VAMP 50 Operation And Configuration Manual Download

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2.21 Programmable stages (99)

2 Protection functions

Technical description

VAMP 24h support phone +358 (0)20 753 3264

VM50.EN004

Table 2.21-1Available signals to be supervised by the

programmable stages

IL1, IL2, IL3

Phase currents

Residual current input I

U12, U23, U31

Line-to-line voltages

UL1, UL2, UL3

Phase-to-ground voltages

Uo Zero-sequence

voltage

f Frequency
P Active

power

Q Reactive

power

S Apparent

power

Cos Fii

Cosine



IoCalc

Phasor sum I

+ I

Positive sequence current

Negative sequence current

I2/I1

Relative negative sequence current

I2/In

Negative sequence current in pu

IL Average

+ I

L3)

TanFii

Tangent



[=tan(arccos



)]

Prms

Active power rms value

Qrms

Reactive power rms value

Srms

Apparent powre rms value

THDIL1

Total harmonic distortion of I

THDIL2

Total harmonic distortion of I

THDIL3

Total harmonic distortion of I

THDUa

Total harmonic distortion of input U

IL1rms

IL1 RMS for average sampling

IL2rms

IL2 RMS for average sampling

IL3rms

IL3 RMS for average sampling

Eight independent stages

The device has eight independent programmable stages. Each

programmable stage can be enabled or disabled to fit the
intended application.

Setting groups

There are two settings groups available. Switching between
setting groups can be controlled by digital inputs, virtual

inputs (communication, logic) and manually.
There are two identical stages available with independent

setting parameters.

Summary of Contents for 50

Page 1: ...VAMP 50 VAMP 51 Overcurrent earthfault protection relay VAMP 52 Feeder and motor protection relay Operation and configuration instructions Technical description...

Page 2: ...2 3 Setting groups 17 2 2 4 Fault logs 18 2 2 5 Operating levels 19 2 3 Operating measures 21 2 3 1 Control functions 21 2 3 2 Measured data 22 2 3 3 Reading event register 23 2 3 4 Forced control For...

Page 3: ...otection functions IEEE ANSI code IEC symbol Function name Note 50 51 3I 3I 3I Overcurrent protection 46R I2 I1 Broken conductor protection 46 I2 Current unbalance protection Only VAMP 51 52 47 I2 Pha...

Page 4: ...d in three ways Locally with the push buttons on the relay front panel Locally using a PC connected to the USB port on the front Via remote control over the optional remote control port on the relay r...

Page 5: ...ws as an example the front panel of the overcurrent and earthfault protection relay VAMP 50 and the location of the user interface elements used for local control VAMP50Front 1 2 3 4 Figure 2 1 1 Rela...

Page 6: ...n and parameterization values of the relay Figure 2 1 1 2 Figure 2 1 1 1 Sections of the LCD dot matrix display 1 Freely configurable single line diagram 2 Controllable objects max six objects 3 Objec...

Page 7: ...and down in the main menu that is on the left hand side of the display The active main menu option is indicated with a cursor The options in the main menu items are abbreviations e g Evnt events 2 Aft...

Page 8: ...e enter key one info key and two configurable function keys nappain 1 2 3 4 6 5 Figure 2 1 3 1 Keys on the keypad 1 Enter and confirmation key ENTER 2 Cancel key CANCEL 3 Up Down Increase Decrease arr...

Page 9: ...the indicators and output relays can be given a latching function in the configuration There are several ways to reset latched indicators and relays From the alarm list move back to the initial displa...

Page 10: ...o return to the main menu 3 Push the ENTER key to confirm the selected submenu If there are more than six items in the selected submenu a black line appears to the right side of the display Figure 2 2...

Page 11: ...assword 8 Push the INFO key to obtain additional information about any menu item 9 Push the CANCEL key to revert to the normal display Main menu The general menu structure is shown in Figure 2 2 1 2 T...

Page 12: ...tal outputs relays and output matrix ExtAI External analogue inputs 3 ExDI External digital inputs 3 ExDO External digital outputs 3 Prot 18 Protection counters combined overcurrent status protection...

Page 13: ...I02 50NARC 4 AR 4 Auto reclose 79 8 OBJ 10 Object definitions 5 Lgic 2 Status and counters of user s logic 1 CONF 9 Device setup scaling etc 6 Bus 11 Serial port and protocol configuration 7 Diag 9 D...

Page 14: ...t This value can be cleared if the operating level is at least Operator TCntr 2 The stage has tripped two times since the last reset or restart This value can be cleared if the operating level is at l...

Page 15: ...LEFT Setting groups are explained in chapter 2 2 3 ILmax 403A The maximum of three measured phase currents is at the moment 403 A This is the value the stage is supervising Status Status of the stage...

Page 16: ...ng push buttons ENTER and then RIGHT or LEFT 2006 09 14 Date of the log 12 25 10 288 Time of the log Type 1 2 The overcurrent fault has been detected in phases L1 and L2 A B red yellow R S u v Flt 2 8...

Page 17: ...ne if the digital input is FALSE If no digital input is selected SGrpDI the active group can be selected by changing the value of the parameter SetGrp Figure 2 2 3 1 Example of protection submenu with...

Page 18: ...ult logs are not cleared when power is switched off The user is able to clear all logs using VAMPSET Each function has its own logs See Figure 2 2 4 1 Figure 2 2 4 1 Example of fault log To see the va...

Page 19: ...el Use Possible to control objects and to change e g the settings of the protection stages Opening Default password is 1 Setting state Push ENTER Closing The level is automatically closed after 10 min...

Page 20: ...he password s in case the password is lost or forgotten In order to restore the password s a relay program is needed The virtual serial port settings are 38400 bps 8 data bits no parity and one stop b...

Page 21: ...ote control and disable local control Select LOCAL to enable local control and disable remote control 4 Confirm the setting by pushing the ENTER key The Local Remote state will change Object control 1...

Page 22: ...current Io A IoC MEAS SYMMETRIC CURRENTS Calculated Io A I1 MEAS SYMMETRIC CURRENTS Positive sequence current A I2 MEAS SYMMETRIC CURRENTS Negative sequence current A I2 I1 MEAS SYMMETRIC CURRENTS Neg...

Page 23: ...ay contains a list of all the events that have been configured to be included in the event register Figure 2 3 3 1 Example of an event register 3 Scroll through the event list with the UP and DOWN key...

