THORLABS KPA101 Kinesis User Manual Download Page 56 | Manualshive

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56

HA0373T Rev Ck May 2017

Chapter 6

closed loop system. The notch filter is an adjustable electronic anti-resonance that

can be used to counteract the natural resonance of the mechanical system.

As the resonance frequency of actuators varies with load in addition to the minor variations

from product to product, the notch filter is tuneable so that its characteristics can be

adjusted to match those of the actuator. In addition to its centre frequency, the bandwidth

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Summary of Contents for KPA101

Page 1: ...KPA101 Beam Position Aligner Kinesis User Guide Original Instructions ...

Page 2: ... 2 3 Use of the Sum and Difference Signals for Alignment 18 4 2 4 A Note About Bipolar Voltage Outputs 19 4 2 5 Beam Size Considerations 19 4 2 6 Sensor Data Precision 20 4 2 7 Temperature Considerations 20 4 3 Control Panel Buttons and Indicators 21 4 3 1 Digital Display Operating Mode 22 4 4 Settings Menu 23 4 4 1 Menu Overview 23 4 4 2 Menu Option Control Mode 23 4 4 3 Menu Option Brightness 24...

Page 3: ...tion 44 5 3 6 Signs Of Instability 48 5 3 7 Troubleshooting 49 5 4 Setting Sequences 49 5 5 Changing and Saving Parameter Settings 49 Chapter 6 Software Reference 50 6 1 GUI Panel 50 6 2 Settings Panel 53 6 2 1 Persisting Settings to the Hardware 53 6 2 2 Control Settings Tab 54 6 2 3 Display Tab 58 6 2 4 TriggerTab 60 Appendices Appendix A Connector Pinout Details 63 Appendix B PID Tutorial 65 Ap...

Page 4: ...when there is a risk of injury to users Caution Given when there is a risk of damage to the product Note Clarification of an instruction or additional information Warnings If this equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired In particular excessive moisture may impair operation Spillage of fluid such as sample solutions sh...

Page 5: ...ray for use in a monitoring application In open loop the XOut and YOut position demand output signals can be turned off to allow the mirrors to be posi tioned manually This position aligner K Cube also benefits from a closed loop mode In closed loop operation the unit can be configured to drive out a pair of position demand analog signals In typical applications these signals can be used to contro...

Page 6: ... from a single mains outlet This power supply unit is also designed to take up minimal space and can be mounted to the optical table in close proximity to the driver units connected via short power leads As a further level of convenience when using the new K Cube Controllers Thorlabs also offers th e 3 channel and 6 channel K Cube Controller Hubs KCH301 and KCH601 These products have been designed...

Page 7: ...ing applications very rapidly and with great ease The server is described in more detail in the following section 2 3 2 Kinesis Server Kinesis controls are re usab le compiled software compo nents that supply both a graphical user interface an d a p rogrammable interface Many such Controls a re available for Windows applications development providing a large range of re usable functionality For ex...

Page 8: ... the position aligner unit to which it is associated e g such as be am position and SUM value Updates to the panel take place automatically when a user client application is making software calls into the same Control For exampl e if a client application instructs the associated Quad Detector Control to centralize the laser beam within the quad detector photodiode array progress is monitored autom...

Page 9: ...inesis Soft ware online help file for a co mplete programmers guide This is available either by pressing the F1 key when running the Kinesis server or via the Start menu Start Programs Thorlabs Kinesis Kinesis Help 2 3 3 Software Upgrades Thorlabs operate a policy of continuous product development and may issue software upgrades as necessary The latest software can be downloaded from the services ...

Page 10: ...phical user interface panels GUIs which expose all key operating parameters and modes The user can select multiple panel views displaying different information about a particular hardware unit The multitasking architecture ensures that the graphical control panels always remain live showing all current hardware activity Caution Some PCs may have been configured to restrict the users ability to loa...

Page 11: ...ting Options The K Cube Position Aligner is shipped with a baseplate for use when fitting the unit to a breadboard optical table or similar surface see Section 3 2 3 For multiple cube systems a 3 channel and 6 channel K Cube Controller Hub KCH301 and KCH601 are also available see Section 2 2 for further details Full instructions on the fitting and use of the controller hub are contained in the han...

