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Grid support functions and Voltage & Frequency trip limits
The inverter is equipped with advanced grid support functionality that is useful to support reactive loads and also assist in reliable
operation of the utility grid in the presence of a large number of distributed energy generation sources. The grid support func-
tions that are equipped on this inverter are described in the following sections.
The internal Webserver can be used to adjust grid parameters. A Wi-Fi connection to the inverter is required to modify settings us-
ing the internal Webserver.
This QIG provides an overview of the available grid support functions. For complete details, refer to the product manual at www.
abb.com/solarinverters.
1. Voltage ride-through
This inverter provides parameters to respond to undervoltage and overvoltage events. The inverter is designed to operate nor-
mally within the specified operating range. If voltage excursions occur, the inverter is designed to continue operating normally or
cease to export power for a specified delay. Beyond this programmed delay, the inverter disconnects from the grid in the event of
an abnormal voltage condition.
2. Frequency ride-through
This inverter provides parameters to respond to underfrequency and overfrequency events. If frequency excursions occur, the in-
verter is designed to continue operating normally for a specified delay. Beyond this programmed delay, the inverter disconnects
from the grid in the event of an abnormal voltage condition.
3. Reactive power control
The inverter provides several modes of operation for reactive power control and are described below:
- Disable: This is the default setting. Under this setting, the inverter exports with a power factor of 1.0.
- Fixed power factor control (Cosφ set): In this mode, the operator can set the output power factor to a fixed value. When enabled,
a new value will be set in the inverter.
- Q Fixed (Q Set): Sets the reactive power to a fixed value. When enabled, a new value will be set in the inverter.
- Power factor as function of output power (Watt/Cosφ Settings: Cosφ(P)): In this mode, the inverter reduces the power factor
(cos-phi) as a function of the output power at a given operating point. The 4 points of the default curve, where you can set the %
of Pmax values and related cos-phi, can be modified using the internal Webserver. When enabled, the curve will be set in the in-
verter.
- Dynamic Volt/VAR control (Volt/VAr Settings: Q(V)): Under this mode, the level of reactive power exported by the inverter is a
function of the operating grid voltage, also known as a Volt/VAR curve. The 4 points of the default curve, where you can set the %
of Vnom values and related % of Smax, can be modified using the internal Webserver. When enabled, the curve will be set in the
inverter.
4. Active Power Control
This inverter offers several modes for active power reduction.
- Active Power Curtailment: Sets a new value of active power as % of Pmax. When enabled, a new value will be set in the inverter.
- CEI Average VGrid Derating (only italian grid standard): Sets, after a specific threshold, an active power derating based on the
average of Vac on 10 minutes as per CEI-021 italian grid standard.
- Volt/Watt settings: P(V). Under this mode, the level of active power exported by the inverter is a function of the operating grid
voltage, also known as a Volt/Watt curve. The 4 points of the default curve, where you can set the % of Vnom values and related %
of Pmax, can be modified using the internal Webserver. When enabled, the curve will be set in the inverter.
- Frequency/Watt function (Frequency Control: P(f)): In this mode, the inverter limits the active power as a function of the grid
frequency.
5. Ramp control
The inverter is designed to control the rate at which output power is increased, either at startup, or after a temporary low power
condition on the PV array (such as fast shading). The following ramp controls are provided on this inverter.
- Normal ramp: The normal ramp defines the maximum rate at which the inverter can increase the output power under normal
operation. The normal ramp control limits the fluctuations in the output power in order to prevent instabilities on the utility grid.
- Soft start: The soft-start ramp defines the maximum rate at which the inverter can increase the output power when the inverter
is first starting up. This startup may occur on a daily basis or when the inverter restarts after an abnormal grid event has ended.
This inverter has been factory programmed to automatically disconnect from the utility distribution system in compliance with UL
1741 and IEEE 1547-2003 specifications. Default voltage and frequency trip limit and trip time settings to comply with these stan-
dards are shown in table below. The internal Webserver can be used to adjust Voltage and Frequency Trip Limit and Trip Time Pa-
rameters according to Grid requirements of installation country.
Condition
Utility source
Voltage (V)
Utility source
Frequency (Hz)
Max. time (sec) at 60Hz before
cessation of current
A
< 0.50 Vnom (Fixed)
Rated (60Hz)
0.16 (default)Adj. Set Points 0.16 to 50s
B
0.50 Vnom≤V<0.88 Vnom (Adj.)
Rated (60Hz)
2 (Default)Adj. Set Points 0.16 to 100 s
C
1.10 Vnom<V<1.2 Vnom (Adj.)
Rated (60Hz)
1 (Default)Adj. Set Points 0.16 to 100 s
D
1.2 Vnom ≤ V(Fixed)
Rated (60Hz)
0.16 (Adj. 0.001 to 0.16s)
E
Rated
f > 60.5Hz (Default)Adj. 60.1 to 66.0 Hz
0.16 (Default) Adj. Set Points 0.16 to 1000 s
F
Rated
f < 59.3 Hz (Default)Adj. 50.0 to 59.9 Hz 0.16 (Default) Adj. Set Points 0.16 to 1000 s
G
Rated
f << 57.0 Hz (Default)Adj. 50.0 to 59.9 Hz 0.16 (Default) Adj. Set Points 0.16 to 1000 s
H
Rated
f >> 63.0 Hz (Default)Adj. 60.1 to 66.0 Hz 0.16 (Default) Adj. Set Points 0.16 to 1000 s
Reconnection 300s (Default) (Adjustable 20s to 1000s)