Page 24: ...ivate the Force function 5 Push the ENTER key to return to the selection list Choose the signal to be controlled by force with the UP and DOWN keys for instance the T1 signal 6 Push the ENTER key to c...

Page 25: ...nded for output matrix editing 6 Configure the needed digital inputs in main menu DI 7 Configure blocking and interlockings for protection stages using the block matrix This can be done in main menu P...

Page 26: ...d DOWN keys A parameter can be set if the background color of the line is black If the parameter cannot be set the parameter is framed 4 Select the desired parameter for example Inom with the ENTER ke...

Page 27: ...the display in the setting mode To view the range push the INFO key Push the CANCEL key to return to the setting mode Figure 2 4 2 2 Allowed setting ranges show in the display 2 4 3 Disturbance recor...

Page 28: ...NO or normally closed NC circuit Event enabling EVENT MASK1 2 4 5 Configuring digital outputs DO The following functions can be read and set via the submenus of the digital outputs menu The status of...

Page 29: ...s IL1 IL2 IL2 F IL Io IoCalc U12 UL1 2 4 7 Protection menu Prot The following functions can be read and set via the submenus of the Prot menu Reset all the counters PROTECTION SET ClAll Read the statu...

Page 30: ...nput of the relay Ioinp is 5 A 1 A or 1 A 0 2 A This is specified in the order code of the device The rated input values are usually equal to the rated secondary value of the CT The rated CT secondary...

Page 31: ...interval AAIntv Average drift direction AvDrft Lead or lag Average synchronization deviation FilDev 2 4 9 Protocol menu Bus There are three optional communication ports in the rear panel The availabil...

Page 32: ...mation of bit rate data bits parity stop bits This value is not directly editable Editing is done in the appropriate protocol setting menus Ethernet These parameters are used by the ethernet interface...

Page 33: ...ss for this device Addr This address has to be unique within the system Bit rate bit s Default is 9600 Event numbering style Emode Default is Channel For details see the technical description part of...

Page 34: ...evice Addr This address has to be unique within the system Profibus converter type Conv If the shown type is a dash either Profibus protocol has not been selected or the device has not restarted after...

Page 35: ...al VMV EN0xx single line diagram Bay 0 L 0A 0 000A 0kW 0Kvar Figure 2 4 10 1 Single line diagram 2 4 11 Blocking and interlocking configuration The configuration of the blockings and interlockings is...

Page 36: ...anual with the code VMV EN0xx Also the VAMPSET user s manual is available at our web site When the relay is connected to a PC with a USB a virtual comport will be created The comport number may vary d...

Page 37: ...ion I 37 62 2 12 Directional earth fault protection I0 67N 62 2 13 Earth fault protection I0 50N 51N 68 2 14 Intermittent transient earth fault protection I0T 67NT 73 2 15 Zero sequence voltage protec...

Page 38: ...rimary secondary and per unit scaling 145 4 11 1 Current scaling 146 4 11 2 Voltage scaling 148 4 12 Analogue output option 150 4 12 1 mA scaling example 151 5 Control functions 152 5 1 Output relays...

Page 39: ...put output card 198 8 7 External option modules 200 8 7 1 External input output module 200 8 8 Block diagrams 206 8 8 1 VAMP 50 206 8 8 2 VAMP 51 207 8 8 3 VAMP 52 208 8 9 Block diagrams of optional a...

Page 40: ...quent start protection 222 9 3 3 Voltage protection 222 9 3 4 Second harmonic function 223 9 3 5 Circuit breaker failure protection 223 9 3 6 Arc fault protection option 223 10 Abbreviations and symbo...

Page 41: ...be matched to the requirements of the application by disabling the functions that are not needed Flexible control and blocking possibilities due to digital signal control inputs DI and outputs DO Easy...

Page 42: ...voltage or current and a sample rate according to the 2n series the FFT technique leads to a solution which can be realized with just a 16 bit micro controller without using a separate DSP Digital Si...

Page 43: ...rt of the numerical technology That is the main block diagram for calculated functions Figure 1 2 3 shows a principle diagram of a single phase overvoltage or overcurrent function Figure 1 2 1 Princip...

Page 44: ...46 I2 Current unbalance protection Only VAMP 51 52 47 I2 Phase reversal incorrect phase sequence protection 48 Ist Stall protection 66 N Frequent start protection Only VAMP52 available when applicatio...

Page 45: ...ck matrix from other stages the programmable logic or any digital input Some stages also have inbuilt blocking logic For more details about block matrix see chapter 5 5 Forcing start or trip condition...

Page 46: ...is already tripping the blocking has no effect Retardation time Retardation time is the time a protection relay needs to notice that a fault has been cleared during the operation time delay This para...

Page 47: ...etween the opened contacts The current is finally cut off when the arc extinguishes at the next zero crossing of the current This is the start moment of the reset delay After the reset delay the trip...

Page 48: ...ble only in VAMP52 The application modes available are the feeder protection mode and the motor protection mode In the feeder protection mode all current dependent protection functions are relative to...

Page 49: ...start signal is issued If the fault situation remains on longer than the user s operation delay setting a trip signal is issued Three independent stages There are three separately adjustable overcurre...

Page 50: ...are two settings groups available for each stage Switching between setting groups can be controlled by digital inputs virtual inputs communication logic and manually Figure 2 5 1 Block diagram of the...

Page 51: ...ervised value Max of IL1 IL2 and IL3 I A Pick up value scaled to primary value I xImode Pick up setting Set Curve DT IEC IEEE IEEE2 RI PrgN Delay curve family Definite time Inverse time See chapter 2...

Page 52: ...gnal Virtual output Set Force Off On Force flag for status forcing for test purposes This is a common flag for all stages and output relays too Automatically reset by a 5 minute timeout Set ILmax A Th...

Page 53: ...Pick up setting of the three over current stages can also be controlled remotely In this case only two scaling coefficients are possible 100 the scaling is inactive and any configured value between 1...

Page 54: ...used simultane ously with normal group change 2 6 Broken line protection I2 I1 46R The purpose of the broken line protection is to detect unbalanced load conditions for example a broken wire of a heav...

Page 55: ...f unbalanced load function I2 I1 46R Parameter Value Unit Description Measured value I2 I1 Relative negative sequence component SCntr Cumulative start counter TCntr Cumulative start counter Flt Maximu...