Page 12: ...e is then located on two dowels in the baseplate and secured by two clips Fig 3 1 Using The Baseplate 3 3 Electrical Installation 3 3 1 Rear Panel Fig 3 2 Rear Panel Connections DETECTOR IN used to conne ct the detector compatible with Thorlabs PDQ and PDP series detectors see Section A 2 for pin out details SUM X DIFF and Y DIFF Female SMA connectors Used to output the signals from the detector t...

Page 13: ...d This signal is proportional to the total amount of light hitting the detector 3 3 2 Supply Voltage and Current Requirements Note Throughout this document references to the XDIFF and YDIFF signals follow the general mathematical convention of drawing graphs so the positive values are on the right hand side and upper half of the X Y plane However as a voltage coming from the sensor and measured on...

Page 14: ...ds the shutdown can be cancelled by turning the switch on again in which case the unit will save the parameters but will remain powered up In a powered down Standby state the logic circuits are powered off and the unit will draw only a small quiescent current The switch should always be used to power down the unit TRIG 1 and TRIG 2 SMA connectors for use with external trigger input and output sign...

Page 15: ...n to a supply of a different rating may cause damage to the unit and could result in injury to the operator Caution Do not connect the K Cube unit to a live external power supply Doing so i e hot plugging carries the risk of PERMANENT damage to the unit Always ensure the DC power supply unit is isolated from the mains before connecting to the K Cube unit Always power up the units by connecting the...

Page 16: ...stem Example The system comprises a KP A101 position aligner K Cube a Sensor Head and two KPZ101 Piezo Drivers together with the associated piezo actuated stage turning mirror and laser source see Fig 4 1 The objective of the system is to position and hold the laser beam centrally within the detector array Fig 4 1 Typical Stand Alone Set Up The unit is first set to open loop mode The turning mirro...

Page 17: ... and YPos values in millimeters whereas if the PDQ80A or PDQ30C sensor type is selected the display shows the XDiff and YDiff values that the sensor outputs in Volts The KPA101 always reads the voltages but additionally for the PDP90A sensor it is capable of calculating the exact X Y position from these voltages 4 2 1 PDQ80A and PDQ30C Quadrant Detector Heads The PDQ80A and PDQ30C are quad photodi...

Page 18: ...beam position on the detector in the X and Y axes The sum signal is used to normalize the difference signals in relation to beam power For example consider the situation below where the beam is positioned in the upper right hand quadrant of the detector In this case the XDiff and YDiff signals may be 4 and 2 respectively with a sum value of 8 Note In the general mathematical convention of drawing ...

Page 19: ... in the KPZ 101 unit there are three input sources SMA DAC and potentiometer that are added together to generate an output voltage So for example if the input contribution of the DAC is 5 Volt and you drive the SMA input with 5 Volt then the effect of this is zero output In other words fro m an electrical point of view the input accepts both positive and negative voltages and as long as their sum ...

Page 20: ...f power which may not be the geometric center of the beam Apart from beam alignment the actual beam position relative to true alignment can only be determined if the beam size beam geometry and beam power density gradient are well understood Beam alignment is best achieved for a stable circular beam with a diameter as stated above and a uniform power density over the beam area 4 2 7 Temperature Co...

Page 21: ...der normal operation the display shows the horizontal and vertical position of the laser beam within the detector sensor array together with the X Diff andY Diff values see Section 4 3 1 It alsoshows the menuoptions and settings accessed via the menu button see Section 4 4 When the Ident button on the associated GUI panel is clicked the display will flash for a short period MENU used to access the...

Page 22: ...p the beam central in the detector The last digit on the top line denotes the operating mode C Closed loop O Open Loop or M Monitor The last digit on the second line shows A if automatic switching from Closed to Open loop is selected see section Section 6 2 4 The lower target area shows the horizontal and vertical position of the laser beam within the detector sensor array The detector head provid...

Page 23: ... menu options Press the MENU button to enter the 1 Control Mode option Use the wheel to scroll through the options see Section 4 5 for more details then press the MENU button to store the selection and return to the main display M e n u o p t i o n s U s e w h e e l M e n u o p t i o n s 1 C o n t r o l M o d e M e n u o p t i o n s 2 B r i g h t n e s s M e n u o p t i o n s 3 D i s p T i m e o u...

