Acronis TrueImage Deluxe
87
Booting the computer
is a procedure that is executed every time a computer
is turned on or an operating system finishes its work or when the reset
button is pressed. Booting consists of the following stages:
•
Hardware diagnostics;
•
Memory check;
•
Built-in BIOS initialization;
•
Initialization of additional hardware components and their BIOS versions
(video, SCSI etc.);
•
Booting an operation system.
Cluster.
Information storage unit in such file systems as FAT and NTFS. Every
file occupies a certain number of whole clusters, so the larger the cluster size
the higher the losses are that are due to file size adjustment; and conversely,
the smaller the cluster the larger the cluster distribution tables.
Cylinder.
A group of all the tracks on all the magnetic platters of a hard disk
that can be accessed without moving the magnetic head. Access to the data
inside one cylinder is much faster than moving the head from one cylinder to
the other.
Disk.
It is a general term that can mean both a data storage media (floppy
disk, compact disk), and a data-reading device (hard disk), and a partition
that is accessible from some operating system (logical disk).
Diskette.
Floppy disk. A removable storage media that consists of a flexible
magnetic platter enclosed in a protective envelope. The most common are
3
.
5
”
diskettes with 1.44 megabyte capacity.
File.
A file is named information storage in the file system. In different file
systems files can be stored in different ways, differences may also exist in
storing file names and writing the full path of the file in the folder tree.
File system.
Data structure that is necessary to store and manage files. File
system does the following functions: tracks free and occupied space,
supports folders and file names, tracks the physical positions of files on the
disk. Each partition may be formatted with its own file system.
Floppy disk drive.
A device that reads and writes data to diskettes.
Folder.
A table in the file system that contains description of files and other
folders. Such structure allows creating folder tree that begins with the root
folder.
Formatting.
The process of creating service structure on the disk. There are
three levels of hard disk formatting: low-level (marking the magnetic surface
with tracks and sectors), partitioning and high-level (creation of file system
on a partition).