Page 56: ...current of the motor K2 Pick up setting I2 in pu The maximum allowed degree of unbalance Example K1 15 s I2 22 9 0 229 xImot K2 5 0 05 xImot 4 300 05 0 1 229 0 15 2 2 t The operation time in this exa...

Page 57: ...lue Unit Description Note Status Blocked Start Trip Current status of the stage F F SCntr Cumulative start counter C TCntr Cumulative trip counter C SetGrp 1 or 2 Active setting group Set SGrpDI DIx V...

Page 58: ...operating time setting 100 trip SetGrp 1 2 Active setting group during the fault 2 8 Phase reversal incorrect phase sequence protection I2 47 The phase sequence stage prevents the motor from running i...

Page 59: ...drops below 120 x Imot the stall protection stage releases Equation 2 9 1 start meas start T I I T where T Operation time Istart Start current of the motor Default 6 00xImot Imeas Measured current du...

Page 60: ...time 100 tripping 2 10 Frequent start protection N 66 The simplest way to start an asynchronous motor is just to switch the stator windings to the supply voltages However every such start will heat u...

Page 61: ...ent start protection N 66 Parameter Value unit Description Mot strs Motor starts in last hour Measured value T Min Elapsed time from motor start Sts h Max starts in one hour Setting values Interval Mi...

Page 62: ...en L2 and L3 Type 1 2 3 Fault type three phase fault Flt Min value of fault current as per times Imot Load 1s mean value of pre fault currents IL1 IL3 Recorded values EDly Elapsed time as compared to...

Page 63: ...n order to get a correct polarization Please note that actually the negative U0 U0 is connected to the device Modes for different network types The available modes are ResCap This mode consists of two...

Page 64: ...nally the stage I0 has one more input signal alternative to measure current peaks to detect short restriking intermittent earth faults I01Peak to measure the peak value of input I01 Intermittent earth...

Page 65: ...lay on the local panel display Inverse time limitation The maximum measured secondary residual current is 10xI0N and maximum measured phase current is 50xIN This limits the scope of inverse curves wit...

Page 66: ...d Start Trip Current status of the stage F F TripTime s Estimated time to trip SCntr Cumulative start counter Clr TCntr Cumulative trip counter Clr SetGrp 1 or 2 Active setting group Set SGrpDI DIx VI...

Page 67: ...type Definite time Inverse time See chapter 2 23 Set t s Definite operation time for definite time only Set k Inverse delay multiplier for inverse time only Set Mode ResCap Sector Undir High impedance...

Page 68: ...tages 8 latest faults I0 I0 67N Parameter Value Unit Description yyyy mm dd Time stamp of the recording date hh mm ss ms Time stamp time of day Flt pu Maximum earth fault current EDly Elapsed time of...

Page 69: ...time operation delay Input signal selection Each stage can be connected to supervise any of the following inputs and signals Input I01 for all networks other than rigidly earthed Calculated signal I0...

Page 70: ...delay type and setting the delay to its minimum an instantaneous ANSI 50N operation is obtained Using the directional earth fault stages chapter 2 12 in undirectional mode two more stages with inverse...

Page 71: ...ng group None Digital input Virtual input LED indicator signal Virtual output Set Force Off On Force flag for status forcing for test purposes This is a common flag for all stages and output relays to...

Page 72: ...d needed C Can be cleared to zero F Editable when force flag is on Parameters of the undirectional earth fault stages I0 I0 I0 50N 51N Parameter Value Unit Description Note Status Blocked Start Trip C...

Page 73: ...tion yyyy mm dd Time stamp of the recording date hh mm ss ms Time stamp time of day Flt pu Maximum earth fault current EDly Elapsed time of the operating time setting 100 trip SetGrp 1 2 Active settin...

Page 74: ...tenuates the amplitude the filter also makes the pulses wider Thus when the current pulses are high enough it is possible to detect pulses which have duration of less than twenty per cent of the sampl...

Page 75: ...h a long intermittent setting to interfere with the AR cycle in the middle of discrimination time Usually the I0T stage itself is not used to initiate any AR For transient faults the AR will not help...

Page 76: ...time and with 0 12 s intermittent time The fourth and the next faults do occur after release time but within release time intermittent time Thus the operation delay counter is advanced at every fault...

Page 77: ...ent earth fault stage I0T 67NT Parameter Value Unit Description Note Status Blocked Start Trip Current status of the stage F F SCntr Cumulative start counter Clr TCntr Cumulative trip counter Clr SetG...

Page 78: ...ted faults Time stamp U0 voltage elapsed delay and setting group Recorded values of the directional intermittent transient earth fault stage 8 latest faults I0T 67NT Parameter Value Unit Description y...

Page 79: ...former s for example using a broken delta connection The setting values are relative to the VT0 secondary voltage defined in configuration NOTE The U0 signal must be connected according the connection...

Page 80: ...lag for all stages and output relays too Automatically reset by a 5 minute timeout Set Uo The supervised value relative to Un 3 Uo Uo Pick up value relative to Un 3 Set t t s Definite operation time S...

Page 81: ...s Ip Preload current corresponds to the actual temperature rise This parameter is the memory of the algorithm k Allowed continuous overload i e service factor Setting value k Ambient temperature facto...

Page 82: ...tes k 1 06 and k 1 and the current has been zero for a long time and thus the initial temperature rise is 0 At time 50 minutes the current changes to 0 85xImode and the temperature rise starts to appr...

Page 83: ...Cntr Cumulative trip counter C Force Off On Force flag for status forcing for test purposes This is a common flag for all stages and output relays too Automatically reset by a 5 minute timeout Set T C...

Page 84: ...ge U U and U The device measures the fundamental frequency component of a single phase to neutral 1LN or a line to line 1LL voltage Then the three phase voltage calculation is done assuming that all t...

Page 85: ...e delay counter continues from the previous value This means that the function trips after a certain number of instantaneous faults Figure 2 17 2 shows the functional block diagram of the overvoltage...

Page 86: ...rately adjustable undervoltage stages stage U U and U The device measures the fundamental frequency component of a single phase to neutral 1LN or a line to line 1LL voltage Then the three phase voltag...

Page 87: ...es for all the phases fall below the set value t ts tr MAX 1vup Setting U s Delay Enable events Start Trip Event register Um1 Blocking Event register NoCmp Hysteresis Release delay Figure 2 18 1 Block...

Page 88: ...is stage is mainly used to block other stages The ratio between the second harmonic component and the fundamental frequency component is measured on all the phase currents When the ratio in any phase...