Page 24: ...ime T o prevent this the display is automatically dimmed after a specified time interval Press the MENU bu tton then use the wheel to scroll through the menu options Press the MENU button to enter the Disp Timeout option The time out interval is specified in minutes in the range 1 to 480 The adjustment is done in steps of 1 minute if the timeout is between 1 t o 10 minutes 10 minute steps between ...

Page 25: ...y purposes to calculate where the light beam hits the sensor Background the position sensitive detector heads PDP90A PDQ80A output three analogue signals XDIFF and YDIFF and SUM Due to the physics of the photodiodes used in these position sensors the magnitude of the XDIFF and YDIFF signals are not only proportional to the position of the light beam in x and y directions respectively but to the op...

Page 26: ...detector array Fig 4 7 OPEN LOOP and CLOSED LOOP Schematic Diagram PDQ80A Quad Detector A D A D DAC DAC A D DSP XDIFF YDIFF SUM USB LV OUT XDIFF LV OUT YDIFF SUM OPEN LOOP MODE The XDIFF and YDIFF signals are routed to the DSP The DSP either sets the outputs to zero or holds them at their last closed loop voltage dependent on the setting of the Position Demand In Open Loop Mode parameter in the Se...

Page 27: ...h the Position Demands In Open Loop Mode option that defines whether the controller will hold freeze the XPOS and YPOS outputs when switching over to open loop or set them to zero Automatic switchover might be advantageous in scenarios where the beam might be temporarily blocked for example during experiments involving manual manipulation of optical components particularly when the beam path is qu...

Page 28: ...nd continue control starting from the last valid beam position Note that because automatic switchover assumes the knowledge of the last valid closed loop beam position that is lost when the controller is powered down this option cannot be persisted For a similar reason the controller will always power up in open loop mode ...

Page 29: ...rential coefficient Multiply Integrator Differentiator e x dt 0 now t de x dt DSP Demand Sense Polarity DAC XDIFF SUM Notch Frequency and Bandwidth Notch Filter On Off Filter On Off Closed Loop Open Loop Fixed XPOS Value Usually Zero DSP Tunable Notch Filter fc fc f f Tunable Low Pass Filter To rear Panel SUM O P From SUM I P From Integrator From Differentiator Derivative Cut Off Frequency From Pr...

Page 30: ... pair of KPZ101 piezo driver cubes see Fig 4 9 for a typical system schematic diagram 1 Perform the mechanical installation as detailed in Section 3 2 of this manual and also in the manual supplied with the K Cube Piezo drivers 2 Connect the X DIFF and Y DIFF terminals on the rear of the position aligner to the associated EXT IN terminals on the rear of the Piezo Drivers Fig 4 9 Typical Stand Alon...

Page 31: ... position the laser beam such that it is directed at the centre of the detector sensor array and the spot is in thecenter of the Target display 4 Check that the piezo controller connected to the X DIFF connector is driving the X axis piezo actuator Turn the control knob on the piezo controller to increase the piezo drive voltage The laser beam should move along the X axis with very little Y axis m...

Page 32: ...tive If the spo t moves towards the bottom the d emand sense is negative Note The default settings for the Position Demand Sense is Positive which is correct for the set up shown in Fig 4 9 If the check described at item 5 shows a negative demand sense then it will be necessary to connect a PC to change the Position Demand Sense parameter in the Settings panel see Section 6 2 Note The default sett...

Page 33: ...at a h igher frequency range However above a certain level the system becomes unstable and the integral and proportional coefficients will need to be decreased until the system stabilizes Instability in the system may be recognized by the following symptoms Whistling buzzing or similar noises from the pizo actuators Jumping XOut and YOut values only visible on the GUI panel Spot not stable in the ...

Page 34: ... the piezo mirror show around 10V Fig 4 11 TARGET and VOLTS Displays Showing Values Near Travel Limit When the unit is switched to closed loop mode the spot moves towards the center of the display as the piezo units drive the piezo mirror to reposition the laser beam Fig 4 12 Repositioning the Laser Beam But the piezo units now show 0V which means that the piezos are at the limit of their travel a...

Page 35: ...ror such that the laser beam is held central within the detector array i e for a 7 5V piezo the piezo driver displays 37 5V and the TARGET display shows the spot in the center see Fig 4 13 Fig 4 13 TARGET and VOLTS Displays Showing Values At Mid Position 6 If any positional changes occur due perhaps to thermal drift the position aligner sends a sign al to the pi ezo drivers to reposition the beam ...

