User Guide
Definitions
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is a device used to switch between two or more sources of
electrical power. These can be solid state static or electromechanical devices.
Autotransformer is a magnetic induction device used to step down, step up or convert
alternating current (AC) from one voltage to another. For example, utilities use
autotransformers/transformers to convert 7100Vac to 120Vac/240Vac that is used within
homes.
Battery Management System (BMS) is an advanced microcomputer controlled device that
protects the internal Lithium-ion Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4/LFP) battery from being overly
discharged or overly charged, from short circuits, over voltage, extreme temperature, and it
keeps the individual battery cells in voltage balance.
EMI Filter is a device that uses a combination of capacitor, inductor and resistor resonant traps
to filter out high frequencies. Within an AC voltage circuit, an EMI filter improves power quality
by filtering out harmonics, frequencies that are a multiple of the source frequency (60Hz or
50Hz), and other high frequency line noise which can affect sensitive electronics and equipment
such as radios.
Grid/Shore Power is the electricity generated and delivered by the utility.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is an algorithm used by solar charge controllers to
extract the maximum amount of working power (watts) from solar panels. The algorithm, does
this by presenting the lowest resistance load, as closed to zero ohms, to the solar panels until it
can reach the highest voltage at the highest current - maximum power point - W = I * E
LiFePO4/LFP or lithium-ion iron phosphate is an advanced battery technology that uses iron
phosphate as a key component of its electrochemistry. It is safer than other lithium-ion
chemistries such as nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC).
ORing Diode is a solid state switch used to control the flow of current without the use of
mechanical or electromechanical parts. It is known as a static switch due to the lack of moving
parts. It is based upon a MOSFET design for zero voltage drop and very little energy loss as
compared to Schottky diode-based switching designs.
Watts (W) is the measure of electrical power used to perform the work from the electricity
consumed. For those who use Amperes as a measure, watts can be achieved using the formula
W = I * E, where “I” is the current in Amperes and “E” is the potential in Volts.
Voltage Sag or a 'brownout' is a short duration reduction in RMS voltage of an AC source, which
can be caused by a short circuit, circuit overload, or starting of electric motors. It can affect
sensitive electronic loads, computer systems and adjustable motor speed drives.
Battery Energy Storage and Power Solutions
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2022
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