Page 89: ...The max fault value EDly Elapsed time as compared to the set operating time 100 tripping 2 20 Circuit breaker failure stage CBFP 50BF The circuit breaker failure protection can be used to trip any up...

Page 90: ...eout Set Cbrelay 1 2 The supervised output relay Relay T1 Relay T2 Set t s Definite operation time Set For details of setting ranges see chapter 9 3 Set An editable parameter password needed C Can be...

Page 91: ...60 milliseconds are needed select 10 ms For operation times under one second 20 ms is recommended For longer operation times and THD signals 100 ms is recommended Link The name of the supervised sign...

Page 92: ...L1 IL2 IL3 3 TanFii Tangent tan arccos Prms Active power rms value Qrms Reactive power rms value Srms Apparent powre rms value THDIL1 Total harmonic distortion of IL1 THDIL2 Total harmonic distortion...

Page 93: ...atus forcing for test purposes This is a common flag for all stages and output relays too Automatically reset by a 5 minute timeout Set Link See Table 2 21 1 Name for the supervised signal Set See Tab...

Page 94: ...protection card includes two arc sensor channels The arc sensors are connected to the terminals 5 6 and 7 8 The arc information can be transmitted and or received through digital input and output cha...

Page 95: ...of other VAMP relays or dedicated arc protection devices by VAMP Delayed light indication signal There is a delayed light indication output signal available for building selective arc protection syst...

Page 96: ...Sensor 2 at terminals X6 7 8 Terminals X6 1 4 Set Delayed light signal output Ldly s Delay for delayed light output signal Set LdlyCn S1 S2 S1 S2 BI S1 BI S2 BI S1 S2 BI Light indication source select...

Page 97: ...time process values during a fault For example with an overcurrent stage using inverse delay a bigger a fault current gives faster operation The alternative to inverse delay is definite delay With de...

Page 98: ...on of curve delay points For example if previous settings were IEC NI and then curve family is changed to IEEE the setting error will active because there is no NI type available for IEEE curves After...

Page 99: ...AMP52 Rated current of the motor 600 A I0Calc IL1 IL2 IL3 is used for residual current At secondary level the rated motor current is 600 750 5 4 A For overcurrent stage I the table above gives 12 5 A...

Page 100: ...rse X X LTEI Long time extremely inverse X LTVI Long time very inverse X MI Moderately inverse X X STI Short time inverse X STEI Short time extremely inverse X RI Old ASEA type X RXIDG Old ASEA type X...

Page 101: ...ay equation Parameter Delay type A B NI Normal inverse 0 14 0 02 EI Extremely inverse 80 2 VI Very inverse 13 5 1 LTI Long time inverse 120 1 Example for Delay type Normal inverse NI k 0 50 I 4 pu con...

Page 102: ...for both trip and release operations However in the VAMP relay only the trip time is inverse according the standard but the release time is constant The operation delay depends on the measured value a...

Page 103: ...0 2 MI Moderately inverse 0 0515 0 1140 0 02 VI Very inverse 19 61 0 491 2 EI Extremely inverse 28 2 0 1217 2 STI Short time inverse 0 16758 0 11858 0 02 STEI Short time extremely inverse 1 281 0 005...

Page 104: ...rt time inverse delay Figure 2 23 1 10 ANSI IEEE short time extremely inverse delay IEEE2 inverse time operation Before the year 1996 and ANSI standard C37 112 microprocessor relays were using equatio...

Page 105: ...the measured value I is constant during the fault A modified version is implemented in the relay for real time usage Equation 2 23 1 3 3 2 C I I E C I I D C I I B A k t pickup pickup pickup t Operatio...

Page 106: ...4 127 0 8 0 2 4 08 0 8 0 2 4 6791 0 1735 0 5 0 3 2 t The operation time in this example will be 0 38 seconds The same result can be read from Figure 2 23 1 11 Figure 2 23 1 11 IEEE2 moderately inverse...

Page 107: ...only be used to draw graphs or when the measured value I is constant during the fault Modified versions are implemented in the relay for real time usage Equation 2 23 1 4 RI pickup RI I I k t 236 0 3...

Page 108: ...description 108 VAMP 24h support phone 358 0 20 753 3264 VM50 EN004 The operation time in this example will be 3 9 seconds The same result can be read from Figure 2 23 1 16 Figure 2 23 1 15 Inverse d...

Page 109: ...8 B 0 8630 C 0 8000 D 0 4180 E 0 1947 37 0 8 0 2 4 1947 0 8 0 2 4 4180 0 8 0 2 4 8630 0 2078 0 5 0 3 2 t The operation time in this example will be 0 37 seconds The resulting time current characterist...

Page 110: ...should be filled with 1 00 0 00s Here is an example configuration of curve points Point Current I Ipick up Operation delay 1 1 00 10 00 s 2 2 00 6 50 s 3 5 00 4 00 s 4 10 00 3 00 s 5 20 00 2 00 s 6 40...

Page 111: ...he major data for a SCADA system SCADA systems are reading events using any of the available communication protocols Event log can also be scanned using the front panel or using VAMPSET With VAMSET th...

Page 112: ...of event fault value Per unit scaling Primary scaling Set Display Alarms On Off Alarm pop up display is enabled No alarm display Set FORMAT OF EVENTS ON THE LOCAL DISPLAY Code CHENN CH event channel N...

Page 113: ...uts Also the digital outputs reserve one channel includes all the outputs If digital inputs and outputs are recorded there will be still 10 channels left for analogue waveforms Disturbance recorder pa...

Page 114: ...figured recording length Add one channel Maximum simultaneous number of channels is 12 IL1 IL2 IL3 Phase current Io1 Measured residual current U12 U23 U31 Line to line voltage UL1 UL2 UL3 Phase to neu...

Page 115: ...ld load pick up and inrush current detection Cold load pick up A situation is regarded as cold load when all the three phase currents have been less than a given idle value and then at least one of th...

Page 116: ...ally with the cold load pick up signal Application for inrush current detection The inrush current of transformers usually exceeds the pick up setting of sensitive overcurrent stages and contains a lo...

Page 117: ...kupf2 Pick up value for relative amount of 2nd harmonic If2 If1 Set Set An editable parameter password needed 3 4 Current transformer supervision The relay supervise the external wiring between the re...