Page 36: ... graphical instrument panels to be displayed so that multiple units can be controlled All basic operating parameters can be set through this program and all basic operations such as piezo moves can be initiated This tutorial shows how the Kinesis application provides all of the functionality necessary to operate the hardware Power up the hardware and wait until the KPA101 has finished booting up t...

Page 37: ...ed throughout the rest of this tutorial to interface with the position aligner Throughout this section the sensor described is a PDQ80A quad detector However the KPA101 unit is also compatible with other Thorlabs detectors such as the PDQ30C IR detector head or the PDP90A Lateral Effect Detector ...

Page 38: ... piezo K Cubes to provide the drive signals to the piezo actuators in the system This configurations are by no means the only possible options and indeed any piezo controller MDT693B BPC series etc co uld be used to provide the drive voltage amplification Note There are only enough hub lines to facilitate comms between one KPA101 unit and a pair of KPZ101 units If a second KPA101 unit is used with...

Page 39: ...mechanical installation as detailed in Section 3 2 of this manual and also in the manual supplied with the K Cube Piezo drivers 2 Install the K Cube units onto th e controller hub Fit a piezo unit in bay 1 the position aligner in bay 2 and the other piezo unit in bay 3 as shown in Fig 5 2 3 Connect the HV OUT terminals on the rear of the Piezo drivers to the associated piezo actuators Bay 1 to Y a...

Page 40: ...ver fitted in bay 1 The Settings panel is displayed 12 Make the following parameter settings as shown in Fig 5 3 Feedback Loop Mode Select Open Loop Output Voltage Range For the ASM003 mirror shown in Fig 5 2 set 75V for other piezo mirrors set 75V 100V or 150V whichever is applicable Input Source Select Software External Signal Analogue Input Mode Select Analogue Channel 2 It is advisable to clic...

Page 41: ...re box These settings will then be loaded on each power up cycle 18 On the position aligner GUI click the Settings button to disp lay the Se ttings panel 19 Click the Control tab and set the X Y Feedback Sense to Forward as shown in Fig 5 4 20 Click the Display tab and set the LV Signal Routing parameter to PositionAligner Hub and SMA as shown in Fig 5 4 Fig 5 4 KPA101 Settings Panel Hub Operation...

Page 42: ...Input Source settings are described in Fig 5 6 5 3 4 Wiring and Software Settings Off Hub Operation Using the KCH601 hub greatly simplifies system wiring because the hub provides all the necessary power signal and USB comms connections to all controller cubes However for certain applications it may be convenient to set up the system without using a KCH601 hub with hard wired electrical connections...

Page 43: ... Hub Channel 2 bay 2 KPZ101 Hub Channel 1 bay 4 KPZ101 Hub Channel 2 bay 3 KPZ101 Hub Channel 1 Position Aligner MENU Position Aligner MENU Position Aligner MENU Position Aligner MENU Piezo Controller MENU Piezo Controller MENU Piezo Controller MENU Piezo Controller MENU Piezo Controller MENU Piezo Controller MENU Piezo Controller MENU Piezo Controller MENU ...

Page 44: ... the piezo controller connected to the X DIFF connector is driving the X axis piezo actuator Turn the control knob on the piezo GUI to increase the piezo drive voltage The spot in the main display of the KPA101 GUI should move along the X axis with very little Y axis movement If the beam moves in the Y axis or diagonally the piezo controller is connected to the wrong actuator 5 To ensure correct c...

Page 45: ...he CLOSED LOOP LED is lit The position aligner unit now takes over the alignment and controls the piezo units to drive the piezo mirror to direct the laser beam to the central position The beam position within the sensor array is indicated by the Grid display 9 Depending on the position of other components in the system it is possible that the travel range of the piezo actuators driving the mirror...

Page 46: ...piezos depending on the XY Display Mode selected The display also shows a bar graph which represents the Sum value from the detector Viewed together these displays are useful in deciding when to center the piezo actuators and make manual adjustments to the turning mirror actuators For example consider the situation shown below when the unit is in open loop mode and the display shows the beam in th...

Page 47: ...ezo mirror further and has not managed to move the laser spot to the centre of the detector The piezo actuators must be recentered i e OUTPUT pot adjusted for 37 5V display and the position error taken up by manual adjustment 10 Press the OPEN LOOP button on the GUI panel to select Open Loop mode 11 Adjust the OUTPUT pot on the piezo drivers GUI until both displays read 37 5 V 12 Adjust the manual...

