewport Tools Properties Viewports Add a plotter or modify a plotter configuration File Plotter Manager Plot Override properties when plotting File Plot Style Manager Plot Restore saved settings for plotting File Page Setup Manager Plot Plot a layout ...

Страница 165: ...nits are measured in decimal degrees degrees minutes seconds grads or radians annotation Text dimensions tolerances symbols or notes array 1 Multiple copies of selected objects in a rectangular or polar radial pattern ARRAY 2 A collection of data items each identified by a subscript or key arranged so a computer can examine the collection and retrieve data with the key arrowhead A terminator such ...

Страница 166: ...k definitions block instance See block reference block reference A compound object that is inserted in a drawing and displays the data stored in a block definition Also called instance See also block and block definition INSERT B spline curve A blended piecewise polynomial curve passing near a given set of control points SPLINE BYBLOCK A special object property used to specify that the object inhe...

Страница 167: ...of dimensioned objects dimension variables A set of numeric values text strings and settings that control dimensioning features DIMSTYLE direct distance entry A method to specify a second point by first moving the cursor to indicate direction and then entering a distance drawing area The area in which your drawings are displayed and modified drawing extents The smallest rectangle that contains all...

Страница 168: ... on frozen layers are not displayed regenerated or plotted Freezing layers shortens regenerating time See also thaw LAYER geometry All graphical objects such as lines circles arcs polylines and dimensions Nongraphical objects such as linetypes lineweights text styles and layers are not considered geometry See also named object graphics area See drawing area graphics screen See drawing area grid An...

Страница 169: ...lled line font LINETYPE lineweight A width value that can be assigned to all graphical objects except TrueType fonts and raster images mirror To create a new version of an existing object by reflecting it symmetrically with respect to a prescribed line or plane MIRROR mode A software setting or operating state model A two or three dimensional representation of an object model viewports A type of d...

Страница 170: ...e or edit a drawing See also running object snap and object snap override object snap override Turning off or changing a running Object Snap mode for input of a single point See also Object Snap mode and running object snap origin The point where coordinate axes intersect For example the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system is where the X Y and Z axes meet at 0 0 0 ortho mode Limits pointing de...

Страница 171: ...ths defined by user specified polar angles See also PolarSnap polyline An object composed of one or more connected line segments or circular arcs treated as a single object Also called pline PLINE PEDIT plot style An object property that specifies a set of overrides for color dithering gray scale pen assignments screening linetype lineweight endstyles joinstyles and fill styles Plot styles are app...

Страница 172: ... with the grid points according to the spacing set by Snap Snap grid does not necessarily correspond to the visible grid which is controlled separately by GRID SNAP snap grid The invisible grid that locks the pointer into alignment with the grid points according to the spacing set by Snap Snap grid does not necessarily correspond to the visible grid which is controlled separately by GRID SNAP snap...

Страница 173: ...ollapsed to control the amount of information displayed Tree views are available in DesignCenter the Purge dialog box and the Help system UCS See user coordinate system UCS UCS icon An icon that indicates the orientation of the UCS axes UCSICON user coordinate system UCS A user defined coordinate system that defines the orientation of the X Y and Z axes in 3D space The UCS determines the default p...

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Страница 175: ...ding for objects 100 selection areas 86 arrays 155 159 arrowheads 134 141 159 associative dimensions 17 134 159 associative hatches 119 159 attribute definitions 159 Autodesk Design Review DWF viewer 155 Auto hide and palettes 57 Auto hide feature 160 AutoSnap markers 76 81 axes for coordinates 74 B B spline curves 160 backwards reading text 128 base points 90 93 160 baseline dimensions 132 143 bl...

Страница 176: ...rtesian coordinates 74 dynamic input and 75 origin point 74 102 overview 74 polar coordinates 74 specifying 13 COPY command 84 copying multiple copies of objects 91 objects 84 90 properties to other objects 108 corners filleting 94 counter clockwise rotation 93 crosshairs 160 See also cursors crossing selection areas 86 161 CTB files color dependent plot style tables 152 161 current layer 50 59 cu...

Страница 177: ...6 161 drawings and drawing files coordinate systems 74 displaying entire drawing 38 grids 72 inserting blocks 117 new drawings starting 44 panning a view 39 plotting 153 revising 19 revision clouds 110 Snap mode 72 template files 44 touring 52 zooming in or out 15 drivers printer 151 DWF Design Web Format files 151 155 161 DWT files See template files DXF files 162 dynamic input 75 Dynamic Input b...

Страница 178: ...ocedural 25 table of contents Contents tab 25 tutorial 24 hiding layers 51 60 Properties palette 57 hook lines 139 horizontal alignment of text 128 horizontal dimensions 132 I i drop 162 imperial measurement drawing template files 45 Info palette 163 inquiry commands 111 inscribed polygons 66 Insert dialog box 118 inserting blocks 117 118 156 instances block references 163 Intersection object snap...

Страница 179: ...Settings dialog box 63 lineweights 7 42 63 163 locking layers 51 M magnifying view in viewports See zooming in or out markup revision clouds 110 matching properties between objects 108 measurement units 3 45 46 141 mechanical drawing template files 45 mechanical drawing unit format 102 menus 30 31 166 metric measurement template files 45 Midpoint object snap 78 mirroring objects 84 92 104 163 Mode...

Страница 180: ...153 164 page size 153 PAN command 39 panels Layers panel 57 Properties panel 57 panning 15 39 164 paper size 152 155 paper space 5 164 compared to model space 48 notes and labels in 128 scaling linetypes in 62 switching to model space 49 150 text size and 129 parallel dimensions baseline dimensions 132 143 parallel lines 64 PAT files 119 PC3 files 151 perpendicular lines 79 Perpendicular object sn...

Страница 181: ...rawings 110 regenerating jagged display 40 relative coordinates 75 165 relative values 74 removing objects 87 repeating commands 34 91 resizing linetypes 62 text objects 126 viewports 150 revising drawings 19 110 See also editing objects revision clouds 19 110 right mouse button 30 right click actions 30 rotating objects 93 118 running object snap 77 166 S saving files as DWF files 155 files in ot...

Страница 182: ...f 126 text editor 126 Text Style dialog box 128 text styles 9 128 167 thawing 51 167 tiled viewports model viewports 167 title blocks 156 tolerance options for dimensions 141 tool palettes 167 tooltips 76 topics in Help system display 24 tree views 167 trim boundaries 106 TRIM command 84 88 TrueType fonts 128 tutorial drawing template files 45 U UCS user coordinate system 167 UCS icon 167 undoing ...

Страница 183: ...lines 66 text characters 128 text objects 126 window selection areas 86 167 Windows printer drivers 151 X X and Y values 74 xrefs external references 161 167 Z ZOOM command 38 zooming in or out 167 overview 15 38 scaling views in viewports 5 156 ...

Страница 184: ...178 Index ...

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