Page 118: ...m The breaking current is registered when the trip relay supervised by the circuit breaker failure protection CBFP is activated See chapter 2 19 for CBFP and the setting parameter CBrelay Breaker curv...

Page 119: ...imum breaking current 80 4 100 1 5 100 1 6 100 1 7 100 1 8 100 1 Setting alarm points There are two alarm points available having two setting parameters each Current The first alarm can be set for exa...

Page 120: ...he counters Al1Ln Alarm 1 and Al2Ln Alarm2 There are three values for both alarms one for each phase The smallest of three is supervised by the two alarm functions Logarithmic interpolation The permit...

Page 121: ...10 454 5038 1 6 C Thus the maximum number of current breaking at 6 kA is 945 This can be verified with the original breaker curve in Figure 3 5 1 Indeed the figure shows that at 6 kA the operation cou...

Page 122: ...53 3264 VM50 EN004 At alarm level 2 6 kA the corresponding number of operations is calculated according Equation 3 5 4 C CAlarmMax 3 313 945 2 1 L L Thus Alarm2 counters for phases L1 and L2 are decre...

Page 123: ...peration IL1 IL2 IL3 A A A Broken current of phase L1 Broken current of phase L2 Broken current of phase L3 CBWEAR SET Alarm1 Current 0 00 100 00 kA Alarm1 current level Set Cycles 100000 Alarm1 limit...

Page 124: ...ed energy Active imported energy Reactive imported energy Each channel can be connected to any combination of the output relays using output matrix The parameters for the energy pulses can be found in...

Page 125: ...age pulse frequency will be 100 0 400 250 pulses h The peak pulse frequency will be 800 0 400 2000 pulses h Set pulse length to 3600 2000 0 2 1 6 s or less The lifetime of the mechanical output relay...

Page 126: ...er input Pulse counter input Pulse counter input Pulse counter input Active exported energy pulses Reactive exported energy pulses Active imported energy pulses Reactive imported energy pulses E Eq E...

Page 127: ...message is received the deviation is already near zero Parameters AAIntv and AvDrft will show the adapted correction time interval of this 1 ms auto adjust function Time drift correction without exter...

Page 128: ...meters are set as 6 10 3600 24 9 5000 9 9 1 1 NEW AAIntv Lead AvDrft NOTE When the internal time is roughly correct deviation is less than four seconds any synchronizing or auto adjust will never turn...

Page 129: ...isation deviation Set An editable parameter password needed Astronomically a range 11 12 h would be enough but for political and geographical reasons a larger range is needed If external synchronizati...

Page 130: ...automatically leading or lagging to stay in perfect sync with the master The learning process takes few days 3 8 Running hour counter This function calculates the total active time of the selected dig...

Page 131: ...ettings The selected on time and off time is set and then the activation of the timer can be set to be as daily or according the day of week See the setting parameters for details The timer outputs ar...

Page 132: ...every Friday Saturday The timer switches on and off every Saturday Sunday The timer switches on and off every Sunday MTWTF The timer switches on and off every day except Saturdays and Sundays MTWTFS T...

Page 133: ...lrL2 1 or AlrL3 1 LxAlarm On Off On Event enabling for AlrL1 3 Events are enabled Events are disabled Set LxAlarmOff On Off Off Event enabling for AlrL1 3 Events are enabled Events are disabled Set OC...

Page 134: ...c trips Events are enabled Events are disabled Set OCTripOff On Off Off Event enabling for combined o c starts Events are enabled Events are disabled Set IncFltEvnt On Off Disabling several events of...

Page 135: ...ctions of the microcontroller and the associated circuitry as well as the program execution are supervised by means of a separate watchdog circuit Besides supervising the relay the watchdog circuit at...

Page 136: ...diagnostic error can be reset via local panel interface Error registers There are four 16 bit error registers which are readable through remote protocols The following table shows the meaning of each...

Page 137: ...oltage measurement mode is set to 1LL line to line voltage or 1LN phase to neutral voltage The figure shows a current waveform and the corresponding fundamental frequency component f1 second harmonic...

Page 138: ...fied frequency range is 45 Hz 65 Hz The rated input In is 5A 1 A or 0 2 A It is specified in the order code of the relay Frequency Measuring range 16 Hz 75 Hz Inaccuracy 10 mHz The frequency is measur...

Page 139: ...component This is due to the nature of digital sampling The harmonic distortion is calculated using equation 1 15 2 2 h h THD i i where h1 Fundamental value h2 15 Harmonics Example h1 100 A h3 10 A h7...

Page 140: ...phase current IL3 4 5 Minimum and maximum values Minimum and maximum values are registered with time stamps since the latest manual clearing or since the device has been restarted The available regist...

Page 141: ...ms 1 s 1 min demand Parameter to select the type of the registered values Collect min max of one cycle values Collect min max of 200 ms average values Collect min max of 1 s average values Collect min...

Page 142: ...onnected to one phase to ground voltage Single phase voltage measurement is available In low impedance grounded networks over and undervoltage protection are available Directional earth fault protecti...

Page 143: ...mode As the device is measuring U12 only the U23 voltage is calculated by assuming that voltages are symmetrical 12 23 2 120 1 U a U a 3 23 1 12 L L I U I U S where 12 U Measured line voltage L1 L2 ph...

Page 144: ...ts but on a PQ power plane I VREF ind Forward inductive power current is lagging cos PF cap Forward capacitive power current is leading cos PF ind Reverse inductive power current is leading cos PF cap...

Page 145: ...mponents are calculated according the following equations W V U a a a a S S S 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 where S0 zero sequence component S1 positive sequence component S2 negative sequence component 2 3...

Page 146: ...tages using I0Calc signals use the phase current CT values for CTPRI and CTSEC Example 1 Secondary to primary CT 500 5 Current to the relay s input is 4 A Primary current is IPRI 4x500 5 400 A Example...

Page 147: ...A Per unit current is IPU 7 5 1 4 pu 140 Example 3 Per unit to secondary for phase currents excluding ArcI CT 750 5 Imode 525 A The relay setting is 2xImode 2 pu 200 Secondary current is ISEC 2x5x525...

Page 148: ...ne to line voltages Line to line voltage scaling Voltage measurement mode 1LL Voltage measurement mode 1LN secondary primary SEC PRI SEC PRI VT VT U U SEC PRI SEC PRI VT VT U U 3 primary secondary PRI...