Page 48: ...f Instability The Control loop PID settings allow the system response to be tuned to a particular application Higher proportional and integral coefficients decrease the residual error in the system and also allow the system to respond more quickly to a disturbance i e the system is a ble to dampen vibrations at a hi gher frequency range However above a certain level the system becomes unstable and...

Page 49: ...ces please see the Kinesis Helpfile 5 5 Changing and Saving Parameter Settings During operation certain settings e g operating mode etc ca n be changed as required and saved to the device for use in the absence of a PC However when the device is next connected to a PC and the Kinesis Server is run up these settings will be overwritten by the default settings These values have been chosen to provid...

Page 50: ...nel Fig 6 1 Position aligner Software GUI Note The serial number of the KPA101 position aligner associated with the GUI panel is displayed in the top right hand corner This information should always be provided when requesting customer support ...

Page 51: ...inus right X Axis alignment difference signals together with a signal that is the sum of signals total beam power from all four sensors of the internal photodiode array Th e two difference signals are voltage analogs of the light intensity difference sensed by the pairs of photodiode elements in the array The Main Grid Display plots the XDiff and YDiff signals from the array and shows the resultin...

Page 52: ...ecified settings for the parameters listed below Axis Limits shows the va lues of the Minimum and Maximum limits for the XOut and YOut values between 10V and 10V The XOut and YOut values are the signals sent to the X DIFF and Y DIFF connectors in closed loop mode which are then used by the position element to drive the piezo mirror in order to keep the beam central in the detector Under normal ope...

Page 53: ...ch that when the unit is next powered up these settings are applied automatically This is particularly important when the driver is being used manually in the absence of a PC and USB link The Analogue Input Channel and Display Mode parameters are good examples of settings that can be altered and then persisted in the driver for use in absence of a PC To save the settings to hardware check the Pers...

Page 54: ... a change to the output which is proportional to the current error value A high proportional gain results in a large change in the output for a given error If set too high the system can become unstable It accepts values in the range 0 to 1 Integral This parameter accelerates the process towards the demanded set point value ensuring that the positional error is eventually reduced to zero If set to...

Page 55: ... the next topic for a typical application Under normal operating conditions these values are between 10 V a nd 10 V however some applications may require the limits to be less than this The Output Limits can be used to set the limits for the XOut and YOut values between 10V and 10V Feedback Gain Settings These parameters are applicable only when operating in closed loop mode and set the sense and ...

Page 56: ...d to counteract the natural resonance of the mechanical system As the resonance frequency of actuators var ies with load inaddition to the minor variations from product to product the notch filter is tuneable so that its characteristics can be adjusted to match those of the actuator In addition to its centre frequency the bandwidth ...

Page 57: ...n but in general a value of 5 to 10 is in most cases a good starting point The Centre Frequency is specified in Hz in the range 0 to 10000 The Q Factor is specified in the rage 0 1 to 100 Enable Auto Open Close Loop If this box is checked the unit will automatically switch from closed loop mode to open loop when the SUM value falls below the limit set in the Minimum Sum Limit parameter specified a...

Page 58: ...Q30C PDQ30C Quadrant Detector Head PDP90A PDP90A Lateral Effect Detector Head OTHER Third Party Detector Head Miscellaneous Settings LV Signal Routing when operating in closed loop mode the position aligner position control signals are always output on the external SMA connectors X DIFF and Y DIFF In addition they can also be routed to the KCHx01 hub which eliminates the need for external SMA to S...

Page 59: ...n In of the display can occur if it remains static for a long time To prevent this the display is automatically dimmed after the time interval specified in the Display Timeout parameter has elapsed The time interval is specified in minutes in the range 1 to 480 The dim level is set in the Dimmed Intensity parameter as a percentage of full brightness from 0 Off to 10 brightest but is also limited b...

Page 60: ...OW and when driven above 2 4V it will read a logic HIGH The ports have an internal weak pull up resistor ensuring that a stable logic level is present on the inputs even when there is no driving source connected to it This means that when unconnected the ports will read a logic HIGH The internal pull up also allows the direct connection of mechanical switches or other unpowered control devices In ...