Page 149: ...ement mode 1LN secondary per unit SEC SEC PU VT U U SEC SEC PU VT U U 3 per unit secondary SEC PU SEC VT U U 3 SEC PU SEC VT U U Example 1 Secondary to per unit Voltage measurement mode is 1LL VT 1200...

Page 150: ...Secondary to per unit Voltage measurement mode is U0 U0SEC 110 V This is a configuration value corresponding to U0 at full earth fault Voltage connected to the relay s input is 22 V Per unit voltage...

Page 151: ...mple configuration of scaling the transducer mA output Example 1 Coupling IL Scaled minimum 0 A Scaled maximum 300 A Analogue output minimum value 0 mA Analogue output maximum value 20 mA IL A mA Anal...

Page 152: ...er Value Unit Description Note T1 T4 0 1 Status of trip output relay F A1 0 1 Status of alarm output relay F IF 0 1 Status of the internal fault indication relay F Force On Off Force flag for output r...

Page 153: ...evices into the device Please note that it is possible to use two different control voltages for the inputs Label and description texts can be edited with VAMPSET according the application Labels are...

Page 154: ...l digital inputs The state of the virtual input can be changed from display communication bus and from VAMPSET For example setting groups can be changed using virtual inputs Parameters of virtual inpu...

Page 155: ...nce recorder DR and virtual outputs are configurable in the output matrix See an example in Figure 5 4 1 An output relay or indicator LED can be configured as latched or non latched A non latched rela...

Page 156: ...rix and output matrix 5 6 Controllable objects The device allows controlling of six objects that is circuit breakers disconnectors and earthing switches Controlling can be done by select execute or di...

Page 157: ...e length setting object fails and Object failure matrix signal is set Also undefined event is generated Completion timeout is only used for the ready indication If DI for obj ready is not set completi...

Page 158: ...g edge is detected from the selected input Length of digital input pulse should be at least 60 ms 5 6 1 Local Remote selection In Local mode the output relays can be controlled via a local HMI but the...

Page 159: ...signals can be configured to initiate the reclose sequence Each shot from 1 to 5 has its own enabled disabled flag If more than one AR signal activates at the same time AR1 has highest priority and A...

Page 160: ...tion stages must be connected to a trip relay in the output matrix Manual opening Manual CB open command during AR sequence will stop the sequence and leaves the CB open Reclaim time setting Use shot...

Page 161: ...hot For example if Shot 3 is the first shot for AR2 the starting delay for this sequence is defined by Discrimination time of Shot 2 for AR2 Critical AR request Critical AR request stops the AR sequen...

Page 162: ...t or virtual output The digital input for toggling the ARena parameter AR2grp ARon ARoff ARon Enabling disabling the autoreclose for group 2 ReclT 0 02 300 00 s 10 00 Reclaim time setting This is comm...

Page 163: ...is a common setting for all the AR lines in this shot AR1 On Off Off Indicates if this AR signal starts this shot AR2 On Off Off Indicates if this AR signal starts this shot Start1 0 02 300 00 s 0 02...

Page 164: ...TIME READY WAIT_CB_OPEN WAIT_CB_CLOSE DISCRIMINATION_TIME LOCKED FINAL_TRIP CB_FAIL INHIBIT AR function state Shot 1 5 The currently running shot ReclT RECLAIMTIME STARTTIME DEADTIME DISCRIMINATIONTIM...

Page 165: ...relay closes 5 The CB closes The CloseCB output relay opens and the discrimination time from shot 1 starts The current is still over the I setting 6 The discrimination time from the shot 1 runs out t...

Page 166: ...programmable logic for boolean signals The logic is designed by using the VAMPSET setting tool and downloaded to the device Functions available are AND OR XOR NOT COUNTERs RS D flip flops Maximum num...

Page 167: ...re 6 1 1 There is also one optional communication module slot in the rear panel Front panel in use LOCAL PORT EXTENSION PORT REMOTE PORT RS 232 USB D D GND FRONT PANEL COMMUNICATION PORTS Communicatio...

Page 168: ...port the front panel connector when activated is still using the plain command line interface with the original speed parity etc For example if the rear panel local port is used for remote VAMPSET com...

Page 169: ...imeout errors since the device has restarted or since last clearing Clr speed DPS Default 38400 8N1 for VAMPSET Display of actual communication parameters speed bit s D number of data bits P parity no...

Page 170: ...ice has restarted or since last clearing Clr Errors 0 216 1 Protocol errors since the device has restarted or since last clearing Clr Tout 0 216 1 Timeout errors since the device has restarted or sinc...

Page 171: ...P 3 0 Set Msg 0 232 1 Message counter since the device has restarted or since last clearing Clr Errors 0 216 1 Protocol errors since the device has restarted or since last clearing Clr Tout 0 216 1 Ti...

Page 172: ...NetMsk n n n n Net mask Use VAMPSET to edit Set Gatew n n n n Gateway Use VAMPSET to edit Set NTPSvr n n n n IP address for network time protocol NTPS server Use VAMPSET to edit Set VSport Default 23...

Page 173: ...rial applications The difference between these two protocols is the media Modbus TCP uses Ethernet and Modbus RTU uses asynchronous communication RS 485 optic fibre RS 232 VAMPSET will show the list o...

Page 174: ...mode Using the request mode it is possible to read all the available data from the VAMP device and still use only a very short buffer for Profibus data transfer The drawback is the slower overall spe...

Page 175: ...e within the Profibus network system Set Conv VE Converter type No converter recognized Converter type VE is recognized 4 Set An editable parameter password needed Clr Clearing to zero is possible 1 I...

Page 176: ...9600 default 19200 bps Communication speed Set Emode Channel Limit60 NoLimit Event numbering style Use this for new installations The other modes are for compatibility with old systems Set Set An edit...

Page 177: ...protocol for example the trip of I function is identified by type identification 1 function type 160 and information number 90 Private range function types are used for such data items which are not d...

Page 178: ...Channel read position Fault numbering Faults Total number of faults GridFlts Fault burst identifier number Grid Time window to classify faults together to the same burst Set Set An editable parameter...

Page 179: ...s for the device within the system Set MstrAddr 1 65519 255 default Address of master Set LLTout 0 65535 ms Link layer confirmation timeout Set LLRetry 1 255 1 default Link layer retry count Set APLTo...

Page 180: ...atalist document Parameters Parameter Value Unit Description Note bit s 1200 2400 4800 9600 bps Bitrate used for serial communication Set Parity None Even Odd Parity used for serial communication Set...

Page 181: ...ess set with VAMPSET Set NTPSvr n n n n Network time protocol server set with VAMPSET 0 0 0 0 no SNTP Set VS Port nn IP port for Vampset Set KeepAlive nn TCP keepalive interval Set MAC nnnnnnnnnnnn MA...

Page 182: ...1850 conformance statement pdf IEC 61850 Protocol data pdf and Configuration of IEC 61850 interface pdf on our website IEC 61850 main config parameters Parameter Value Unit Description Set Port 0 6400...

Page 183: ...have all the required functions to be applied as a backup relay in high voltage networks or to a transformer differential relay In addition VAMP52 includes all the required functions to be applied as...

Page 184: ...1 1 VAMP 50 or VAMP51 used in substation feeder protection The VAMP50 includes three phase overcurrent protection earth fault protection and fast arc protection At the incoming feeder the instantaneo...

Page 185: ...ay Power Error Alarm Trip Figure 7 1 2 VAMP 52 used in substation feeder protection in compensated network For the directional function of earth fault function the status information on off of the Pet...

Page 186: ...ay Power Error Alarm Trip M Figure 7 2 1 VAMP 52 feeder motor protection relay used in cable protection of an industry plant network VAMP 52 support directional earth fault protection and three phase...

Page 187: ...supervising a 24 Vdc trip circuit is possible The drawback is that an external resistor is needed to supervise the trip circuit on both CB positions If supervising during the closed position only is e...

Page 188: ...vision using a single digital input and an external resistor R The circuit breaker is in the closed position The supervised circuitry in this CB position is double lined The digital input is in active...

Page 189: ...figuration for trip circuit supervision with one digital input Example of dimensioning the external resistor R Uaux 110 Vdc 20 10 Auxiliary voltage with tolerance UDI 18 Vdc Threshold voltage of the d...

Page 190: ...7 3 1 2 and Equation 7 3 1 3 The Equation 7 3 1 2 is for the CB open situation including a 100 safety margin to limit the maximum temperature of the resistor Equation 7 3 1 2 R I P DI 2 2 P 2 0 003 2...

Page 191: ...rcuit breaker Another auxiliary contact is connected in series with the circuitry of the first digital input This makes it possible to supervise also the auxiliary contact in the trip circuit The seco...

Page 192: ...Trip circuit supervision with two digital inputs The CB is closed The supervised circuitry in this CB position is double lined The digital input is in active state when the trip circuit is complete F...

Page 193: ...n example of digital input configuration for trip circuit supervision with two dry digital inputs DI1 and DI2 Figure 7 3 2 4 An example of logic configuration for trip circuit supervision with two dry...

Page 194: ...on the rear panel of the VAMP 50 VAMP 51 and VAMP 52 Terminal X1 No Symbol Description 1 IL1 S1 Phase current L1 S1 2 IL1 S1 Phase current L1 S1 3 IL2 S1 Phase current L2 S1 4 IL2 S1 Phase current L2...

Page 195: ...4 9 A1 NC Alarm relay 1 normal closed connector 8 A1 NO Alarm relay 1 normal open connector 7 A1 COM Alarm relay 1 common connector 6 DI2 Digital input 2 5 DI2 Digital input 2 4 DI1 Digital input 1 3...

Page 196: ...ically available at the external connectors 8 4 1 Pin assignments of communication options The communication module types and their pin assignments are introduced in the following table Type Communica...

Page 197: ...NOTE If the slot X6 is already occupied with the optional digital input output card this option is not available See chapter 8 6 The optional arc protection card includes two arc sensor channels The a...

Page 198: ...nnection between the inputs and the output is selectable via the output matrix of the device The binary output can be connected to an arc binary input of another VAMP protection relay or arc protectio...

Page 199: ...X6 6 DI5 X6 7 Comm X6 8 DI6 The digital input output option card is inserted in the upper option card slot in the back of the VAMP 50 protection relay and the module is fasted to VAMP 50 with two scr...

Page 200: ...pported Analog input modules RTD Analog output modules mA output Binary input output modules EXTENSION port is primarily designed for I O modules The relay must have a communication option card with E...

Page 201: ...on read errors Y2 Scaled value X2 Modbus value Point 2 Y1 Scaled value X 32000 32000 Y 1000 1000 X1 Modbus value Point 1 32000 32000 Scaling Off set Subtracted from Modbus value before running XY scal...

Page 202: ...Description 0 10000 Hysteresis for alarm limits 21x107 21x107 Limit setting Alarm Alarm Active state 21x107 21x107 Limit setting Alarm Alarm Active state Active value 1 9999 Modbus register for the me...

Page 203: ...External digital inputs configuration VAMPSET only Range Description Communication read errors 1 16 Bit number of Modbus register value CoilS InputS InputR or HoldingR Modbus register type 1 9999 Modb...

Page 204: ...P 24h support phone 358 0 20 753 3264 VM50 EN004 External digital outputs configuration VAMPSET only Range Description Communication errors 1 9999 Modbus register for the measurement 1 247 Modbus addr...

Page 205: ...g Linked Val Max 32768 32767 0 65535 Modbus value corresponding Linked Val Min InputR or HoldingR Modbus register type 1 9999 Modbus register for the output 1 247 Modbus address of the I O device Maxi...

Page 206: ...6 X1 7 X1 8 X1 9 X2 1 X2 2 X3 12 X3 13 T2 X3 15 X3 14 T1 X3 16 X3 17 X3 11 X3 10 IF X3 18 X3 19 X3 20 X3 3 DI1 X3 4 DI1 X3 5 DI2 X3 6 DI2 Protection functions Comm option mA mA out option T1 T1 T3 T4...

Page 207: ...15 X3 14 T1 X3 16 X3 17 X3 11 X3 10 IF X3 18 X3 19 X3 20 X3 3 DI1 X3 4 DI1 X3 5 DI2 X3 6 DI2 Comm option mA mA out option T1 T1 T3 T4 C1 X3 7 X3 9 X3 8 order option Autorecloser matrix Protection fun...

Page 208: ...X3 19 X3 20 X3 3 DI1 X3 4 DI1 X3 5 DI2 X3 6 DI2 Comm option mA mA out option T1 T1 T3 T4 C1 X3 7 X3 9 X3 8 X1 10 X1 11 U U U 0 L 1 12 U U U 0 L 1 12 Autorecloser matrix Protection functions Auto Recl...