Page 61: ... able to read the logic state of port there is no other functionality associated with it The logic state of the output can be inverted by setting the Triggering Polarity parameter to Low with this option selected the state of the output will be the opposite of the corresponding bit setting in the software call The default state of the output in this mode is also the opposite of the option selected...

Page 62: ...tage of full scale in the range 1 to 99 Trig Out SUM Diff This output mode is a logic AND combination of the Inside SUM range and Below Diff Threshold conditions described above Having to meet both conditions provides a more reliable indication of the normal closed loop operation when the beam is aligned and in the centre of the position sensor In this scenario the SUM signal is within the expecte...

Page 63: ... the sensitive electronic components inside the cube getting damaged invalidating warranty The cube uses a standard mini DIN type of input connector the corresponding plug is available from most standard electronics suppliers Fig A 1 shows the mini DIN socket as viewed by looking at the rear panel of the cube The pin numbering follows the standard for mini DIN connectors Fig A 1 POWER Connector Pi...

Page 64: ...ector on the sensor cable Fig A 2 shows the pin configuration as viewed by looking at the rear panel of the cube Fig A 2 DETECTOR IN Connector Pin Identification DETECTOR IN Pin 1 X axis Q2 Q3 Q1 Q4 10 to 10V Pin 2 Y axis Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 10 to 10V Pin 3 SUM Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 0 to 10V Pin 4 V 15V 15mA Max Pin 5 Common Pin 6 V 15V 15mA Max Photodiode Detail Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 6 5 2 1 4 3 ...

Page 65: ...the centre position of the beam In general start with a low values for Proportional P and Integral I The default values for these is 10 and 5 which normally result in an unconditionally stable system Usually with low P an d I valu es the system is very stabl e but responds to disturbances quite slowly Low P and I values tend to dampen the internal mechanical resonance of the sys tem as well As the...

Page 66: ...he covers removed Only personnel authorized by Thorlabs Ltd and trained in the maintenance of this equipment should remove its covers or attempt any repairs or adjustments Maintenance is limited to safety testing and cleaning as described in the following sections Warning Disconnect the power supply before cleaning the unit Never allow water to get inside the case Do not saturate the unit Do not u...

Page 67: ...op X Y Position Control Type PID with Notch Filter Servo Update Frequency 20 kHz Arithmetic 32 Bit Floating Point USB Ver 1 1 Input Voltage Requirements 15 V 50 mA 15 V 50 mA 5 V 120 mA Housing Dimensions W x D x H 60 x 60 x 47 mm 2 4 x 2 4 x 1 8 Weight 160 g 5 5 oz Product Name Part Number Quad Detector Visible PDQ80A Quad Detector Infra Red PDQ30C Lateral Effect Sensor PDP90A K Cube Piezo Driver...

Page 68: ...ause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the company could void the user s authority to operate the equipment E 2 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE Directive E 2 1 Compliance As required by the Waste El ectrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE Directive of the Europ...

Page 69: ...or your nearest dealer for further information E 2 2 Waste treatment on your own responsibility If you do not return an end of life unitto the company you musthand it to acompany specialized in waste recovery Do not dispose of the unit in a litter bin or at a public waste disposal site E 2 3 Ecological background It is we ll known that WEEE p ollutes the environment by re leasing toxic p roducts d...

Page 70: ...Appendix E 70 HA0373T Rev Ck Apr 2017 5 3 CE Certificate ...

Page 71: ...31 35 Mölndal Sweden Tel 46 31 733 30 00 Fax 46 31 703 40 45 www thorlabs com Email scandinavia thorlabs com France Thorlabs SAS 109 rue des Côtes 78600 Maisons Laffitte France Tel 33 0 970 444 844 Fax 33 0 825 744 800 www thorlabs com Email sales fr thorlabs com Brazil Thorlabs Vendas de Fotônicos Ltda Rua Riachuelo 171 São Carlos SP 13560 110 Brazil Tel 55 16 3413 7062 Fax 55 16 3413 7064 www th...

Page 72: ... Ltd Saint Thomas Place Ely Cambridgeshire CB7 4EX UK Tel 44 0 1353 654440 Fax 44 0 1353 654444 www thorlabs com Thorlabs Inc 56 Sparta Ave Newton NJ07860 USA Tel 1 973 579 7227 Fax 1 973 300 3600 www thorlabs com ...

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