Page 209: ...arc modules VM50 EN004 VAMP 24h support phone 358 0 20 753 3264 209 8 9 Block diagrams of optional arc modules L BI O ARC_option_block_diagram X6 1 BO X6 2 BO X6 3 BI X6 4 BI X6 5 L1 X6 6 L1 X6 7 L2...

Page 210: ...X1 7 X1 8 X1 9 X2 1 X2 2 X3 12 X3 13 T2 X3 15 X3 14 T1 X3 16 X3 17 X3 11 X3 10 IF X3 18 X3 19 X3 20 X3 3 DI1 X3 4 DI1 X3 5 DI2 X3 6 DI2 Protection functions Comm option mA mA out option T1 T1 T3 T4 C...

Page 211: ...5 DI2 X3 6 DI2 Comm option mA mA out option T1 T1 T3 T4 C1 X3 7 X3 9 X3 8 X1 10 X1 11 U U U 0 L 1 12 U U U 0 L 1 12 Autorecloser matrix Protection functions Auto Reclose 79 79 I f2 68 TCS 74TC Lockout...

Page 212: ...6 DI2 Comm option mA mA out option T1 T1 T3 T4 C1 X3 7 X3 9 X3 8 X1 10 X1 11 U U U 0 L 1 12 U U U 0 L 1 12 Autorecloser matrix Protection functions Auto Reclose 79 79 I f2 68 TCS 74TC Lockout 86 3I 3...

Page 213: ...6 DI2 Comm option mA mA out option T1 T1 T3 T4 C1 X3 7 X3 9 X3 8 X1 10 X1 11 U U U 0 L 1 12 U U U 0 L 1 12 Autorecloser matrix Protection functions Auto Reclose 79 79 I f2 68 TCS 74TC Lockout 86 3I 3...

Page 214: ...ontinuous voltage withstand 250 V Burden 0 5 VA Rated frequency fn 45 65 Hz Frequency measuring range 16 75 Hz Terminal block Maximum wire dimension Solid or stranded wire 4 mm2 10 12 AWG 9 1 2 Auxili...

Page 215: ...acts relays A1 and IF Rated voltage 250 V ac dc Continuous carry 5 A Breaking capacity DC L R 40ms at 48 V dc at 110 V dc at 220 V dc 1 3 A 0 4 A 0 2 A Contact material AgNi 0 15 gold plated Terminal...

Page 216: ...optically isolated Operating voltage level Voltage selectable in order code same as DI threshold voltage A 24 V dc B 110 V dc C 220 V dc Number of binary outputs 1 transistor controlled Operating vol...

Page 217: ...50 s line to line Conducted HF field EN 61000 4 6 class III IEC 60255 22 6 0 15 80 MHz 10 V Emitted HF field EN 61000 4 3 class III IEC 60255 22 3 80 1000 MHz 10 V m 9 2 2 Test voltages Insulation tes...

Page 218: ...2 of the set value Operating time at definite time function 1 or 30 ms Operating time at IDMT function 5 or at least 30 ms I 50 x Imode EI Extremely Inverse NI Normal Inverse VI Very Inverse LTI Long...

Page 219: ...70 120 Imot step 1 Max overload at 70 C 50 100 Imot step 1 Ambient temperature 55 125 C step 1 Resetting ratio 0 95 Accuracy operating time 5 or 1 s Unbalance stage I2 46 Setting range 10 70 step 1 D...

Page 220: ...s Reset time 95 ms Reset ratio 0 95 Inaccuracy Starting 2 of the set value or 0 3 of the rated value Operating time at definite time function 1 or 30 ms Operating time at IDMT function 5 or at least 3...

Page 221: ...urrent 0 01 20 00 x I0n up to 8 00 for inputs other than I0Calc Start voltage 1 20 U0n Input signal I0 input X6 7 8 or X6 7 9 I0Calc IL1 IL2 IL3 Mode Non directional Sector ResCap Base angle setting r...

Page 222: ...he fault detection time and operation time of the trip contacts Only when measurement option is 1Line line to line voltage or 1Phase phase to neutral voltage A complete three phase voltage protection...

Page 223: ...ervised T1 T2 T3 and T4 Definite time function Operating time 0 1 10 0 s step 0 1 s Inaccuracy Operating time 100 ms This is the instantaneous time i e the minimum total operational time including the...

Page 224: ...range 0 5 10 0 x In Arc sensor connection S1 S2 S1 S2 BI S1 BI S2 BI S1 S2 BI Operating time Light only 12 ms Operating time 4xIset light 12ms Operating time BIN 7 ms BO operating time 3 ms Reset time...

Page 225: ...eresis I e dead band Used to avoid oscillation when comparing two near by values Imode Nominal current of the selected mode In feeder mode Imode VTprimary In motor mode Imode Imot I0n Nominal current...

Page 226: ...U0sec Voltage at input Uc at zero ohm earth fault Used in voltage measurement mode 2LL Uo Ua Voltage input for U12 or UL1 depending of the voltage measurement mode Ub Voltage input for U23 or UL2 dep...

Page 227: ...Technical description 11 Construction VM50 EN004 VAMP 24h support phone 358 0 20 753 3264 227 11 Construction Figure 11 1 panel cut out dimensions and Dimensional drawing...

Page 228: ...tection 2xSensor BIO Optional communication module 1 A None B RS 485 interface C RS 232 interface H Ethernet RJ 45 10 Mbps interface K IEC 61850 10 Mbps interface Optional communication module 2 A Non...

Page 229: ...50 EN002 Description for 4DI 1DO option added mA output option description improved Remote scaling overcurrent scaling description added VM50 EN003 2nd Harmonic stage added Firmware revision history 1...

Page 230: ...Documentation Mounting and Commissioning Instructions VMMC EN0xx VAMPSET User s Manual VMV EN0xx Manufacturer Service data VAMP Ltd P O Box 810 FIN 65101 Vaasa Finland Visiting address Yritt j nkatu 1...

Page 231: ...14 Reference information Technical description VM50 EN004 VAMP 24h support phone 358 0 20 753 3264 231...

Page 232: ...rve the right to changes without prior notice VAMP Ltd Street address Yritt j nkatu 15 Phone 358 20 753 3200 Post address Fax 358 20 753 3205 P O Box 810 FIN 65101 Vaasa Internet www vamp fi Finland E...

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